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The Invisibles Workshop 2024 will take place in Bologna, Italy from July 1st to July 5th, 2024. It follows the Invisibles24 School. The event will be located in the city center of Bologna, inside the monumental complex of San Giovanni in Monte, in the room dedicated to Giorgio Prodi (ground floor).
The Invisibles24 Workshop aims at a broad audience working in the areas of neutrino, dark matter, astroparticle physics, cosmology. It is jointly organized by the Horizon 2020 Marie Curie ITN network HIDDeN and HE Staff Exchange ASYMMETRY, and it continues the series of “Invisibles” events started in 2012 (Horizon 2020 Marie Curie ITN network Invisibles, Horizon 2020 Marie Curie ITN network Elusives and the Horizon 2020 RISE network InvisiblesPlus).
News as of Monday May 13: We have reached maximum capacity for the lecture room. We will provide a streaming of the workshop in another room of the same complex, for late registrants/late comers. All other activities (coffee breaks etc.) will be joint.
Confirmed invited speakers and topics
Carlos Arguelles (BSM with sky neutrinos)
Martin Bauer (Relic neutrino background)
Simone Blasi (News on domain walls)
Nassim Bozorgnia (Large magellanic cloud and dark matter direct searches)
Mark Chen (Overview of neutrino experiments: what is new after Neutrino2024?)
Marco Cirelli (Dark matter indirect detection)
Enrique Fernandez-Martinez (BSM with lab neutrinos)
Katherine Freese (Has JWST Discovered Dark Stars?)
Belen Gavela (New tests of ALP-fermion interactions)
Edward Hardy (Axion cosmology)
Anson Hook (Reflections on the matter/dark matter coincidence)
Dan Hooper (The road ahead: astroparticle physics)
Bradley Kavanagh (Black holes inspirals: lessons for dark matter)
Belina von Krosigk (Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter: experimental status)
Giacomo Landini (Dark matter from strongly coupled sectors)
Jeff Lazar (Recent results from the IceCube neutrino observatory/from KM3NeT)
Laura Lopez-Honorez (Cosmological probes of dark matter's energy injections)
Fabio Maltoni (Particle physics and the quantum)
Jorge Martin Camalich (BSM&flavour: life after the anomalies?)
Oleksii Matsedonskii (News on cosmological selections of the weak scale)
Clara Murgui (Atomic sensors for BSM)
Stephen Parke (The Race to the Neutrino Mass Ordering)
Serguey Petcov (Status and prospects of neutrino physics)
Alberto Ramos (The strong CP problem in the quantum rotor)
Marco Regis (Radio signals from axions)
Nuria Rius (News on leptogenesis)
Jordi Salvado (BSM with cosmological neutrinos)
Ninetta Saviano (Primordial black holes and leptogenesis)
Marco Selvi (Recent results in dark matter direct detection)
Javi Serra (BSM at finite density)
Geraldine Servant (News on electroweak baryogenesis)
Carlos Tamarit (Is the strong CP problem real?)
Arsenii Titov (Strong CP and modular invariance)
Sebastian Trojanowski (Long-lived particles at accelerators)
Jessica Turner (Gravitational waves from GUT and HEP)
Miguel Vanvlasselaer (Interaction between the plasma and the bubble during FOPTs)
Luca Visinelli (H0 and cosmological tensions: overview of theory solutions)
Edoardo Vitagliano (Astrophysical transients and feebly-interacting particles)
Susanne Westhoff (Axion-like particles at colliders)
Sam Witte (Axions clouds around pulsars)
Registration fee: 250€ (early fee) or 320€ (late fee) for students; 340 € (early fee) or 390 € (late fee) for faculties and post-docs. The fee includes all morning and afternoon coffee breaks, the welcome reception on Monday evening, the social dinner on Thursday, the lunch during the poster session and (TBC) an additional social event. The fee for accompanying adults is 80€ and includes the social dinner event.
Deadlines for fee payment: May 13th, 2024 (early) and 24th May, 2024 (late).
Registration deadline: May 24th, 2024. Places are limited.
Cancellation policy: 50% refund of the fee for cancellations before June 15th, 2024. To cancel please contact the organisers by email.
Call for abstracts: Junior participants to the Invisibles Workshop 2024 have the opportunity to apply for a poster and a short plenary talk presentation. Posters will be displayed for the full duration of the workshop, and dedicated poster sessions will be organised. The deadline for abstract submission is April 28th, 2024.
