We review the recent advances in the understanding of sources of high frequency gravitational waves and how to detect them. Searches for gravitational waves share much in common with searches for wave-like dark matter. We will highlight similarities and differences.
We report the observation of the Axion quasiparticle in the condensed matter system, 2D MnBi2Te4. Its electronic properties feature a nonzero theta angle that relates electric and magnetic fields within the material. We observed coherent oscillation of this theta angle in real time at a frequency of 44 GHz by exciting a specific magnetic coherent mode (the out-of-phase antiferromagnetic...
ADMX-EFR (Axion Dark Matter eXperiment with Extended Frequency Range) will significantly scale up existing ADMX capabilities. To date, ADMX setups have probed the largest fraction of QCD dark matter axion parameter space at DFSZ sensitivity, using resonant conversion of dark matter axions to photons in a high-Q resonant cavity. ADMX-EFR will use a coherently power combined array of 18...
LUX-ZEPLIN(LZ) is a direct detection dark matter experiment located nearly a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. Employing a dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) containing 7 tonnes of active xenon surrounded by veto systems, LZ offers world-leading sensitivity in detecting Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a highly...
While there is an abundance of experiments searching for axion dark matter (DM) via its electromagnetic coupling, there are fewer utilizing its derivative coupling to electrons and nucleons. This direct coupling generates dynamical effects through the fermion spin, and therefore spin-polarized targets are a naturally useful target. We propose using spin-polarized or magnetized analogs of...
CRESST-III (Cryogenic Rare Event Search with Superconducting Thermometers) is an experiment located at the LNGS underground laboratories in Italy, focused on the direct detection of low-mass dark matter particles via their scattering off nuclei in cryogenic detectors, using multi-target materials such as CaWO$_4$, Al$_2$O$_3$, LiAlO$_2$, and Si.
CRESST-III has the best sensitive calorimeters...
We present the first results for a new microwave cavity haloscope based in Mainz, Germany. Over the past 2 years the experiment has been planned, constructed and now yields the first result in the search for dark photons within a frequency range of approximately 0.1 MHz centered around 8.47 GHz.
This result has been achieved by using a NbN-coated superconducting cavity, which differs...
Ultralight dark matter, such as from dark photons or axion-like particles, can produce a coherent oscillating magnetic field signal at the Earth's surface, arising from the boundary conditions of the conductive Earth and the ionosphere. The Search for Non-Interacting Particles Experiment (SNIPE) Hunt collaboration utilizes a network of magnetometers placed in RF quiet locations to detect these...
We present the first experimental study of the “beehive” haloscope recently proposed in [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.06627]. Extending the haloscope detection technique toward the post-inflationary mass range ($>4$ GHz) suffers from the $d\nu/dt \propto \nu^{-6}$ scaling. The proposed array geometry evades the sensitivity degradation by employing an arbitrary number of overlapping cylindrical...
Axion-like particles (ALPs) arise from well-motivated extensions to the Standard Model and could account for dark matter. In the Milky Way, ALP dark matter constitutes a field oscillating at an as yet unknown frequency. We directly search for such particles through the nucleon interaction. We interfere the signals of two atomic K-3He comagnetometers situated in Mainz, Germany, and in Krakow,...
The search for ultralight boson dark matter and high-frequency gravitational waves has widely employed electromagnetic resonant detectors, such as cavities and LC circuits. This talk will highlight recent experimental advancements within the SHANHE Collaboration using superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities for detecting dark photon dark matter and investigating galactic dark photons....
The Any Light Particle Search (ALPS II) expects an axion-photon reconversion rate of 1 photon per day, setting an upper limit for the required background in the foreseen Transition Edge Sensor (TES) based experiments. We present two distinct software and hardware based approaches contributing to achieving this goal: i) discriminating background events using state-of-the-art machine learning...
The Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center, led by Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, is one of five research centers funded by the U.S. Department of Energy as part of a national initiative to develop and deploy the world’s most powerful quantum computers and sensors. SQMS will also apply the same technologies used for quantum computing, such as SRF cavities and...
