IceCube has discovered a flux of astrophysical neutrinos and presented evidence for the first neutrino sources, a flaring blazar known as TXS 0506+056 and the active galaxy NGC 1068. However, the sources responsible for the majority of the astrophysical neutrino flux remain elusive. High-energy neutrinos can be produced when cosmic rays interact at their acceleration sites and during...
Being for centuries a magnificent and enigmatic presence in the night sky the Milky Way became during the last decades the target of multi-messenger observations at increasing energies.
In this talk we will focus on its γ-ray and neutrino diffuse emissions which recently has been both observed up to the PeV.
One of the main aims of these measurements is to understand the origin and the...
The MINERvA experiment at Fermilab presents results from quasielastic-like (QE-like) $\nu_{\mu}$ interactions on a variety of nuclear targets in the medium energy ($<$E$_{\nu}>\sim$6~GeV) NuMI neutrino beam. In the analysis described here, events are used where protons are cleanly reconstructed. Cross section and cross section ratio results from events produced on C, CH, H$_{2}$O, Fe, and...
In 2013, IceCube detected a diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos between a few TeV up to multiple PeV.
Meanwhile, this flux has been established in multiple detection channels with high significance, and with added data the accuracy of these observations have been improved in the recent years. The observed flux is a combination of extragalactic and galactic origin and indications are...
Precise knowledge of how neutrinos interact with matter is essential for measuring neutrino oscillations in long-baseline experiments. At T2K, the near detector complex measures neutrino interactions to constrain cross-section models for oscillation studies and to characterise the beam flux. The near detector complex provides a platform for performing neutrino-nucleon cross section...
The ANTARES neutrino telescope was located in the Mediterranean Sea, not far from Toulon (France). It was operational from 2007 to 2022, before being dismantled. Its instrumented volumeof 0.01 km$^3$ equipped with photomultipliers made it possible to detect neutrinos with energy from some GeV to PeV. The location of ANTARES allows for an advantageous view of the Southern sky in the search of...
Neutrino telescopes are the instruments for the detection of high energy cosmic neutrinos. The ANTARES detector operated offshore Toulon (France) for 16 years until 2022, while KM3NeT-ARCA infrastructure is under construction in Southern Italy.
The ANTARES telescope was composed of 12 strings, each equipped with 75 optical modules. Each optical module contained one 10” photomultiplier tube...
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors offer charged particle imaging capability with impressive spatial resolution. Precise event reconstruction procedures are mandatory in order to fully exploit the potential of this technology.
After a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS - INFN laboratory, ICARUS was refurbished and subsequently moved to Fermilab to...
The Short Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab aims to confirm or rule out the existence of sterile neutrinos at the eV mass scale. The program will perform the most sensitive search in both electron-neutrino appearance and muon-neutrino disappearance channels along the Booster Neutrino Beamline. The far detector, ICARUS-T600, is a high-granularity Liquid Argon Time Projection chamber located...
Liquid argon, widely used as the active target in neutrino and dark matter experiments, is a scintillator with a light yield of approximately 40 photons/keV. The scintillation spectrum is centered at 128 nm, and the attenuation length is of the order of meters, depending on the purity. The addition of small amounts of xenon (approximately 10 ppb) allows for shifting the scintillation peak to...
The discovery of a high energy neutrino from IceCube coincident in time with flaring activity in gamma-rays from TXS 0506+056 solidified neutrinos as an integral part of the emerging field of multimessenger astrophysics. From the direction of the source, an archival neutrino flare was also identified and contributed to the significance of TXS 0505+056 as a neutrino source. An alert stream for...
MicroBooNE is a neutrino experiment located in the Booster Neutrino Beamline (BNB) at Fermilab, which collected data from 2015 to 2021. MicroBooNE’s liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is accompanied by a photon detection system consisting of 32 photomultiplier tubes used to measure the argon scintillation light and determine the timing of neutrino interactions. Analysis techniques...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole is the world's largest neutrino telescope, but it can be also considered as one of the largest particle detectors ever built, providing a unique window to physics beyond the Standard Model at energies unreachable in man-made accelerators. It can cover a wide range of neutrino energies, from few GeV to PeVs, and also detect other particles...
Future ktonne-scale, scintillation-based neutrino detectors, such as THEIA, plan to exploit new and yet to be developed technologies to simultaneously measure Cherenkov and scintillation signals in order to provide a rich and broad physics program. These hybrid detectors will be based on fast timing photodetectors, novel target materials, such as water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS), and...