Childcare Service: The Invisibles24 Workshop provides a childcare service for a limited number of accompanying children between 3 and 7 years old. Request for this service can be asked during the registration. Please, contact the organisers if the accompanying child(ren) is (are) younger than 3 or older than 7, but you still require a childcare option, or for any other need related to your accompanying child(ren).
Local Organising Committee
Silvia Pascoli (chair)
Filippo Sala (co-chair)
Ilaria Brivio
Alessandro Granelli
Jaime Hoefken Zink
Michele Lucente
Scientific Organising Committee
Gabriela Barenboim
Vedran Brdar
Ilaria Brivio
Fiorenza Donato
Yasaman Farzan
Maria Gonzalez-Garcia
Alessandro Granelli
Pilar Hernandez
Jaime Hoefken Zink
Joerg Jaeckel
Michele Lucente
Olga Mena
Silvia Pascoli (chair)
Stefano Rigolin
Filippo Sala (chair of scientific programme)
Ryosuke Sato
Thomas Schwetz-Mangold
Management Team
Rebeca Bello Veiras
Scientific and local secretaries
Luca Brunelli
Andrea G. De Marchi
Carlos Garcia Sanchez
Pietro Ghedini
Diego Jimenez Sanz
Beatrice Magni
Simone Meoni
Elina Merkel
Alessia Musumeci
Contact: invisibles_workshop2024@lists.bo.infn.it
Invisibles24 logo realisation: V. Conti and A. Granelli. The letter V of the word INVISIBLES, also meant to recall the greek letter used to indicate neutrinos, is represented by a stylisation of the Garisenda and Asinelli towers, symbols of the city of Bologna. The grey semicircles on the back intersect in the middle to form a pointed arch, which is meant to recall the Porticoes of Bologna, recognised by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site (https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1650/). You can find the .pdf, .svg and high-resolution .png files of the logo at this link. Please, consider using one of these formats for your poster and/or presentation.
HIDDeN is a European ITN project (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019//860881-HIDDeN) focused on revealing the (a)symmetries we have yet to discover, hence hidden (a)symmetries, and the particles on which they act, in particular the invisible sector, made of neutrinos, dark matter and other elusive particles. It has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860881-HIDDeN”.
ASYMMETRY is a European Staff exchange program (HE-MSCA-SE-2022//101086085) investigating the essential asymmetries of Nature and CP violation in particle physics and cosmology. It has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Staff Exchanges (SE) grant agreement No 101086085-ASYMMETRY”.
The unique dimension-$5$ effective operator, $LLHH$, known as the Weinberg operator, generates tiny Majorana masses for neutrinos after electroweak spontaneous symmetry breaking. If there are new scalar multiplets that take vacuum expectation values (VEVs), they should not be far from the electroweak scale. Consequently, they may generate new dimension-$5$ Weinberg-like operators which in turn also contribute to Majorana neutrino masses. In this study, we consider scenarios with one or two new scalars up to quintuplet SU(2) representations. We analyse the scalar potentials, studying whether the new VEVs can be induced and therefore are naturally suppressed, as well as the potential existence of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons. Additionally, we also obtain general limits on the new scalar multiplets from direct searches at colliders, loop corrections to electroweak precision tests and the $W$-boson mass.
Constraints on dark sector particles decaying into neutrinos typically focus on their impact on the effective number of relativistic species, $N_{eff}$, in the early Universe. However, for heavy relics with longer lifetimes, constraints mainly arise from the photo-disintegration of primordial abundances. The high-energy neutrinos injected by the decay can interact with both the thermal neutrinos and other high-energy neutrinos. Among these interactions, annihilations into electromagnetic particles will induce an electromagnetic cascade that affects the abundances of the already formed light elements via photo-disintegration. In this work, we present constraints on these dark sector particles. Specifically, we implement a Monte Carlo code to simulate the electromagnetic cascade, instead of solving the full set of Boltzmann equations. We find improved bounds on the particle's lifetime, abundance, and mass.