Compact objects such as neutron stars possess some of the strongest electric and magnetic fields in the observed universe. Non-thermal electromagnetic emission from neutron stars is sourced in regions with accelerating electric fields, $\vec{E} \cdot {\vec{B}} \ne 0$. These regions are also very efficient axion factories. Once produced, axions may (1) convert to photons, giving rise to...
We present the results of the search for dark photons using superconducting qubits based on the method which has been recently proposed (Moroi+, Phys. Rev. Lett.'23). Wave-like dark matter such as axions and dark photons can induce an electric field via the small kinetic mixing with ordinary photons. This electric field excites a superconducting qubit when it is in resonance. Thus, a...
A consequence of QCD axion dark matter being born after inflation is the emergence of ultra-small-scale substructures known as miniclusters. Although miniclusters merge to form minihalos, their intrinsic granularity is expected to remain imprinted on small scales in our galaxy. However, encounters with stars will tidally strip mass from the miniclusters, creating pc-long tidal streams that act...
Identifying the arrival direction of wavy dark matter is important after finding a signal of it. In particular, dish antenna experiments aim to detect sharp radio signals converted from dark photon or axion at the boundary of the electromagnetic field, e.g., metal plate converter. We expect to understand the mass and coupling constants of the wavy dark matter when we find the conversion radio...
Dark photon is one of the candidates for cold dark matter, predicted by a part of string theories and high-scale inflation models. Dark photons interact with ordinary photons via tiny kinetic mixing with them. Owing to this interaction, the dark photons convert into millimeter-wave light at the electromagnetic boundaries, such as the surface of a metal plate. The frequency of the conversion...
The RADES collaboration has been exploring different haloscope designs to improve the sensitivity to relic axions in certain masses. From multicavities, to increase volume at higher frequencies, to superconducting tapes, to achieve high quality factors, several technologies are being tested in order to increase the reach of conventional haloscope strategies.
One of the most promising...
Several ideas are proposed utilizing superconducting qubits in dark photon searches such as the single photon counter, direct excitation, and cavity tuning with superconducting qubits. Here, we introduce activities to operate qubits in a strong magnetic field to expand these dark photon searches to axion searches. In particular, we discuss our strategy to tolerate a strong magnetic field from...
In the quest to improve the analysis procedure for dark matter (DM) axion searches in haloscope experiments, we propose integrating deep learning (DL) techniques into the current methodology. Specifically, as a first step towards full DL integration in the procedure, we aim to show the well-known Savitzky-Golay filter used for spectral shape removal can be replaced by a deep convolutional...
WISPLC is a direct Dark Matter detection experiment located in Hamburg, Germany, looking for Weak-interacting sub-eV particles in a previously unexplored parameter space between 10-11 and 10-6 eV, using the lumped element technique. This consists of a pickup loop capturing the induced flux of converted axion-like particles in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field with the signal...
A collaboration between CNRS-Grenoble and IBS-CAPP Daejeon plans to build a Sikivie’s type haloscope for axion/ALPs dark matter search at the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii (DFSZ) sensitivity for the 300-600 MHz range. It will be based on the large bore superconducting magnet of LNCMI Grenoble providing a central magnetic field up to 9 T in 810 mm warm bore diameter. This magnet has been...
In this talk I want to discuss the (unorthodox) scenario when the baryogenesis is replaced by a charge separation process in which the global baryon number of the Universe remains zero. In this, the so-called axion quark nugget (AQN) dark matter model the unobserved antibaryons come to comprise the dark matter in the form of nuclear density nuggets. I specifically focus on several recent...
Single-photon readout is a compelling technique for the next generation of dark matter haloscope experiments; it would entirely eliminate the quantum measurement noise seen in linear amplifier readout. The Rydberg/Axions at Yale (RAY) collaboration is developing single-photon detectors based on Rydberg atoms, highly-excited atomic states with exquisite sensitivity to electric fields. These...
