14th Cosmic-Ray International Studies and Multi-messenger Astroparticle Conference

Contribution List

98. Hadronic Interactions and Cosmic-Ray Physics: A Comprehensive Review of the Muon Puzzle

Dennis Soldin (University of Utah)

13/07/2026, 11:20

Review

Oral

Review

High-energy cosmic rays interacting in the Earth’s atmosphere produce extensive air showers that are observed by large ground-based detector arrays. The properties of the primary cosmic ray must be inferred indirectly from the secondary particles measured at the surface, a process that relies strongly on theoretical models of hadronic interactions during shower development. Over the past two...

36. Radio Detectors and their Applications in Astroparticle Physics

Prof. Frank Schröder (Bartol Research Institute, Departement of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware)

14/07/2026, 11:20

Review

Oral

Review

Radio detection of air showers has become a standard technique for indirect measurement of the highest energy Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays. Geomagnetic and Askaryan radio emission are detectable around the clock, and a number of radio arrays have achieved measurement accuracies for the arrival direction, energy and position of the shower maximum competitive with traditional optical...

31. Neutrino Astronomy: Current Status and Future Prospects

Juan Antonio Aguilar Sánchez (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

16/07/2026, 11:50

Review

Oral

Review

The detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory heralded the birth of neutrino astronomy, opening a new window onto the non-thermal Universe. Over the last years, IceCube has identified the first steady neutrino source emission, the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, as well as produced the first image of our own Milky Way captured with neutrinos. However, the...

11. UHE gamma-ray sources: New insights into the most extreme particle accelerators in our Galaxy

Gwenael Giacinti (APC Paris)

17/07/2026, 11:20

Review

Oral

Review

The origin of very-high-energy Galactic cosmic-rays is currently hotly debated. Their most powerful sources in our Galaxy, also called “PeVatrons”, are expected to accelerate particles up to rigidities of at least a few PV, and possibly beyond. Such sources should also produce ultra-high-energy (UHE) gamma-rays. Recent observations by the LHAASO experiment with > 100 TeV gamma-rays show that...

29. A joint KM3NeT-ARCA and ANTARES search for point-like neutrino sources

BARBARA CAIFFI (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

Neutrino telescopes provide a unique window into the most extreme and energetic phenomena in the Universe. The ANTARES detector, operational for 16 years in the Mediterranean Sea until 2022, pioneered deep-sea neutrino astronomy and established a solid foundation for future large-scale observatories. Its successor, the KM3NeT Observatory, currently under construction at two abyssal sites of...

46. A Multi-Detector Gammapy Framework for Neutrino Source Searches

Antonio Condorelli (University of Catania)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Poster

We present a multi-messenger study on potential neutrino sources based on a unified analysis framework built with gammapy and employing the instrument response functions of different neutrino telescopes. The approach incorporates the most recent estimates of atmospheric and astrophysical backgrounds, enabling a homogeneous comparison of detector sensitivities across energy ranges relevant...

21. A novel catalog of hard gamma-ray sources observed by Fermi-LAT above 10 GeV in 16 years

Pietro Monti-Guarnieri (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) continuously surveys the gamma-ray sky since its launch in 2008. Through the years, the FHL catalog series has been produced, using the LAT data at the highest energies to characterize hard gamma-ray sources. The last published installment in this series is 3FHL, based on 7.5 years of data above 10 GeV and reporting the detection of 1556 hard gamma-ray...

9. A possible origin of the ‘knee’ in the high energy cosmic rays spectrum due to the Galactic center black hole

Dmitriy Beznosko (Clayton State University)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Poster

It is well known that supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies are capable of accelerating charged particles to very high energies. In many cases, the particle acceleration by black holes occurs electromagnetically through an electric field induced by the source. We explore the acceleration of charged particles in the combined gravitational and magnetic field around a rotating black...

63. A proton-module for the PLUTO code: Augmenting proton-physics in RMHD flows to model multi-messenger emissions

Harshita Bhuyan (Indian Institute of Technology Indore India, Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Heidelberg)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Poster

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and their relativistic jets have been few of the most promising astrophysical environments for particle acceleration and multi-messenger emissions. Yet the composition of these relativistic jets is still an open question in astronomy. Different models for jet composition have been proposed, starting from leptonic models to hadronic and lepto-hadronic models. The...

42. A redshift distribution study of 1FLAT blazars and their CTAO detectability

Laura Fronte (University of Pisa)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Poster

We present a study of the redshift distribution of 421 candidate blazars from the [1FLAT catalog][1], identified among the unassociated γ-ray sources in the Fermi-LAT 4FGL-DR4 catalog using the open web platform [Firmamento][2].
The redshift analysis was performed using Firmamento, a web-based environment that provides public access to astronomical data from multiple telescopes, enabling...

72. Accelerating multi-messenger modeling of blazars with neural networks

Federico Testagrossa (DESY (Zeuthen))

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

Modeling the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of blazars with physically motivated models is computationally expensive, as it requires solving coupled differential equations numerically and scanning high-dimensional parameter spaces.
In this contribution I will present our recent application of machine learning to accelerate the evaluations of blazar SEDs. Our method relies on a neural...