Evidence for the existence of dark matter strongly motivates the efforts to study its unknown properties. Additionally, the origin of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos detected by IceCube remains uncertain. If dark matter and neutrinos couple to each other, we can search for a non-zero elastic scattering cross section. The interaction between an isotropic extragalactic neutrino flux and dark...
The XENONnT experiment, which is the current phase of the XENON project, located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy), aims to directly detect WIMP dark matter employing a dual-phase TPC with a 5.9 tonnes liquid xenon target. The first science run collected a total exposure of more than 1 tonne-year. The search for nuclear recoils induced by WIMPs, performed with a blind analysis,...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), the next generation long-baseline neutrino experiment, comprises a suite of Near Detectors and four Far Detectors based on the Liquid Argon TPC technology which is enhanced by a powerful Photon Detection System (PDS) that records the scintillation light emitted in Argon. Besides providing the timing information for an event, which is necessary...
DarkSide-20k (DS-20k) will probe the dark matter WIMP hypothesis by looking for WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC) detector filled with 50 tonnes of low-radioactivity liquid argon extracted from underground sources. Besides the primary physics goal of DS-20k, the low-energy threshold (of about 0.5 keV for nuclear recoils) of the detector will allow...
Monitored neutrino beams represent a powerful and cost effective tool to suppress cross section related systematics for the full exploitation of data collected in long baseline oscillation projects like DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande. In the last years the NP06/ENUBET project has demonstrated that the systematic uncertainties on the neutrino flux can be suppressed to 1% in an accelerator based...
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) has among its primary goals the determination of the neutrino mass ordering and the possible CP-violating phase in the neutrino mixing matrix.
The System for On-Axis Neutrino Detection (SAND) at the DUNE Near Detector complex includes a novel liquid Argon detector - GRAIN - designed to image neutrino interactions using scintillation light...
The COSINUS (Cryogenic Observatory for SIgnatures seen in Next-generation Underground Searches) is a NaI based dark matter search that will perform a model-independent cross-check of the longstanding DAMA/LIBRA result. The experiment is currently under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy and will use NaI crystals operated as scintillating calorimeters. These...
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first bolometric experiment searching for 0νββ decay that has successfully reached the one-tonne mass scale. The detector, located at the LNGS in Italy, consists of an array of 988 TeO2 crystals arranged in a compact cylindrical structure of 19 towers. CUORE began its first physics data run in 2017 at a base temperature of...
Ever since the discovery of neutrinos, we have wondered if neutrinos are their own antiparticles, and whether lepton number is violated or not. One remarkable possibility is that lepton-number violation in the Standard Model is soft. In such scenarios, neutrinos have a pseudo-Dirac nature with a tiny mass difference between active and sterile states, having oscillations driven by this tiny...
Neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$\nu\beta\beta$) is a key process to address some of the major outstanding issues in particle physics, such as the lepton number conservation and the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Several efforts have taken place in the last decades in order to reach higher and higher sensitivity on its half-life. The next-generation of experiments aims at covering the...
"Neutrinos from dense environments, non-radiative neutrino decay and the diffuse supernova neutrino background"
M. Cristina Volpe (CNRS/INP and APC, Paris)
In this talk I will first describe the frontiers of our knowledge on neutrino flavor evolution in dense media - core-collapse supernovae, binary neutron star mergers, early universe - and mention connections to other domains, in...
SNO+ is a large multipurpose experiment located in the SNOLAB underground laboratory in Sudbury, Canada. With an extensive physics programme focused on many neutrino physics topics and nucleon decay searches, the ultimate goal of SNO+ is the search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of ${}^{130}$Te. After a commissioning phase with water as the target medium, whose data allowed...
Earth neutrino tomography is a realistic possibility with current and future neutrino detectors, complementary to geophysics methods. The two main approaches are based on either partial absorption of the neutrino flux as it propagates through the Earth (at energies about a few TeV) or on coherent Earth matter effects affecting the neutrino oscillations pattern (at energies below a few tens of...
The LEGEND experiment is designed to search for the neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay of the germanium isotope Ge-76. This decay, if observed, would establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos and reveal lepton number non-conservation. The first stage of the experiment, LEGEND-200, has recently completed its commissioning phase and transitioned to physics data taking in March 2023....
The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS, Italy) searched for the lepton-number-violating neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{76}$Ge. The potential discovery of such phenomenon would have significant implications in cosmology and particle physics, helping unrevealing the Majorana nature of neutrinos.