The DarkSide-20k detector is currently under construction at the LNGS laboratory in Italy and is a crucial part of the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration’s (GADMC) plan to probe the dark-matter parameter space down and into the neutrino fog. DarkSide-20k is a two-phase Time Projection Chamber with low-radioactivity acrylic walls and optical readout using Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs)....
Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) are a promising technology for fundamental physics applications due to their low dark-count rates, good energy resolution, and high detection efficiency. On the DESY campus, we have been developing a program to characterize quantum sensors for fundamental physics applications, particularly focused on TESs. We currently have one fully equipped...
The Dark photons & Axion-Like particles Interferometer (DALI) proposes a new experimental setup to detect wavy dark matter: the magnetized phased array (MPA). In the MPA haloscope, a large flat mirror is housed in a solenoid-type magnet. The data acquired by each of the antennas forming the MPA are combined by post-processing similar to radio interferometry. A resonator can also be magnetized...
The XENONnT experiment, operating since 2020, is at the forefront of the quest for the dark matter candidate Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), leveraging a 5.9-tonne liquid xenon target. Its world-leading lowest electronic recoil background has also rendered it a versatile instrument for investigating a broad spectrum of phenomena beyond the Standard Model. This talk will focus on...
The Standard Halo Model predicts that dark matter detection on Earth should exhibit annual modulation. The DAMA/LIBRA experiment, utilizing NaI(Tl) crystal detectors, reported detecting an annual modulation signal that aligns with dark matter characteristics, achieving a significance of over 13 sigma. However, this result has not been replicated by any other experiment. To directly test...
The Any Light Particle Search II (ALPS II) is a light-shining-through-a-wall (LSW) style experiment currently running at DESY in Hamburg, Germany, that is probing the universe for axions and axion-like particles at masses below 0.1 meV. LSW experiments use an entirely laboratory based approach, in which a beam of axions is generated, via the Sikivie effect, as a high power laser traverses a...
Ultraprecise mechanical sensors offer an exciting avenue for testing new physics. While many of these sensors are tailored to detect inertial forces, magnetically levitated (Maglev) systems are particularly interesting, in that they are also sensitive to electromagnetic forces. In this talk, I will propose the use of Maglev systems to detect dark-photon and axion dark matter. Several existing...
In the presentation, we will detail our five-year work at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP) in developing and optimizing quantum-noise-limited amplifiers based on flux-driven Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs) for axion detection experiments. Our research focuses on achieving the lowest noise performance to enhance the scanning speed for detecting potential axion...
Galaxies and their dark-matter haloes are commonly presupposed to spin. But it is an open question how this spin manifests in haloes and soliton cores made of scalar dark matter (SDM, including fuzzy/wave/ultralight-axion dark matter). One way spin could manifest in a necessarily irrotational SDM velocity field is with a vortex. But recent results have cast doubt on this scenario, finding that...
We derive and review cosmological constraints on axion-like particles (ALPs), produced thermally via freeze-in through their interaction with gluons, photons and Standard Model (SM) fermions and non-thermally through the misalignment mechanism and decay of topological defects. In particular, we discuss the QCD, the photophilic and the photophobic ALP scenarios where the ALPs couple...
Scheelite, or calcium tungstate (CaWO4), is a scintillating dielectric material of significant interest for its potential application in a myriad of contexts. It plays a key role in detection of rare events such as neutrinoless double β-decay, radioactive decay of very long-living isotopes and searches for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), a candidate for dark matter (DM). In...
In this talk, we evaluate the energy loss rate of supernovae induced by the axion emission process π− + p → n + a with the ∆(1232) resonance in the heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory for the first time. Given the axion-nucleon-∆ interactions, we include the previously ignored ∆-mediated graphs to the π− + p → n + a process. In particular, the ∆0-mediated diagram can give a resonance...
Ultralight dark photons are compelling dark matter candidates, but their allowed kinetic mixing with the Standard Model photon is severely constrained by requiring that the dark photons do not collapse into a cosmic string network in the early Universe. In particular, the most minimal dark photon production mechanism is constrained to small kinetic mixings out of range of all proposed direct...