54. AugerPrime: Improved Mass Composition Sensitivity at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Dr Carmina Pérez Bertolli (IGFAE)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

Understanding the origin and acceleration mechanisms of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays requires precise knowledge of their mass composition at the highest energies. A crucial step toward this goal is the capability to determine the primary particle mass on an event-by-event basis. For this reason, the Pierre Auger Observatory has undergone a major upgrade known as AugerPrime, designed to extend...

13. Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope overview: status 2026

Rastislav Dvornicky (Comenius University in Bratislava)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

Baikal-GVD is the largest neutrino telescope operating in the Northern Hemisphere. The detector consists of independent operational subarrays called clusters. The data collection is allowed by the design of the experiment while being in a construction phase. This contribution reviews the design and the basic characteristics of Baikal-GVD. Recent status of the detector after the winter...

83. Constraints across Redshift on High Energy Neutrino Emissivity

Alberto Galvez Ureña

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Poster

Despite growing statistics, the sources of most high energy neutrinos remain unknown. Here we present a tomographic approach that makes use of the angular, harmonic cross-correlation between IceCube data and galaxy surveys. If neutrino sources follow the Large Scale Structure (LSS), this cross-correlation will be non-zero and, if detected, it will determine how neutrino sources correlate with...

8. Construction completion and calibration progress of the DUCK (Detector of Unusual casKades) system modules

Dmitriy Beznosko (Clayton State University)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Poster

This presentation reports on the construction completion and calibration progress of DUCK (Detector system of Unusual Cosmic-ray casKades), a new cosmic-rays detector at the Clayton State University campus with ns-level detection resolution. The main scientific importance for the DUCK project will be to contribute to the approach of cosmic ray event analysis using the full waveform and...

10. Crystal Eye: A Next-Generation All-Sky Monitor for Short Gamma-Ray Bursts and MeV Transients

Dr Felicia Carla Tiziana Barbato (Gran Sasso Science Institute)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

Crystal Eye is a new concept of space-based all-sky monitor optimized for the detection of 10 keV – 30 MeV short (<8s) transients. It foresees enhanced localization capability in real-time and detection power of the astrophysical short-duration outburst phenomena with respect to other concurrent instruments. In order to enhance the understanding about these phenomena through simultaneous...

61. Current Status of the LHCf Experiment and Future Prospects with Proton-Oxygen Collisions

Andrea Paccagnella (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Elena Gensini (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Eugenio Berti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Oral

The main purpose of the Large Hadron Collider-forward (LHCf) experiment is to study the secondary particle spectrum in the very forward region of high-energy hadronic collisions at the LHC. The LHCf measurements play an important role in calibrating the hadronic interaction models used to simulate Extensive Air Showers (EAS), which originate from interactions between cosmic rays and...

1. Deeper analysis of FermiLAT unassociated 4FGL J2112.5-3043 for possible identification

Federica Giacchino (Universidad de Salamanca)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Poster

Unidentified gamma-ray sources in the Fermi-LAT catalog represent a key target for astroparticle studies, as they may host either conventional compact objects or more exotic scenarios such as dark matter (DM) subhalos. We present a detailed gamma-ray and multiwavelength investigation of 4FGL J2112.5−3043, a high-significance LAT source with no firmly established counterpart to date.

Using...

71. Direct Measurements of Galactic Cosmic Rays Status and Perspectives

Alberto Oliva (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

In recent years, particle physics detectors deployed in space and on balloon platforms have gathered unprecedented statistics on cosmic rays. These instruments have enabled direct, high-precision measurements of all charged cosmic-ray components (electrons, protons, nuclei, and antiparticles) across an extended energy range. This talk will review recent progress in the field and discuss its...

49. Divergent Pointing with CTAO: Performance and Science Prospects

Daniele Ambrosino (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

The next generation of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) will be represented by the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). With two arrays located in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, CTAO will provide full-sky coverage with unprecedented sensitivity over a broad energy range, from about 20 GeV to beyond 300 TeV.
The parallel pointing configuration, in which all...

18. Effects of the Galactic Magnetic Field on Observations of UHECR

Veronika Vašíčková (Bergische Universität Wuppertal)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

Understanding the origin of the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) requires explaining features of their energy spectrum and arrival directions. Currently, modeling approaches neglect the time evolution of UHECR observables in the galactic magnetic field (GMF). This study focuses on the influence of the GMF on the arrival direction and spectrum of UHECR observed on Earth, emphasizing...

99. Enabling Next-Generation Space-Borne Cosmic-Ray Experiments: Advanced Detectors, Superconducting Magnets, and Onboard AI for Intelligent Data Handling

Roberto Iuppa (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

Future space missions for direct cosmic-ray measurements demand a significant leap in detector performance, data handling capabilities, and power efficiency. This contribution provides an overview of the key enabling technologies for next-generation instruments, emphasizing the synergy between advanced detection systems, innovative magnet designs, and artificial intelligence for onboard data...