The main...
The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is located next to six commercial nuclear reactors, each of which has a max thermal power of 2.9 GW. The experiment consists of two near experimental halls and one far experimental hall. The power-weighted baselines to the six power reactors are about 500 m and 1.7 km for the near and far halls, respectively. Each near hall has two antineutrino...
IceCube recently observed neutrino emission from the nearby active Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 in the TeV energy range. This finding suggests that active galactic nuclei (AGN) could be a source type contributing to the diffuse high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux. The dense environments near the supermassive black holes and the acceleration of cosmic rays in the coronae offer suitable...
Besides detecting ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays, the Pierre Auger Observatory offers a remarkable exposure to neutrinos above $10^{17} \mathrm{eV}$. Since the beginning of data taking, the Observatory has been involved in setting up some of the most stringent upper limits to the neutrino flux in the UHE range. During this time it has also been involved in various multi-messenger follow...
IceCube’s groundbreaking discovery of an all-flavor diffuse, extragalactic neutrino flux has ignited a new era in astrophysics. This revelation, coupled with the identification of potential neutrino sources, has spurred the development of next-generation neutrino telescopes with significantly enhanced sensitivity. These upcoming detectors aim to decipher the enigma behind the diffuse neutrino...
Measuring neutrino mass is challenging in nowadays particle physics and astrophysics. Direct measurements using electron kinematics in beta decays are the only theory-independent method. A possible approach for directly measuring the neutrino mass is the calorimetric one. Calorimeters measure the energy released by decays, except the neutrino fraction. However, they face limitations in...
The CONUS experiment (COherent elastic NeUtrino nucleus Scattering) aims at coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) with germanium detectors in the Brokdorf Nuclear Power Plant (KBR, Germany). Four 1kg modules were placed 17m from the 3.9GW reactor core, monitoring an energy regime down to sub-keV with a background rate of ~10 per day per keV. Data taking was finished and latest...
The Trinity Observatory is a proposed UHE-neutrino detector with a core-energy range of 10^6 GeV - 10^10 GeV, bridging the observational gap between IceCube and UHE radio detectors. Trinity is a system of 60x5 degree^2 wide field-of-view air-shower imaging telescopes that detect Earth-skimming tau neutrinos from mountain tops. Trinity's primary science objectives are point-sources, the diffuse...
Neutrinos are the most elusive particles in the Standard Model, and many of their properties have not yet been fully understood. Among them, neutrino electromagnetic properties such as neutrino charge radius, magnetic moment and milli-charge have become objects of extensive research. Consequently, there is a pressing need for experiments capable of precisely probing them at a high precision...
New results from the DANSS experiment on the searches for sterile neutrinos are presented. They are based on 7 million inverse beta decay events collected at 10.9, 11.9, and 12.9 meters from the 3.1 GW reactor core of the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant in Russia. Additional 1 million of antineutrino events further improves the sensitivity for the sterile neutrino mixing parameter below 0.01 for a...
The Radio Neutrino Observatory - Greenland (RNO-G) is dedicated to search for ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos with energies above 10$\,$PeV by observing radio pulses from neutrino interactions in the Greenland ice shield. The detector will consist of 35 autonomously operating stations, each equipped with 24 antennas, deployed over an area of about 50$\,$km$^2$. With an estimated sensitivity...
T2K is a long baseline neutrino experiment which exploits a neutrino and antineutrino beam produced at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC) to provide world-leading measurements of neutrino oscillation. Neutrino oscillations are measured by comparing neutrino rates and spectra at a near detector complex, located at J-PARC, and at the water-Cherenkov far detector,...
We derive new constraints on effective four-fermion neutrino non-standard interactions with both quarks and electrons. This is done through the global analysis of neutrino oscillation data and measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) obtained with different nuclei. In doing so, we include not only the effects of new physics on neutrino propagation but also on the...
We study in detail the impact of a light sterile neutrino on the interpretation of the recent data of the long baseline experiments NO$\nu$A and T2K, assessing the robustness/fragility of the estimates of the standard 3-flavor parameters with respect to the perturbations induced in the 3+1 scheme. We find that all the basic features of the 3-flavor analysis, including the weak indication...
The IceCube DeepCore detector located at the South Pole has been collecting GeV-scale atmospheric neutrino data for the past decade. At these energies, Earth-crossing muon neutrinos have a high chance of oscillating to tau neutrinos. DeepCore is able to measure the atmospheric oscillation parameters with a precision comparable to accelerator-based experiments, while also complementing...