Quantum Sensors for the Hidden Sector (QSHS) is a new UK-based collaboration working on resonant cavity detectors for halo axions. Our search facility, an 8.5mK dilution refrigerator containing a 20cm bore, 20cm long experimental volume threaded by an 8T magnetic field, was funded by STFC in 2021, and is now running at the University of Sheffield. The collaboration is developing a variety of...
The Cosmic Background (CB) is defined as the isotropic diffuse radiation field with extragalactic origin found across the electromagnetic spectrum. Assuming that dark matter consists of axions with masses on the order of electron volts or higher, we expect a contribution to the CB due to their decay into two photons. Using a model of the astrophysical origin of the CB between X-ray energies...
We propose a scenario where baryon asymmetry is generated spontaneously by the majoron which is also a dark matter candidate. For this, we investigate two distinct scenarios depending on the source of the majoron kinetic motion providing CPV in the background : 1) the misalignment mechanism, and 2) the kinetic misalignment mechanism. The former case can be realized in a very limited parameter...
The MADMAX experiment aims to search for dark matter axions in the frequency range 10-100 GHz using a configuration where large thin dielectric disks are stacked in parallel under a strong magnetic field.
When searching for a narrow signal using a large bandwidth, data acquisition plays a critical role. Here we describe a data acquisition system based on a spectrum analyzer. In addition...
Motivated by recent findings from Belle II, where $\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to K^+ \nu\bar{\nu}) = (2.3 \pm 0.5) \times 10^{-5}$, surpassing the Standard Model prediction by $2.7 \sigma$, we explore axion-based hypotheses to elucidate this discrepancy.
We examine a model based on the KSVZ-type axion, which not only accounts for the Belle II anomaly but also offers resolutions to the strong CP problem...
The axion was postulated as a solution to both the strong CP problem and the dark matter mystery. Among the various experiments designed to detect axion dark matter signal, the cavity haloscope is recognized as the most sensitive method. However, its sensitivity decreases significantly at higher mass regions due to volume loss. To address this issue, the Center for Axion and Precision Physics...
Axions, which provide a solution to the strong CP problem, are one of the most prominent candidates for dark matter. The axion parameter space spans many orders of magnitude in mass, and a variety of search techniques will be needed to cover such a wide range. Haloscopes look for axion-photon conversion in a magnetic field, but they face the challenge of being smaller in volume as the axion...
The signal from an axion haloscope has a certain spectral content, set by the axion rest mass, mc2, and the relative kinetic energy K of the axions at the detector. For virialized halo axions, the ratio of these energies is K/mc2 ~ 10-6. If the detector is operating at 1 GHz, the signal emitted would have a spectral width of 1 kHz. On account of the high Q ~ 105 of the cavity, the detector...
Axion Quark Nuggets (AQNs) [1] have been suggested to solve the Dark Matter (DM) and the missing Antimatter problem in the universe, and have been proposed as an explanation of various observations [2-4]. Their size is in the μm range, and their density is equal to the nuclear density with an expected flux of about 1/km^2/year. For the typical velocity of DM constituents (250 km/s), the solar...
We report about a significant advancement in the search speed of axion dark matter with cavity-based haloscopes. Our approach combines a 3D cavity with a transmon-based single microwave photon counter (SMPD) devised to detect itinerant photons, a circuit-QED architecture compatible with the strong magnetic fields required for axion-to-photon conversion.
In the SMPD, an incoming photon is...
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel method for cavity frequency tuning in cavity haloscope experiments by coupling with a superconducting qubit. Compared to the existing tuning-rod approach, this alternative method addresses a few advantages: (a) easy implementation, (b) reduction of electromagnetic wave leakage, and (c) fast scanning because there is no thermal noise derived...
Supernova (SN) explosions could emit vast amounts of axions, and axionlike particles, in a short time. In this talk, we will show how the spectrum of these axions is calculated to unprecedented precision in recent years. In particular, in the SN plasma quantum-loop effects can dominate axion production or absorption processes, and can also play a vital role in their conversion to visible...