23. From Neutrinos to Gamma Rays: Identifying Steady and Transient Sources with CTAO and KM3NeT

Gloria Maria Cicciari (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Oral

Gamma-ray observations of astrophysical neutrino sources are crucial to understanding particle acceleration and neutrino production in extreme cosmic environments. The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), currently under construction, will cover 20 GeV–300 TeV, providing unprecedented sensitivity to both steady and transient gamma-ray emitters.

Within the CTAO Neutrino Target of...

6. Gamma-ray and neutrino emission from galaxy clusters hosting AGN

Dr Saqib Hussain (University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Poster

The origin of the diffuse neutrino and $\gamma$-ray backgrounds remains uncertain, with galaxy clusters hosting AGN considered promising contributors. We investigate the diffuse $\gamma$-ray and neutrino emission from the Virgo, Perseus, and Coma clusters using a self-consistent framework that combines three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with Monte Carlo modeling of...

80. Highlights from the Auger Engineering Radio Array

Simon Strähnz (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA), consisting of 153 stations over 17 km$^2$, was the largest radio detector for cosmic rays until the deployment of the Auger Radio Detector in 2024. Over the years it has helped to advance the understanding of air-shower radio emission and methods for its detection, and has thereby paved the way to the successful commissioning of its successor. In this...

95. IceCube results in the multimessenger context

Jessie Thwaites (Queen's University)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic kilometer detector instrumented in the ice at the South Pole and has been operating for over a decade. In 2013, IceCube first announced the detection of an astrophysical flux of neutrinos, but the source of most of those neutrinos remains unknown. Since then, IceCube has performed a number of searches for neutrinos from astrophysical sources. IceCube...

40. IceCube searches for high-energy neutrinos from gravitational-wave events in real time

Jessie Thwaites (Queen's University)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Oral

Merging compact objects are expected to be high-energy multi-messenger sources. During the merger, cosmic rays can be accelerated to high energies, and the subsequent interactions of these particles are expected to produce high-energy neutrinos. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory follows up all events detected by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational-wave detectors that are sent publicly in real...

92. IceCube Upgrade status and perspectives

Anna Eimer (ECAP, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory instruments one cubic kilometer of deep-glacial ice between 1500 and 2500 m below the surface at the geographic South Pole to detect neutrinos via Cherenkov radiation. This detector is responsible for a number of key observations in neutrino astrophysics, which include the discovery of a high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux and some neutrino sources such as...

84. Indirect dark-matter searches with gamma-rays experiments: status and future plans from 300 KeV to 100 TeV

Aldo Morselli (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Poster

Detection of gamma rays and cosmic rays from the annihilation or decay of dark matter particles is a promising method for identifying dark matter, understanding its intrinsic properties, and mapping its distribution in the universe. I will review recent results from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope and other space-based experiments, and highlight the constraints these currently place on...

69. International Masterclasses in Particle Physics and Global Cosmics Activities of the International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG)

Despina Hatzifotiadou

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

*The flagship activity of the International Particle Physics Outreach Group (IPPOG) is the International Masterclasses in particle physics. This very successful programme, addressed to high-school students, aims to inspire and motivate them by introducing them to the world of scientific research. Invited to a university or laboratory for the day, the students first follow lectures on particle...

93. Investigating the origin and the propagation of Galactic cosmic rays with LHAASO

Gwenael Giacinti (APC Paris)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a major facility in China. With its hybrid detection techniques (surface air shower array, underground muon detector array, water Cherenkov detector, and atmospheric Cherenkov telescope array), LHAASO has achieved an unprecedented sensitivity and precision in surveying the ultra-high-energy gamma-ray sky and measuring the spectra and...

4. Investigation of the diurnal variation of the cosmic ray flux with the POLA-R detectors of the Extreme Energy Events Project

Cristina Ripoli (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

The diurnal modulation in the galactic cosmic ray flux has been investigated by the three POLA-R scintillator telescopes of the Extreme Energy Events (EEE) Project, installed at Ny-Ålesund (79° N) in the Svalbard archipelago, employing a dataset collected by these detectors in the period 2019-2025. Evidence of a diurnal modulation, with an amplitude of the order of 0.1 % or less, was evidenced...

91. Large area Silicon Photo Multipliers mass production in the NUOVA OFFICINA ASSERGI

Lucia Consiglio (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Poster

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are increasingly replacing traditional
photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) due to several advantages, including high
sensitivity to single photons, resistance to strong magnetic fields,
excellent spatial resolution, high fill factor, and radiopurity. Widely
used in medical physics, their adoption is growing in rare-event
experiments such as dark matter searches...

77. Latest Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Valerio Formato (RM2)

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a precision particle physics detector operating on the International Space Station. Since 2011, AMS has collected more than 250 billion charged cosmic rays with energies up to multi-TeV. The high-precision measurements with ~1% accuracy have led to many surprising observations. The latest results on cosmic elementary particles (electrons, positrons,...

5. Latitudine dependence of Forbush events observed with the detectors of the Extreme Energy Events Project

Marika Rasà (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

Various Forbush events, a sudden decrease in the flux of galactic cosmic rays typically associated with intense solar flares and coronal mass ejections, have been observed by the detectors of the Extreme Energy Event (EEE) project. The network is composed of several telescopes utilizing diverse technologies, namely MRPC chambers and scintillators, situated across Italian territory, CERN, and...