The relic $\nu$ background (R$\nu$B) is the `holy grail’ of neutrino physics and it is also the only known Dark Matter subcomponent. Yet, it has so far escaped detection attempts, mainly due to the very low energies and very weak cross-sections involved in the detection channels. In this talk, I will describe the mechanism by which ultra high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, stored in cosmic reservoirs for $\sim$Gyr timescales, can upscatter the R$\nu$B to ultra-high energies. For sufficiently high overdensities of the R$\nu$B in the location of the source, which may potentially be induced by BSM effects, the up-scattered neutrino flux is within the reach of future UHE neutrino detection experiments (e.g. IceCube-Gen2 and GRAND) and distinguishable from other neutrino signals via its unique features such as its spectral shape and flavour composition. The non-detection of this flux at current UHE neutrino experiments sets the current most stringent bound on neutrino overdensities on the scales of galaxy clusters.
Neutrinos are among the most fascinating particles of the standard model (SM). We know very little about their nature and unveiling their secrets might be the key to broadening our understanding of nature. Despite being extremely elusive particles, they can undergo a process where their interaction cross-section with matter is enhanced by orders of magnitudes: this is Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering, also known as CE$\nu$NS. This process has proven to be a formidable tool for testing our understanding of particle physics, particularly within the realm of electroweak interactions.
In this presentation, I will exploit CE$\nu$NS data to present the state-of-the-art constraints on the neutrino charge radius, which the only neutrino electromagnetic property predicted to be non-zero in the standard electroweak theory [1].
Finally, I will show how the momentum dependence on the neutrino charge radius can be exploited to further constrain the allowed parameter space [2].
[1] arXiV: 2205.09484 - JHEP 09 (2022) 164
[2] arXiv 2402.16709 - accepted by JHEP
We investigate IceCube's ability to constrain the neutrino relic abundance using events from the recently identified neutrino source NGC1068. Since these neutrinos have large energies $\gtrsim$1 TeV and have propagated through large distances, they make a great probe for overabundances of the cosmic neutrino background.
The propagation of neutrinos from NGC1068 was simulated by solving a transport equation, which takes into account the SM neutrino-neutrino interactions. The final fluxes produced are then analysed using publicly released IceCube data. Our preliminary results indicate that IceCube is able to improve the current bounds on a relic neutrino overabundance by 3 orders of magnitude compared to current experimental bounds, i.e. to less than ~ $10^9$cm$^{-3}$ at the $2\sigma$ confidence level.
Neutrino oscillations are a nature given interferometer and as such is a door to better explore the quantum realm. In this work we address the question of how to compute the neutrino wavepacket width from first principles based on decoherence models. We show how the relevant parameters end up fixed solely by the mother particle interactions.
CMB and LSS measurements are placing the best upper bounds on the sum of the neutrino masses. Even more, a detection is currently promised by experiments such as EUCLID, which is already taking data. However, these results are model dependent and are relaxed if new physics in the neutrino sector exists. In this context, we present a framework to disentangle the different effects on neutrino masses on cosmology in a model independent manner. Finally, we present how do cosmological observations constrain each of these effects.
We explore the potential of neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decays to probe scalar leptoquark models that dynamically generate Majorana masses at the one-loop level. By relying on Effective Field Theories, we perform a detailed study of the correlation between neutrino masses and the $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life in these models. We describe the additional tree-level leptoquark contributions to the $0\nu\beta\beta$ amplitude with higher-dimensional operators, which can overcome the ones from the standard dimension-five Weinberg operator for leptoquark masses as large as $\mathcal{O}(500 \,{\rm TeV})$. In particular, we highlight a possibly ambiguity in the determination of neutrino mass ordering by only using $0\nu\beta\beta$ decays in this type of models. The interplay between $0\nu\beta\beta$ with other flavor measurements is also explored and we discuss the importance of properly accounting for the neutrino and charged-lepton mixing matrices in our predictions.
Abstract: This study delves into how quantum decoherence in neutrinos could influence the precision of standard oscillation parameter measurements in the DUNE and T2HK experiments. Our analysis suggests that the measurements of $\delta_\text{CP}$, $\sin^2\theta_{13}$, and $\sin^2\theta_{23}$ are notably affected in DUNE, more so than in T2HK. Conversely, DUNE exhibits a higher sensitivity to detecting decoherence effects compared to T2HK. By combining data from both experiments, we demonstrate the potential for achieving robust measurements of standard parameters, which may not be feasible with DUNE data alone.