Axion quark nuggets are hypothetical particles composed of (anti-)quarks in a unique phase called the color superconducting state, surrounded by an axion domain wall. This model proposes an alternative candidate for cold dark matter compared to conventional halo-axions. Under the hypothesis that anti-matter axion quark nuggets could annihilate with Earth matter, releasing relativistic axions,...
The axion is a well-motivated dark matter candidate with an extensive range of mass unexplored experimentally. New string production models for the post-inflation QCD axion predict higher axion masses than we have explored with modern haloscopes. While traditional tunable cavity-based haloscopes have proven exquisitely sensitive at lower frequencies, their sensitivity drops off at higher...
The Haloscope At Yale Sensitive To Axion CDM (HAYSTAC) Experiment is actively searching for QCD axions using a resonant microwave cavity enhanced by a quantum squeezed state receiver (SSR). Because the axion’s mass and coupling strength are unknown, a crucial metric is the scanning rate across the parameter space. Integration of the SSR into the HAYSTAC experiment has allowed for a scan rate...
The nature of dark matter in the Universe is still an open question in
astrophysics and cosmology. Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) offer a
compelling solution, and traditionally ground-based experiments have eagerly,
but to date unsuccessfully, searched for these hypothetical low-mass particles
that are expected to be produced in large quantities in the strong
electromagnetic...
In recent years, we witnessed an increasing growth in the research of light Dark Matter (DM) candidates, addressing in particular axions and axion-like particles (ALPs).
The axion observation technique is based upon its in- verse Primakoff conversion into one photon, stimulated by a static magnetic field.
Here, recent results of the QUAX experiment are presented.
In particular, the...
MADMAX, the MAgnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment, is a novel dielectric haloscope concept to detect the axion in the mass range 40-400 ueV through enhancement of the inverse Primakoff process. In this overview talk, I will review the experiment's design concept and discuss the status of ongoing research on the critical path of the experiment, including advancements in magnet...
Ultra-light axions is one of the most widely considered models of dark matter. In my talk, I will focus on the formation of cosmic web, first structures, stars and galaxies in a fuzzy dark matter universe. We model star and galaxy formation using a hydrodynamical code AREPO coupled to the ultra-light dark matter component solved using Schrodinger-Poisson code. We explore properties of the...
Axions and other light pseudoscalar bosons with masses below $1\,\mathrm{eV}/c^2$, collectively referred to as axionlike particles (ALPs), are among the most well-motivated dark matter (DM) candidates.
The Cosmic Axion Spin Precession Experiment (CASPEr)\,[1] aims at detecting axionlike DM with nuclear magnetic resonance techniques.
CASPEr-Gradient in Mainz probes the coupling of nuclear...
We present the status and recent results of the room temperature BREAD gigahertz pilot experiment (GigaBREAD) which is looking for axion-like particles in the $\sim 50 \ \mu\mathrm{eV}$ range. Reflector-based searches allow for wave-like dark matter searches at higher mass regimes where resonant cavity searches lose sensitivity due to scaling limitations. BREAD is a novel reflector concept...
The sexaquark, a hypothetical stable and neutral six-quark state, has been recently proposed as a dark matter candidate. Here, I argue it is very unlikely sexaquarks could consistently compose more than a billionth of the dark matter abundance for a wide range of scattering cross sections and annihilation rates. To draw these conclusions, I connect the sexaquark freeze-out abundance to...
In this presentation I will provide an update on research at the Quantum Technologies and Dark Matter Laboratories at the University of Western Australia to develop new techniques to search for wave-like dark matter candidates and to test fundamental physics using precision low-energy metrology.
In particular we will focus on techniques which utilize low-loss and low-noise electromagnetic...
The isotropic birefringence (all-sky rotation of linear polarization) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sourced by axion-like particle (ALP) dark matter is predicted to contain distinct signals from oscillating ultra-light axions at recombination as well as from local dark matter. Using Planck upper limits while incorporating allowed axion fractions of dark matter, we find strong...