89. Measurement of the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray spectrum with the full Phase I data set of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Francesco Salamida (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Oral

We report a measurement of the ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray spectrum based on the full Phase I data set of the Pierre Auger Observatory, corresponding to data collected from 2004 to 2022. The analysis combines the spectra independently reconstructed from two independent event sets from the surface array above 2.5 EeV, using a forward-folding approach to account for detector effects and to...

51. Measurements of cosmic rays with the SEM (Stratosphere's Environmental Monitoring) balloon experiment

Prof. Marco Schioppa (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Outreach and Open Data

Poster

The SEM project (Stratosphere's Environmental Monitoring) reproduced, in an educational format and using modern measuring instruments for ionizing particles, the assessment of the extraterrestrial nature of the cosmic radiation, the measurement of the Regener-Pfotzer peak [1-3] and the existence of particle showers postulated for the first time by Bruno Rossi in 1932 [4]. The experiment,...

76. Measuring the atmospheric muon zenith dependence with historical detectors: an outreach activity within the OCRA program

Dr Sandro Gonzi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Outreach and Open Data

Poster

Within the Outreach Cosmic Ray Activities (OCRA) program of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), high-school students are involved in hands-on experiments introducing them to experimental astroparticle physics.
We present an outreach activity in which students measure the atmospheric muon counting rate at ground level as a function of the zenith angle using Geiger–Müller...

82. Messengers from the Extreme Universe: Highlights from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Joerg Hoerandel (Radboud University Nijmegen)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Oral

Recent measurements of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays provide key insights into the most energetic phenomena in the Universe. The Pierre Auger Observatory, the world’s largest detector for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, combines a large surface array of particle detectors and radio antennas with fluorescence telescopes to study extensive air showers, produced by particles with energies above...

56. Model-independent selection of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons in Fermi-LAT data

Raffaella Bonino (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

Accurate measurements of the cosmic-ray electron and positron spectrum in the GeV–TeV energy range are essential to probe the existence of nearby astrophysical or exotic sources. However, existing measurements show discrepancies, particularly at TeV energies, where systematic uncertainties become more pronounced.

Previous Fermi-LAT analyses relied on supervised Machine Learning techniques...

38. Modeling Gamma-Ray Bursts Using CRISP

Ms Therese Paulsen (Bergische Universität Wuppertal)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Poster

Astrophysical neutrinos are a clear identifier of photohadronic interactions in sources of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). As the Pierre Auger Observatory has shown that UHECRs exhibit a composition heavier than protons at Earth, we expect that these heavy primaries undergo nuclear cascades due to photodisintegration in the dense source environments from which they originate.

In...

97. Multi-messenger Observations with IceCube/IceTop

Philipp Fürst

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Oral

A diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos was discovered by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in 2013. With the detection of neutrino emission from the galactic plane in 2023, two components have now emerged: galactic and extragalactic neutrino fluxes. Both have multimessenger connections to gamma rays and cosmic rays, with implications for processes inside and outside our galaxy. This...

81. Multi-Messenger Physics with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Karl-Heinz Kampert (Bergische Universität Wuppertal)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Oral

The Pierre Auger Observatory, operated continuously since 2004, is the world’s largest cosmic-ray detector. It is designed to study the most energetic particles in the universe, has a unique capability to detect ultra-high-energy photons and neutrinos, and is sensitive also to physics beyond the standard model of particle physics.
This contribution will present the methods developed by the...

90. Multi-messenger search of neutrino sources

Walter Winter (DESY)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Oral

We discuss the observation of astrophysical neutrinos in the multi-messenger context. For example, an interesting test environment for multi-messenger observations are AGN systems, in which neutrinos can be produced at different sites, and even UHECRs may be accelerated. I also discuss the relationship to recent measurements, such as that of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux and the...

43. Neutrino and gamma-ray emission from Galactic Cosmic Rays

Daniele Gaggero (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

I present a comprehensive modeling based on DRAGON and HERMES of both local charged CR spectra and diffuse gamma-ray emission across six orders of magnitude - from GeV to PeV - and discuss how the models confront the multi-wavelength data available, with particular emphasis on Fermi-LAT and LHAASO data. I describe the details of cosmic-ray transport and I consider two different transport...

75. OCRA - A Scientific Method Engagement Program

Maria Rita Coluccia (INFN Lecce)

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

OCRA (Outreach Cosmic Ray Activities) is a project that aims to introduce young people to the scientific method through atmospheric muon measurements using instrumentation connected to the INFN's experiments. Today, OCRA is active in 23 INFN sites, involving thousands of students throughout Italy with in-person activities and online events.
In this contribution we will describe in detail the...

88. OCRA outreach activities on cosmic muons @ Trento: underground measurements and mountain excursions with high-school students

Francesco Maria Follega (Università di Trento)

Outreach and Open Data

Poster

OCRA (Outreach Cosmic Ray Activities) is an INFN outreach program designed to introduce students to the scientific method through experimental activities on cosmic radiation. Within this framework, we developed in Trento an educational path on atmospheric muons, involving high-school students in a series of hands-on measurements carried out both underground and at high altitude, with the...