The neutrino has a lifetime that is significantly longer than the Age of the Universe as it can only decay radiatively via loops with gauge bosons. However the presence of physics Beyond the Standard Model could induce 'visible' neutrino decay between neutrino mass eigenstates. This decay process could be identified in laboratory experiments as well as from astrophysical or cosmological observations. To study neutrino systems that involve both oscillation and decay two main formalisms have been developed---a density matrix approach and a phenomenological approach. In this work we present an analysis of both highlighting the physical effects captured by each framework.
We study the impact of the presence of heavy neutral leptons (HNL) on lepton flavour universality and electroweak precision observables (EWPO). In view of the increasing experimental sensitivity, we consider the one-loop contributions of the HNL to the several observables under scrutiny. We show the significance of next-to-leading order corrections to lepton flavour universality in $Z\to \ell\ell$ ratios and to the invisible Z decay width, in which the one-loop contributions can exceed the current experimental uncertainty. Furthermore, we discuss the complementarity between charged lepton flavour violating (cLFV) and EWPO, and emphasise on the key role of the invisible Z width to explore regimes with negligible to significant cLFV contributions.
I demonstrate the possibility to perform a parametrically improved search for gauged baryon ($B$) and baryon minus lepton ($B-L$) Dark Photon Dark Matter (DPDM) using auxiliary channel data from LISA Pathfinder. In particular I point out the use of the measurement of the differential movement between the test masses (TMs) and the space craft (SC) which is nearly as sensitive as the tracking between the two TMs. TMs and SC are made from different materials and therefore have different charge-to-mass ratios for both $B-L$ and $B$. Thus, the surrounding DPDM field induces a relative acceleration of nearly constant frequency. For the case of $B-L$, I show that LISA Pathfinder can constrain previously unexplored parameter space, providing the world leading limits in the mass range $4\cdot 10^{-19}\,\text{eV}$
We consider the scattering of low-mass halo dark-matter particles in the hot plasma of the Sun, focusing on dark matter that interact with ordinary matter through a dark-photon mediator. The resulting "solar-reflected" dark matter (SRDM) component contains high-velocity particles, which significantly extend the sensitivity of terrestrial direct-detection experiments to sub-MeV dark-matter masses. We use a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation to model the propagation and scattering of dark-matter particles in the Sun, including thermal effects, with special emphasis on ultralight dark-photon mediators. We study the properties of the SRDM flux, obtain exclusion limits from various direct-detection experiments, and provide projections for future experiments, focusing especially on those with silicon and xenon targets. We find that proposed future experiments with xenon and silicon targets can probe the entire "freeze-in benchmark", in which dark matter is coupled to an ultralight dark photon, including dark-matter masses as low as O(keV). Our simulations and SRDM fluxes are publicly available.
We propose a topological portal between quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and a dark QCD-like sector. Such a portal is present only for a unique coset structure after QCD confinement and it connects three QCD to two dark pions. When gauged, it is the leading portal between the two sectors, providing an elegant self-consistent scenario of light thermal inelastic dark matter. The inherent antisymmetrization due to a Wess–Zumino–Witten-like effective interaction leads to diminished annihilations at later times and suppressed direct detection. However, novel collider signatures offer tremendous prospects for discovery at Belle II.
Conversion-driven freeze-out is an appealing mechanism to explain the observed relic density while naturally accommodating the null-results from direct and indirect detection due to a very weak dark matter coupling. Interestingly, the scenario predicts long-lived particles decaying into dark matter with lifetimes favorably coinciding with the range that can be resolved at the LHC. However, the small mass splitting between the long-lived particle and dark matter renders the decay products soft, challenging current search strategies. We consider four different classes of searches covering the entire range of lifetimes: heavy stable charge particles, disappearing tracks, displaced vertices, and missing energy searches. We discuss the applicability of these searches to conversion-driven freeze-out and derive current constraints highlighting their complementarity. For the displaced vertices search, we demonstrate how a slight modification of the current analysis significantly improves its sensitivity to the scenario.
Models of inelastic (or pseudo-Dirac) dark matter commonly assume an accidental symmetry between the left-handed and right-handed mass terms in order to suppress diagonal couplings. Here we point out that this symmetry is unnecessary, because for Majorana fermions the diagonal couplings are in fact not strongly constrained. Removing the requirement of such an accidental symmetry in fact relaxes the relic density constraint, because additional annihilation modes can contribute, leading to larger viable parameter space. We discuss how the sensitivity of searches for both long-lived particles and missing energy signatures is modified in such a set-up, and explore the relevance of events with two long-lived particles.