The axion haloscope is a highly sensitive detector that converts axions into photons within a resonant cavity immersed in a strong magnetic field. The experiment's sensitivity is significantly influenced by the cavity's characteristics, including volume, form factor, physical temperature, and the Q-factor. A higher Q-factor extends the duration of axion signals within the cavity, expediting...
In the standard lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model of cosmology, the distribution of matter and energy in the Universe is as follows: 5% is represented by ordinary matter, 26.8% by dark matter, and 68.2% by dark energy. However, the nature of dark matter and dark energy is not yet known. In the context of particle physics, dark matter may consist of one or several new particles, which are...
IBS-CAPP has established a state-of-the-art axion detector facility in Korea, equipped with multiple dilution refrigerator systems. Currently, four axion detectors operate simultaneously on low-vibration pads. The flagship experiment, CAPP-MAX, utilizes a 12 Tesla Nb3Sn superconducting magnet with a 32 cm bore and a 36-liter ultra-light cavity, enhanced by quantum noise-limited amplifiers....
Liquid xenon time projection chambers are nowadays recognized as one of the most sensitive technologies for dark matter direct detection. The ultimate goal of these experiments is to explore the allowed parameter space for nuclear recoils down to the neutrino fog before coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering begins to dominate the detector signals. Achieving this objective necessitates...
We present the status and plans of The Oscillating Resonant Group AxioN (ORGAN) Experiment Collaboration, which develops microwave cavity axion haloscopes. ORGAN is a collaboration of various Australian universities, with the main experiment hosted at The University of Western Australia.
The ORGAN Experiment is a high mass haloscope (~60-200 micro-eV) broken down into various phases, having...
The electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) is a sensitive probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model that can also provide indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter. We propose a novel experimental method to measure the eEDM using polar molecules (BaF) embedded in a cryogenic matrix of parahydrogen. By exploiting the large internal molecular field available in BaF...
Axion haloscopes are powerfully sensitive tools designed explicitly to search for cold axion dark matter. Uniformly distributed dark matter axions are expected to produce a constant signal in a haloscope, but there is the potential to search for transient signals as well. I will discuss ideas in searches for nonstandard astrophysical axion sources, as well as non-axion signals such as...
WISPFI (WISP Searches on a Fiber Interferometer) is a novel table-top experiment designed to detect photon-axion conversion using resonant mixing. The experiment employs hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCF) to fulfill the resonant condition, which can be precisely tuned by adjusting the gas pressure within the fiber. This technique enables the probing of an unexplored axion mass range...
For the search for axions, helioscopes are one of the original experiments that were introduced by Sikivie in 1983. Helioscopes are built with the idea that the Sun is a major source for axions thanks to its high core temperature. These axions would be produced through the Primakoff effect, processes relying on the axion-electron coupling and other mechanisms. In a helioscope, those solar...
The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) is one of the world’s leading direct detection searches for axion dark matter, currently located at the University of Washington. To date, ADMX G2 has excluded axion-photon couplings predicted by the KSVZ (DFSZ) model for the axion with masses between 2.66-4.2 𝝻eV (2.66-3.3 𝝻eV & 3.9-4.1 𝝻eV). We are currently continuing the search for axion dark matter...
Astrophysical objects such as white dwarfs, the remnants left by most stars after nuclear burning in the core has finished, are increasingly popular targets to search for evidence of axions. If axions interact with electrons, then axions could be produced at an appreciable rate in the dense, electron-degenerate core of a white dwarf via axion bremsstrahlung from electrons. The emission of...
The race for the discovery of the Dark Matter is as lively as ever; the axion and the WIMP are the two main particle candidates that could solve the mystery. The absence of signal in the typical mass window for the WIMP, of the order of 100GeV, has pushed the search to lower masses. The TREX-DM experiment is looking for low-mass WIMPs of the scale of 1-10 GeV/c2: it is a high-pressure gas Time...