14. Open Science in High-Energy Astrophysics: The Fermi-LAT Experience

Dario Gasparrini (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

Since one year after its 2008 launch, data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) have been made publicly available under the open data policy of NASA. This early commitment to open science, combined with the continuous development and release of public analysis tools and frameworks (e.g., Fermipy), has enabled researchers worldwide to promptly access, analyze, and interpret...

35. Open-Access Neutrino Astronomy with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory

Chiara Bellenghi (Technical University of Munich)

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

The centrality of multi-messenger astronomy in advancing our understanding of the Universe has grown rapidly over the past decade, with neutrinos offering unique insights into otherwise hidden regions and processes. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is committed to making neutrino astronomy openly accessible, focusing on reproducibility, real-time data, and community engagement. This...

50. Optimizing CTAO Observations of GRBs in the Multi-Messenger Era

Daniele Ambrosino (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Poster

The Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) will play a key role in time-domain and multi-messenger astrophysics, providing rapid and sensitive observations of transient very-high-energy gamma-ray sources. Among these, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) -- particularly short GRBs -- are of special interest due to their association with compact binary mergers and gravitational-wave events. Being...

65. Outreach at DESY: Engaging the Public in Astroparticle and Multimessenger Physics

Federico Testagrossa (DESY (Zeuthen))

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

This talk will present the outreach program at DESY in Zeuthen (Germany), highlighting how activities are planned, coordinated, and carried out by the team. It will provide insights into what drives DESY’s outreach efforts and the approaches used to engage diverse audiences. To illustrate these efforts in the field of astroparticle and multimessenger physics, two examples will be discussed:...

73. Photon searches at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Costanza Marinelli (Gran Sasso Science Institute, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

The Pierre Auger Observatory is currently the leading facility for the study of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, providing unmatched exposure to photons with energies above $5\times10^{16}$ eV. Over the past two decades of operation, extensive searches for high-energy photons have been carried out using the hybrid detection system of the Observatory.
These studies have established the most...

60. Photons and Neutrinos from Supernova Remnants

Joshua Ziegler (Naval Research Laboratory)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Poster

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are believed to be a prominent engine for accelerating nuclei to produce cosmic rays. When these accelerated nuclei interact with stationary protons, they can produce charged pions, which decay into charged leptons and neutrinos. Because the neutrino emission can be directly traced back to the SNR source, comparisons between the neutrino and photon fluxes offer an...

79. Physical Properties and Unexpected Supermassive Black Hole Growth in the Early Universe

Eugenio Bottacini (University of Padova & Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Poster

Constraining the physics of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the early Universe remains challenging, but blazars, with their jets pointed toward Earth, offer valuable insights. We present the analysis of the blazar MG3 J163554+3629 at redshift 3.65, corresponding to when the Universe was ~1.7 billion years old. Using multiwavelength data, particularly including high-energy observations from...

68. Post-merger Echoes of Supermassive Black Hole Coalescence

Eugenio Bottacini (University of Padova & Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Oral

As galaxies merge, the eventual coalescence of their central supermassive black holes generates gravitational waves. It will take decades before specialized observatories capable of detecting gravitational radiation become operational, thereby providing the tools to study the coalescence of supermassive black holes. Yet, it is currently possible to detect the effects of the coalescence...

16. Probing the Galactic Cosmic Ray Distribution Through Observations of the Very-High-Energy Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission

Luis Enrique Espinosa Castro (Gran Sasso Science Institute - LNGS)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

Recently, the LHAASO Collaboration has released the highest-energy measurements of the diffusive gamma-ray flux, offering the opportunity to study the spatial distribution and energy spectrum of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in the TeV-PeV sky through a multi-messenger approach. In addition, high-precision observations of the CR proton, helium and all-particle fluxes across the spectral feature...

53. Public engagement and science communication activities of the INFN

Pierluigi Paolucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

The Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) has a long tradition of public engagement and science communication aimed at strengthening the relationship between fundamental research and society.
Introducing fundamental physics to younger generations requires educational experiences that go beyond traditional classroom teaching. In recent years, several initiatives have been developed to...

17. Pulsar environments and their contributions to cosmic rays at the highest energies

Alison Mitchell

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

Recent progress in very high energy gamma-ray astronomy has revealed an unexpectedly large population of gamma-ray sources above 100 TeV. These gamma-rays are produced through the interactions of particles with PeV energies, with many of these sources associated with energetic pulsars in our galaxy.
Whilst pulsars are known to produce copious amounts of electrons and positrons, a...

94. Recent Cosmic-Ray Physics Results from IceTop

Ms Lilly Pyras (DESY Zeuthen)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Oral

The IceCube Observatory combines a cubic-kilometer-scale deep-ice detector with the surface array IceTop, which measures extensive air showers induced by cosmic rays. High-energy muons produced in these showers penetrate deep into the ice and are detected by the in-ice array. Together, these complementary components enable detailed studies of cosmic rays in the PeV to EeV energy range,...