Direct detection experiments lose sensitivity to light dark matter because of the small energy deposition in nuclear recoil events. Scenarios where dark matter is boosted to relativistic velocities thus provide a promising means to constrain sub-GeV dark matter particles. Cosmic-ray upscattering is a particularly appealing boosting mechanism as it does not require any assumptions beyond dark matter coupling to nucleons or electrons. However, observable signals are restricted to large cross sections which can only be realized with large couplings, light mediators or composite dark matter. Considering a general set of light mediators that couple dark matter to hadrons, we use data from Borexino, XENON1T, LZ and Super-K to show that existing constraints on such mediators exclude appreciable cosmic ray upscattering. This finding highlights the limited applicability of cosmic-ray upscattering and the importance of considering model dependence.
We compute the one-loop contribution to the $\bar \theta$-parameter of an axion-like particle (ALP) with CP-odd derivative couplings. Its contribution to the neutron electric dipole moment is shown to be orders of magnitude larger than that stemming from the one-loop ALP contributions to the up- and down-quark electric and chromoelectric dipolemoments. This strongly improves existing bounds on ALP-fermion CP-odd interactions, and also sets limits on previously unconstrained couplings. The case of a general singlet scalar is analyzed as well. In addition, we explore how the bounds are modified in the presence of a Peccei-Quinn symmetry.
The standard reheating process after inflation can be preceded by preheating, a phase where the oscillations of the inflaton field at the bottom of its potential lead to explosive production of particles via parametric resonance, potentially altering the history of the universe.
I will discuss an inflating modulus, coupled to an axion via a typical potential coupling coming from type iib string theory on Calabi-Yau orientifolds and explore the consequences of parametric resonance in the string axiverse.
CP-violating probes are among the most promising and yet relatively unexplored ways to look for Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) and to investigate their phenomenology. With this work we construct the most general effective Chiral Lagrangian describing the interactions of a light CP-violating ALP $\phi$ with mesons, baryons, leptons and photons at energies below the QCD confinement scale ($m_\phi < E < Λ_{\text{QCD}}$), both in a 2-flavors setting and in a 3-flavors one.
Starting from the most general dimension-5, $SU(3)_{c} × U(1)_{\text{em}}$ invariant effective Lagrangian for a CP-violating ALP at the electroweak (EW) scale, we provide the running of its Wilson coefficients down to the QCD one, where we discuss the matching conditions onto its chiral counterpart. We then report the minimal set of Jarlskog invariants measuring in a basis-independent way the amount of CP violation introduced by the theory at low energies, which can then be bounded by experiments and directly related to the Wilson coefficients of the EW-scale Lagrangian. The Feynman rules for the low-energy theory can be extracted directly from the FeynRules model we have constructed, which can be employed as well for future dedicated phenomenological analyses.
After discovering dark matter (DM) axions in a haloscope, follow-up experiments will be required to break the degeneracy between the axion coupling to photons and its local DM abundance. Since a discovery would justify more significant investments, I assess the ability of ambitious light-shining-through-a-wall (LSW) experimental designs to target the QCD axion band. The measurement of the axion mass through the haloscope discovery would allow one to choose a suitable magnetic field configuration to reach sensitivity at masses in the QCD axion band. I show that a wide range of well-motivated QCD axion models is accessible to such experiments, making it possible to determine whether axions are the dominant DM in the Universe. Since this represents the first concrete realization of a post-discovery experimental program, I comment on its challenges, as well as complementary experiments and future directions beyond LSW experiments.
In this talk we present a theoretical analysis of the $\theta$-dependence of $\alpha$-decay half-lives for heavy isotopes, which provides a method to explore axion dark matter. To test such effect, a setup has recently been constructed and installed at the Gran Sasso Laboratory, based on the $\alpha$-decay of Americium-241. This prototype experiment will allow us to explore a broad range of axion masses, setting competitive limits on the axion decay constant.
