Besides the primary emission of a 14MeV neutron, the fusion reaction of Deuterium and Tritium may instead lead to the emission of a 17MeV gamma-ray, with a 2.4 ⋅ 10⁻⁵ probability [1]. A novel approach for measuring the fusion power at ITER has been suggested based on the absolute measurement of these gamma-rays, using the plasma's gamma ray emission detected by ITER's Radial Gamma Ray...
Spectroscopic analyses are between the most used methodologies to investigate any state of matter. In fact, from the analysis of the electromagnetic spectra it is possible to extract several quantities that are characteristics of the analysed medium. Therefore, the spectrum must usually be analysed and computed by some specific algorithms, such as pre-processing and calibration tools, to...
We demonstrate a compact ion beam device capable of accelerating H+ and D+ ions up to 75 keV energy, onto a solid target, with sufficient beam current to study fusion reactions. The ion beam system uses a microwave driven plasma source to generate ions that are accelerated to high energy with a direct current (DC) acceleration structure. The plasma source is driven by pulsed microwaves from a...
Diagnosing plasma parameters in next-generation fusion reactors like DEMO [1] poses a challenge due to limited in-vessel access and harsh environments. Millimeter-wave diagnostics offer a robust solution to measure electron density, but achieving comprehensive plasma coverage, essential for plasma position and shape control [2], requires large number of probing channels with wide frequency...
Within the scope of magnetic confinement fusion experiments, a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based detector was employed during the 2023 experimental campaigns at the MASTU (Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak) spherical tokamak to investigate the Soft X-Ray (SXR) radiation (0.1-20 keV) emanating from the plasma. GEM detectors are promising candidates as SXR diagnostics on the next generation on fusion...
The Polarimetry measurements, i.e. Faraday Rotation(FR) and Cotton-Mouton Phase Shift (CM), are useful as constraint for the determination of the plasma equilibrium and for the measurement of the plasma density, respectively [1,2]. The modelling tool for polarimetry, tested on JET data, is the Stokes model [3], where FR and CM are calculated using the spatial profile of the components Br and...
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor systems are widely used to monitor mechanical parameters for structural health
monitoring (SHM) of civil engineering structures. Among the so many applications, the FBG technology allows
the development of weighing pads that have a fully passive optical working principle, with no need of electrical
power at the measuring point.
In this contribution, a...
Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) diagnostic is widely deployed in fusion experimental devices as an effective method for the local measurement of key parameters such as plasma temperature, rotation velocity and impurity density. Designated to fulfill the requirements for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) CXRS diagnostic measurements, the RF-DA has...
In recent years, olive trees have been increasingly threatened by "Olive Quick Decline Syndrome" (OQDS), a disease caused by the harmful bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. This disease poses a significant challenge in Europe, especially in Italy, where olive oil production plays a major economic role. The syndrome harms the plant by thinning the xylem tissue, which disrupts the flow of water...
A phase-modulated dispersion interferometer combined with a polarimeter is currently being designed in ITER. This diagnostic, called DIP (Density Interferometer Polarimeter), aims at performing reliable electron density (ne) measurements with a time resolution of 1 ms and an accuracy of 10% during ramp up/down phases, and 2% during flat-top, serving as a complementary system for ITER’s main ne...
A multi-purpose system of interferometric setups to measure gas and plasma density are being developed at the INFN-LNS facility. First, for the FUSION project, there is the need to estimate proton and alpha stopping power in borated plasma. To this end, we have a modified Nomarski interferometer designed to have sub-nanosecond resolution (100 ps) at the second harmonic of the pump laser, 532...
The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility [1] will feature a poloidally distributed O-mode plasma position microwave reflectometry (PPR) system, crucial for future reactors, where in- vessel magnetic sensors for position control will be limited by high neutron flux and long pulse durations. The DTT PPR system will have a number of Lines of Sight (LOS) at the Low Field Side equatorial and...
Plasma electron density, as one of the core parameters of plasma characteristics, accurate and reliable measurement and real-time feedback control are indispensable foundations for ensuring stable operation of plasma and in-depth physical study. Specifically, online monitoring of electron density is an indispensable diagnostic method for every tokamak device. A Polarimeter/Interferometer...
This study explores the possibility of using a neutron source that fissions a fissile thin layer, this last is used to cover a tank full of light gas. It’s possible to exploit the released energy of the reaction and from the same fission products for various applications (e.g. spatial propulsion, hybrid reactors etc.) not argued in this work.
A dedicated Monte Carlo model simulating fission...
In fusion devices, the local soft X-ray (SXR) plasma emissivity is rich in information about electron temperature and density, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity and concentration of impurities that can be inferred with the help of dedicated tomographic inversion and synthetic diagnostic tools [1, 2]. Nevertheless, estimating the local plasma emissivity from a sparse set of noisy...
The preliminary design of the Thomson Scattering(TS) system devoted to the measurement of the
electron density and temperature in the pedestal region of DTT ( Divertor Test Tokamak) is
described. The evaluation of the DTT pedestal width based on the presently elaborated models
tested on JET and DIIID leads to a pedestal width Δ=15mm , assuming maximum temperature
Te=20keV and density ne=5...
The measurement of 14 MeV neutrons present in a deuterium-deuterium plasma is an important parameter for the estimation of the triton burn up component in a tokamak. The deuterium-deuterium reaction has two equally possible branching ratios, one of which leads to the presence of tritons in the plasma. A fraction of these can cause a deuterium-tritium reaction, producing 14 MeV neutrons that...