55. Recent Results from the JUNO Experiment

Vanessa Cerrone (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a reactor neutrino experiment located in South China. JUNO’s primary objective is to determine the neutrino mass ordering and precisely measure three oscillation parameters, $\Delta m_{31}^{2}$, $\Delta m_{21}^{2}$, and $\sin^2\theta_{12}$, opening a new era of precision neutrino oscillation physics. JUNO detects electron antineutrinos...

32. Reconstruction of mass-sensitive observables of air showers with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory using neural networks

Steffen Hahn (KIT - IAP)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest hybrid detection facility dedicated to the study of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). At these extreme energies, cosmic rays offer a unique window into the most energetic astrophysical processes. However, since the UHECR flux is very low, they can only be indirectly observed through the extensive air showers they initiate when...

15. Results from ten years of DAMPE in space

Ivan De Mitri (GSSI & INFN)

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

The space-based DAMPE (DArk Matter Particle Explorer) detector has been taking data since its successful launch in December 2015. Since then it has been in stable operation collecting very high quality data on the main components of the cosmic radiation above a few GeV and reaching, for some components, the PeV scale.
The main scientific goals of the mission include the indirect search for...

87. Results on observations from over a decade of measurements with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station (ISS).

Caterina Checchia (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high-energy astroparticle physics experiment designed by a Japanese-Italian-US collaboration that has been operating continuously and nearly flawlessly on the International Space Station (ISS) since October 2015. Utilizing a deep, hybrid calorimeter, the mission records approximately 20 million events above 10 GeV per month to precisely measure...

20. Satellite-based gamma-ray astrophysics with a highly compact, polarization-sensitive detector composed of oriented crystals

Pietro Monti-Guarnieri (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Poster

High-density and high-Z crystals are a key element of most detectors used to observe High Energy (HE) $\gamma$-rays and cosmic rays from space, such as Fermi-LAT and DAMPE. The lattice structure of these materials is usually ignored in the instrument design, simulation and calibration, but recent studies have shown that this is a rough approximation, since photons and e$^\pm$ with an energy...

39. Search for dark matter annihilation from extragalactic point sources with IceCube

Ruohan Li (Technical University of Munich)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Poster

High-energy neutrinos provide a unique probe of dark matter (DM) from remote environments. This study investigates the hypothesis that the DM density 'spike' region formed in the vicinity of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) has an enhanced annihilation rate. To overcome the lack of observed halo parameters ($M_{vir}, r_s$) of extragalactic DM halos and bridge the gap with the observable...

44. Searches connected with the detection of the KM3-230213A event

Antonio Condorelli (APC/CNRS)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

The KM3NeT infrastructure comprises two detectors currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea: KM3NeT/ARCA, designed for the study of high-energy cosmic neutrinos, and KM3NeT/ORCA, optimized for neutrino oscillation studies. The two detectors are already actively taking data, providing competitive results. On February 13th, 2023, the KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino telescope detected the most...

78. Searches for Lorentz Invariance Violation at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Dr Caterina Trimarelli (GSSI - LNGS INFN)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

Lorentz Invariance (LI) states that the structure of space-time is identical for all observers. However, several quantum gravity models suggest that this symmetry could be violated when approaching the Planck scale. Even a small violation of LI could significantly affect the propagation of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) over cosmological distances. Moreover, at the extreme energies...

57. Selecting Hadronic Supernova Remnants for Targeted Galactic Neutrino Searches

Emily Simon (University of Chicago)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

Neutrinos provide unambiguous evidence of cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration in supernova remnants (SNRs), as they are produced exclusively in hadronic interactions. Detecting neutrinos from a SNR would offer direct confirmation of CR proton interactions and energy distributions. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive survey of Galactic SNRs to identify the most promising hadronic candidates. For...

86. Solar-Cycle Modulation of Quiet-Sun Gamma-Ray Emission Observed by Fermi-LAT

Silvia Raino' (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

The steady-state gamma-ray emission from the quiet Sun originates from interactions of Galactic cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere and radiation fields. This emission consists of two components: a hadronic disk emission produced in the solar photosphere and an extended inverse-Compton component generated by cosmic-ray electrons scattering solar photons in the inner heliosphere. Both...

30. Status and expected performance of the SiPM camera upgrade for the prototype Schwarzschild–Couder Telescope

Serena Loporchio (University and INFN Bari)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

The prototype Schwarzschild–Couder Telescope (pSCT), installed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, serves as a technological pathfinder for next-generation imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Its dual-mirror Schwarzschild–Couder optical design enables a compact focal plane and fine imaging scale, fully exploiting the capabilities of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) sensors for...

45. Status and perspectives of the SWGO observatory

Andrea Chiavassa

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

The Southern Wide field of view Gamma ray Observatory is a proposed next-generation ground-based array to search for high energy gamma-ray sources in the Southern hemisphere sky. SWGO will be capable of mapping the Southern sky from several 100 GeVs to a few PeV, looking for extended sources and transients, providing complementary observations to existing ground-based surveys and to...