We study the role of an ultra-light primordial black hole (PBH) dominated phase on the generation of baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU) and dark matter (DM) in a type-I seesaw framework augmented by Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry which solves the strong CP problem. While the BAU is generated via leptogenesis from the decay of heavy right-handed neutrino (RHN) at the seesaw scale dictated by the PQ scale, DM can arise either from QCD axion or one of the RHNs depending upon the PQ scale. The ultra-light PBH not only affects the axion DM production via misalignment mechanism, but can also produce superheavy RHN DM via evaporation. Depending upon the PBH parameters and relative abundance of axion DM, axion mass can vary over a wide range from sub-$\mu$eV to sub-eV keeping the detection prospects promising across a wide range of experiments. While hot axions produced from PBH evaporation can lead to observable $\Delta N_{\rm eff}$ to be probed at future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments, stochastic gravitational waves (GW) produced from PBH density fluctuations can be observed at future detectors like CE, DECIGO, LISA and even future runs of LIGO-VIRGO.
Guided tour in the Bologna city center. Duration one hour and a half, departure from the workshop location, personal stuff can be left on the conference site and picked up after the tour/the day after, if needed.
We will discuss vorticity as an intrinsic property of highly-spinning black holes. The connection between vorticity and limiting spin represents a universal feature shared by objects of maximal microstate entropy, so-called saturons. Using Q-ball-like saturons as a laboratory for black holes, we study the collision of two such objects and find that vorticity can have a large impact on the emitted radiation as well as on the charge and angular momentum of the final configuration. As black holes belong to the class of saturons, we expect that the formation of vortices can cause similar effects in black hole mergers, leading to macroscopic deviations in gravitational radiation. This could leave unique signatures detectable with upcoming gravitational-wave searches, which can thereby serve as a portal to macroscopic quantum effects in black holes.
Among many mechanisms that produce particles via gravitational interactions, the production of particles from the expansion of the universe represents a simple and irreducible source of particles from the early universe, that can account for the present abundance of dark matter. Another feasible and interesting mechanism is to have a population of primordial black holes that, through evaporation, produce the correct amount of dark matter. Since these black holes can alter the cosmological history, inject entropy and emit particles on their own, they can non-trivially impact the graviational production of particles from the expansion and change the predicted fraction of dark matter. In this talk, I will discuss the interplay between these two mechanisms, while highlighting how the final abundance of dark matter changes in the presence of the primordial black holes. We discuss possible contraints and also investigate the possibility of the dark matter produced from the expansion to generate primordial black holes by gravitational collapse, thus providing a novel production mechanism for the latter.
Last year pulsar timing arrays unveiled the first detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background at nano-Hertz frequencies. The background could potentially arise from a population of merging supermassive black holes or – arguably even more exciting – an event in the early cosmos. In this talk, I will discuss the possibility that the recently measured signal stems from a phase transition that happened within the first second after the Big Bang. The specific focus of the talk will be under which conditions phase transitions in a dark sector can serve as an explanation compatible with constraints from precision cosmology. I will conclude with a comment on the question of the likelihood of a new physics explanation.
I will start by explaining why it is interesting and how one can quantise from first principles field theories living on the background of a bubble wall in the planar limit, i.e. a domain wall, with a particular focus on the case of spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. Using the tools I introduced, we can compute the average momentum transfer from transition radiation, which denotes the soft emission of radiation by a high-energetic particle passing across the wall, with a particular focus on the longitudinal polarisation of vector bosons. We find this latter one to be comparable to transverse polarisations in symmetry-breaking transitions with mild super-cooling, and dominant in broken to broken transitions with thin walls. Our results have phenomenological applications for the expansion of bubbles during first-order phase transitions. Our general framework allows for the calculation of any particle processes of interest in such translation breaking backgrounds.
High-Frequency Gravitational Waves (HFGWs) constitute a unique window on the early Universe as well as exotic astrophysical objects. If the current gravitational wave experiments are more dedicated to the low frequency regime, the graviton conversion into photons in a strong magnetic field constitutes a powerful tool to probe HFGWs. In this paper, we show that neutron stars, due to their extreme magnetic field, are a perfect laboratory to study the conversion of HFGWs into photons. Using realistic models for the galactic neutron star population, we calculate for the first time the expected photon flux induced by the conversion of an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the magnetosphere of the ensemble of neutron stars present in the Milky Way. We compare this photon flux to the observed one from several telescopes and derive upper limits on the stochastic gravitational wave background in the frequency range $10^{8}$ Hz - $10^{25}$ Hz. We find our limits to be competitive in the frequency range $10^{8}$ Hz - $10^{15}$ Hz.