96. Status of CTAO-LST array and main results from LST-1

Alessandro Carosi

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

The Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) are the 23-m-diameter telescopes that will form the core of the forthcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) in the northern hemisphere. Thanks to their large effective area, these instruments are best suited for high-sensitivity observations in the energy band below 100 GeV. The first prototype of LST (LST-1) was inaugurated on La Palma, Canary...

67. Status of PEPS

Mateo Fernandez Alonso

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

The Probing Extreme PeVatron Sources (PEPS) project aims to detect gamma-ray sources in the energy range between 1-50 PeV, opening a window onto the highest-energy electromagnetic radiation from our Galaxy. PEPS will consist of an array of double-layered water-Cherenkov particle detectors placed over an area of 10 km² with a first stage of 2 km² to be built in the next years. It will be...

25. TAMBO and Cosmic-Ray Opportunities of the TAMBITO Demonstrator Array

Jeffrey Lazar (Université Catholique de Louvain)

Astrophysical Neutrinos

Oral

While IceCube has measured the flux of astrophysical neutrinos at energies up to several PeV, much remains to be discovered regarding their origin and nature. The Tau Air-Shower Mountain-Based Observatory (TAMBO), comprising 5000 particle detectors deployed in a steep valley, offers a cost-effective method for detecting supra-PeV neutrinos. TAMBO is specifically designed to detect tau...

26. Testing Cosmic-Ray Propagation Scenarios with AMS-02 and Voyager Data

Elena Orlando (University of Trieste/Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and Stanford University)

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

Based on AMS-02 and Voyager cosmic-ray (CR) measurements, we have tested and revised various CR propagation scenarios under standard assumptions: pure diffusion, diffusion with convection, diffusion with reacceleration, and diffusion with reacceleration and convection. We report on the performance of these scenarios against CR measurements, aiming to minimize the number of model parameters as...

3. The 2025 PolarquEEEst mission: measuring cosmic rays from Italy to Norway with the involvement of students along the route

Cristina Ripoli (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment is a large network of eco-friendly gas and scintillator-based muon telescopes built to detect Cosmic Rays. The EEE Project has been conceived to support both scientific research and educational activities. The main goal is to immerse students in a wide variety of experiences that highlight the many facets of scientific research, from detector...

52. The anisotropy studies of highest-energy cosmic rays as measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Katarína Šimková (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Université Libre de Bruxelles)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

The Pierre Auger Observatory spans $3\,000\,\text{km}^2$ near Malargüe, Argentina, and serves as the only facility in the southern hemisphere to observe ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), the most energetic particles known. Three triangular arrays of water Cherenkov detectors spaced by $1\,500\,$m, $750\,$m and $433\,$m are used to measure the extensive air showers initiated by primaries...

34. The ASTRI gamma-ray air-Cherenkov experiment: status of the project

Giovanni Pareschi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Oral

The ASTRI Mini-Array is a next-generation ground-based gamma-ray experiment being built at the Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife, Canary Islands). It aims to explore the largely uncharted 0.5–300 TeV energy range with exceptional angular and spectral performance. The array includes nine identical 4-meter class imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), each featuring the dual-mirror...

27. The Asymmetric Gamma-Ray Emission from the Quiet Sun seen by Fermi-LAT

Elena Orlando (University of Trieste/Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and Stanford University)

Gamma Ray Astronomy

Poster

The Fermi Large Area Telescope regularly observes continuous emission of gamma rays from the Sun. Gamma rays from the non-flaring Sun are produced by continuous bombardment of Galactic cosmic rays. By using 14 years of Fermi LAT data above 5 GeV, we study the morphology of the solar emission and how the high-energy photons are distributed in the solar disk in time over the solar cycle. This...

74. The Cherenkov Camera of the POEMMA-Balloon with Radio Mission: System Design and Performance

Marco Mese (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

Observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and astrophysical neutrinos from sub-orbital altitude can be achieved by exploiting the optical emission that extensive air showers produce as they propagate through the atmosphere.

PBR (POEMMA-Balloon with Radio) is a NASA super-pressure balloon mission that builds on this detection principle to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and...

58. The First Flight of the GAPS Antarctic Balloon Experiment

Gabriel Bridges (Columbia University)

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

The nature of dark matter remains one of the most pressing mysteries in modern physics. Efforts to probe this mystery using cosmic signals have been hampered by large and uncertain astrophysical backgrounds across many detection channels. More than 25 years ago, low-energy (kinetic energy $\lesssim1\,$GeV/n) cosmic-ray antideuterons ($\overline{\mathrm{d}}$) were proposed as a unique...

2. The GRAPES-3 Experiment: Instrumentation and Recent Scientific Results

Hari Haran Balakrishnan (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Oral

The GRAPES-3 experiment, located in Ooty, India, consists of an array of 400 plastic scintillator detectors spread over an area of 25,000 m² and a 560 m² tracking muon telescope, operating since year 2000. Together, these instruments enable the detection of extensive air showers in the 1 TeV – 10 PeV energy range and the measurement of the angular flux of muons with energies above 1 GeV,...

70. The NUSES space mission

Pierpaolo Savina (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Poster

NUSES is a satellite mission currently under development with the goal of testing new technologies and observational methods for the study of cosmic radiation from space. The mission hosts two payloads with different scientific objectives: Zirè and Terzina. Zirè is dedicated to the observation of low-energy cosmic and gamma rays, space weather, and magnetosphere–ionosphere–lithosphere...

28. The Ordered Magnetic Field in the Galactic Halo from Planck data

Elena Orlando (University of Trieste/Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and Stanford University)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

The Galactic halo magnetic field strongly affects the propagation and deflection of high-energy cosmic rays, yet its strength is still uncertain. We constrain the ordered halo field through self-consistent modeling of cosmic-ray propagation and synchrotron polarization, comparing large-scale models with Planck 30 GHz data. Exploring different cosmic-ray halo sizes, we find a toroidal ordered...

33. The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE).

Shreya Sharma (Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN))

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a future-generation underwater Cherenkov detector that aims to detect high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. Planned to be deployed off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. The deployment is being facilitated and maintained by the existing oceanic infrastructure of opto-electric cables at the Cascadian Basin of the Pacific Ocean, operated...

64. The PBR mission: a pathfinder for space-based multi-messenger astrophysics

Beatrice Panico (University of Naples Federico II - INFN Sez. Napoli)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Oral

The POEMMA Balloon with Radio (PBR) mission represents a fundamental step toward future space-based multi-messenger observatories. It aims to measure ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray showers with energies greater than 10^18 eV, to observe high-altitude horizontal air showers (HAHAs) with energies above the cosmic-ray knee, and to search for very-high-energy neutrinos. It will also serve as a...

48. The Radio Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Julian Rautenberg (Bergische Univ. Wuppertal)

Innovative Detectors and Data Handling Techniques

Oral

With the AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory,
all 1660 surface detector stations have been equipped with a radio antenna
to measure extensive air showers in the 30–80 MHz band.
This Radio Detector (RD), covering an area of 3000 km$^2$, is the world’s largest cosmic-ray radio detector
focusing on inclined air showers with zenith angles above 60 degree and energies above 4...

59. The status and evolution of the open dataset of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Lukas Nellen (ICN-UNAM)

Outreach and Open Data

Poster

The Pierre Auger Observatory has been taking data for more than 20 years. In this time, it has collected the world's largest dataset on ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The Open Data Portal has been available since 2021. It currently hosts 10% of the data of the first phase of the Observatory, from 2004 to 2022, corresponding to the period in which the Observatory operated with the original...

41. The status of HELIX (High Energy Light Isotope eXperiment)

Nahee Park

Cosmic Rays Direct

Oral

HELIX is a balloon-borne experiment designed to measure the chemical and isotopic abundances of light cosmic-ray nuclei from protons up to neon with event-by-event mass resolution better than 3 %. Through a multi-staged payload approach, HELIX aims to measure the propagation of the clock isotope 10^Be over the energy range from 0.1 GeV/n to 10 GeV/n. These measurements will contribute to...

12. The Telescope Array Experiment: Overview and Recent Results

Eiji Kido

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Oral

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment has been observing ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) using a surface detector array and fluorescence detector stations in Utah, USA, since 2008. TA is the largest UHECR observatory in the Northern Hemisphere and has been continuously expanded to extend its energy coverage toward both lower and higher energies. These extensions include the TA Low Energy...

37. Tracing high-energy interactions in the Universe with a multimessenger approach

Denise Boncioli (University of L'Aquila and INFN)

Multi-messenger Astroparticle

Oral

The existence of astrophysical neutrinos has been firmly established in the past decade. Possible connections of high-energy neutrinos with astrophysical sources have been found by IceCube, and theory studies have been improving in explaining these connections. The recent measurement by Km3Net reporting about an exceptionally high-energy event has contributed to the excitement in the field,...

47. Tracing the origins of the highest-energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through the Galactic magnetic field

Marta Bianciotto (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

Identifying the origins of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays continues to be a primary objective in high-energy astrophysics. While anisotropies in their arrival directions offer a primary pathway to source identification, the intervening Galactic and intergalactic magnetic fields induce significant deflections that mask their true points of origin. In this study, we backpropagate a dataset of 40...

85. UHECRs, The Spherical Harmonic Way

Shayoni Panja

Cosmic Rays Indirect

Poster

The origin of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) remains unknown. There have been multiple efforts towards solving this mystery, but a few key issues prevail. In particular, the unknown deflections by the galactic magnetic fields have been a major roadblock. It has been suggested that spherical harmonic techniques can be used to mitigate this problem. In my work, I run detailed cosmic ray...

7. Use of Local AI with RAG in Physics Education for Open Educational Materials Generation

Dmitriy Beznosko (Clayton State University)

Outreach and Open Data

Oral

The use of AI is getting more widespread in education. With that, two large concerns with using AI for education are raised - the safety of students’ data and the AI missing specific knowledge about the given class. Retrieval Augmented Generation provides the user with the way to feed their data to the locally run LLM model (using Ollama framework or) as a context for the generation of the OER...