With the first detection of gravitational waves in 2016 a new window on the observation of the Universe has been opened. This has made possible several new tests of general relativity, discoveries on the physics of black holes, and opened a new way of studying physics beyond the Standard Model. There is evidence that the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is not the ultimate description of nature as it cannot explain neutrino masses, dark matter, and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, gravitational waves could be one of the main tools to answer to this question.
So far, gravitational waves have been detected only at low frequencies: at nHz for the recent stochastic background, and 10-100 Hz from the observations of LIGO-VIRGO and KAGRA. Several works showed how it would be possible to get important new information relevant to theoretical particle physics and cosmology at higher frequencies, from MHz to GHz.
In this project we revisit the work "2000 Class. Quantum Grav. 17 2525” by A. M. Cruise, and discuss the validity of the geometrical optics approximation in electromagnetic detectors for very high-frequency gravitational waves
Radiative quarkonia decays offer an ideal setup for probing Axion-Like Particle (ALP) interactions. In this talk, we will present the results of our recent analysis of this type of processes including an updated set of new experimental searches. This analysis consists of a comprehensive study of the production channels in the process $e^+ e^- \to a \, \gamma$ in $B$- and Charm-factories, as well as all the different possible decay channels of the ALP. Several benchmarks are used such that the bounds obtained can be understood in terms of fewer parameters of the theory and highlight features of different UV completions.
We propose a novel realisation of leptogenesis that relies on the out-of-equilibrium decay of an axion-like particle (ALP) into right-handed Majorana neutrinos (RHN) in the Early Universe. With respect to thermal leptogenesis and for any RHN mass down to a TeV, our mechanism improves by a factor of $\sim100$ the tuning in the RHN mass splittings needed to reproduce the baryon asymmetry of the universe and neutrino masses. ALP leptogenesis requires $m_a > 10^{4}$ GeV and $f_a > 10^{11}$ GeV for the ALP mass and decay constant, and predicts an early period of matter domination by the ALP in parts of its parameter space.
We finally provide a viable supersymmetric realisation of ALP leptogenesis where the ALP is the $R$-axion, which accommodates GeV gravitino dark matter and predicts RHN below 10 TeV.
The generation of a mass for an axion-like-particle is a long-standing open issue. We propose a model where a GeV mass for this pseudo-scalar particle is predicted in a large portion of the parameter space due to the presence of explicit Peccei-Quinn symmetry-breaking terms in an exotic leptonic sector. The latter provides a solution to the muon $g-2$ anomaly, within the framework of the Linear Seesaw neutrino mechanism. The spectrum is extended by a complex scalar singlet only transforming under the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, which generates the axion-like-particle. Its couplings with fermions can continuously span over many orders of magnitude, which constitutes a specific feature of this model in contrast to generic ultraviolet constructions.
We consider an axion-like particle coupled to the Standard Model photons and decaying invisibly at Belle~II. We propose a new search in the $e^+e^-+\text{invisible}$ channel that we compare against the standard $\gamma+\text{invisible}$ channel. We find that the $e^+e^-+\text{invisible}$ channel has the potential to ameliorate the reach for the whole ALP mass range. This search leverages dedicated kinematic variables which significantly suppress the Standard Model background. We explore the implications of our expected reach for Dark Matter freeze-out through ALP-mediated annihilations.
Hot white dwarfs lose energy mainly in the form of neutrinos through plasmon decay from the inner part of the star. BSM physics can have visible contributions to the cooling of these compact objects. The aim of this study is to show how hot white dwarf cooling could be altered by a dark photon from the L_mu - L_tau model and explore these effects from ultra-light to heavy intermediators. This leads to very interesting constraints to this BSM model.
The tri-hypercharge proposal introduces a separate gauged weak hypercharge assigned to each fermion family as the origin of flavour. This is arguably one of the simplest setups for building “gauge non-universal theories of flavour” or “flavour deconstructed theories”, which are receiving increasing attention in recent years. Firstly, I will breafly introduce the tri-hypercharge proposal and show how fermion mass hierarchies and small quark mixing arise naturally in such a setup, correlated with a significant amount of meaningful phenomenology. Secondly, I will show how the aforementioned tri-hypercharge theory, along with a larger set of flavour deconstructed theories, may arise from a gauge unified “tri-unification” framework based on a $SU(5)^{3}$ gauge symmetry supplemented with a cyclic permutation symmetry that ensures a single gauge coupling at the GUT scale.
When the Dark Matter (DM) mass is higher than the temperature of the thermal bath, DM can produced via the freeze-in mechanism with coupling as high as $O(1)$. This leads to an observationally attractive scenario compared to the standard freeze-in couplings that are $O(10^{-10})$. In fact, it can be probed by direct detection experiments and at LHC.
We display this mechanism in the scalar DM case. We then present a UV-completed framework where the maximal SM temperature coincides with or is approximately the reheating temperature. We exemplify this in the case of the inflation primarily decaying into feebly interacting right-handed neutrinos.
The QCD axion is one of the most promising solutions to the Strong CP Problem. In Standard QCD axion models, axion solutions lie around a straight line, the so-called canonical QCD axion band. Recently, there have been numerous attempts to find QCD axion solutions away from the canonical band. In this talk, we show how such solutions naturally arise in a variety of UV models.
Option 1 for Talk / Poster: In this talk, we present a family-non-universal extension of the Standard Model where the first two families feature both quark-lepton and electroweak-flavour unification, via the $SU (4)\times Sp(4)_L \times Sp(4)_R \,$ gauge group, whereas quark-lepton unification for the third family is realised `a la Pati-Salam.
Via staggered symmetry breaking steps, this construction offers a natural explanation for the observed hierarchical pattern of fermion masses and mixings, while providing a natural suppression for flavour-changing processes involving the first two generations. If time permits, we will connect this work with an on-going project featuring flavour non-universality and Higgs compositeness.
Option 2 for Talk / Poster: In Effective Field Theories, evanescent operators are introduced to compensate for the breakdown of four-dimensional Dirac identities (e.g. Fierz Identities) when used in combination with dimensional regularization.
In this talk, we provide an alternative approach where contributions of evanescent operators are viewed as corrections to $d=4$ Dirac relations. This new perspective not only simplifies computations but provides a clearer understanding of the treatment of these evanescent contributions in the context of NLO change of operator bases.
We studied the Time reversal symmetry violation in a model-independent way for the long baseline experiments T2HK and DUNE. The theoretical framework allows us to find the energy bins that provide sensitivity for T-violation test. We then perform extensive numerical simulations on the appearance probabilities to testify our theoretical calculations. The measurement accuracy at the near detector and the better detector resolution significantly improve the $\chi^2$ analysis.
The topic of this talk will be a new inflationary model called ‘Loop Blow-Up Inflation’, first presented in 2403.04831. This model originates from string theory, by including string loop corrections in the potential of a blow-up Kähler modulus, a scalar field playing the role of the inflaton. The loop effects become dominant as soon as the inflaton is displaced from its post-inflationary minimum, giving rise to an inflationary potential with an inverse-power law behaviour. This talk will focus mostly on the post-inflationary history and reheating mechanisms predicted for different brane set-ups that realize the Standard Model. The predictions for the spectral index, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and dark radiation are in good agreement with CMB data.
We introduce a minimal setup to achieve dynamical inflection point inflation, utilizing a minimal framework. Our approach examines collider constraints on inflationary parameters using the same field composition. Specifically, we incorporate a dark SU(2)D gauge sector featuring a dark scalar doublet as the inflaton, accompanied by particle content akin to the Standard Model but with degenerate masses. This configuration facilitates the realization of multiple inflection points in the inflaton potential. Notably, all vector-like particles in the exotic content possess identical Standard Model charges, enabling the inflaton's decay into the visible sector for reheating the universe. Our study establishes a vital link between collider constraints and their implications for inflationary parameters.
Dinner will start with an aperitivo at 19:30, it will be at Villa Benni, Via Saragozza, 210, 40135 Bologna BO. Reachable from the conference site with a ~ 30’ walk (that goes through the porticos that are Unesco world heritage), ~ 10 minutes bike (lots of ridemovi bikes from the bikesharing available in the city center), ~ 20 minutes bus ride (e.g. number 20 or 38, google map does a good job). Aperitivo and desserts/drinks will be accompanied by jazz, folk and world music by VallesantaCorde http://vallesantacorde.de/