Solar nuclear reactions can occasionally produce feebly interacting particles (FIPs) X that escape the solar interior without further interactions. In this talk, we focus on the second stage of the solar proton-proton chain and evaluate the fluxes of monochromatic 5.49 MeV FIPs produced by the p(d,He3)X reaction, analyzing the potential to detect them with the forthcoming large underground...
Neutrino Mass Ordering (NMO) studies explore the unresolved fundamental question of whether the neutrino masses follow a normal ordering (m3>m2>m1) or an inverted ordering (m2>m1>m3). IceCube is an ice-Cherenkov neutrino detector deployed about 1.5 kilometers below the surface of the South Pole. Using DeepCore, a more densely instrumented volume of ice near the bottom of the detector, we study...
The new CLOUD experiment, supported by the eponymous international collaboration (16 academic institutions and EDF), will be presented for the first time. CLOUD relies on the first ever ~10-ton [LiquidO][1] detector, which will be deployed at the new Chooz’s “ultra-near detector” site, located at ~30 m from one of the nuclear reactors with minimal overburden. With ≥10,000...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) will complete the detector construction and start to take data in 2024. Its primary goal is to determine the neutrino mass ordering (NMO) using reactor neutrinos with an unprecedented 20 kton liquid scintillator (LS) detector. Around ten atmospheric neutrino interactions are expected everyday in the JUNO detector and they can provide...
KM3NeT is a multi-site detector devoted to the detection and study of cosmic neutrinos and their sources in the Universe and to the measurement of the neutrino oscillation parameters. Two underwater detectors are under construction in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA (offshore Portopalo di Capo Passero, Italy) and ORCA (offshore Toulon, France). ARCA will comprise more than 200 detection units,...
As of today, The KM3NeT detector comprises today more than 540 Optical Modules (approximatively 17000 31’’ photomultiplier tubes, PMTs) deployed in the abysses of the Mediterranean Sea. KM3NeT is designed to search for astrophysical high energy neutrino signals through detection of Cherenkov photons emitted along the paths of the charged particles produced in high energy neutrino...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton multi purpose underground liquid scintillator detector currently under construction in the Guangdong Province of South China and scheduled for completion in 2023. By featuring a 78% photon sensor coverage achieved via a primary calorimetry system consisting of 17,612 20 inch PMTs and an additional calorimetry system of 25,600 3...
The scientific prospects of detecting cosmic neutrinos with an energy close or even higher than the GKZ cut-off energy has been discussed extensively in literature. It is clear that due to their expected low flux, the detection of these ultra-high energy neutrinos ($E_\nu$ > 10^{18} eV) requires an telescope with an effective detection volume larger than 100 km$^3$. Acoustic detection may...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is the largest liquid scintillator detector in the world and it is under construction in Jiangmen city in South China. The JUNO Central Detector is an acrylic spherical vessel with an inner diameter of 35.4 m, filled with 20 kton liquid scintillator. The entire scintillator volume is monitored by approximately 17,600 20-inch and 25,600...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a next-generation neutrino experiment currently under construction in southern China. Its primary objective is to determine the neutrino mass ordering (NMO). While reactor neutrinos are the main source of sensitivity to NMO at JUNO, atmospheric neutrino oscillations can provide independent sensitivity, and enhance its overall sensitivity...
In Long baseline neutrino experiment, systematics uncertainties on oscillation parameters critically depend on our knowledge of neutrino interactions. It is therefore crucial to precisely measure neutrino-nucleus cross sections at the near detector to improve our constraints on the far detector observations, as well as enhancing our modelling of neutrino-nucleus interaction. For this reason,...
The IceCube Upgrade, to be installed in 2026, is a low-energy extension of the DeepCore detector part of the IceCube in-ice Cherenkov neutrino telescope at the South Pole. The Upgrade will improve the detection of neutrino interactions in the GeV range by deploying nearly 700 new multi-PMT digital optical modules in a high-density configuration. This allows for more precise measurements of...
It has been common practice to select for muons that start inside a neutrino detector in order to reject atmospheric backgrounds in lower energy neutrino experiments. However, IceCube was designed to use the Earth as an atmospheric muon veto by selecting for events which come from the northern equatorial sky. Using the Earth as a muon shield allows us to increase the fiducial volume by placing...
Neutrinos play a fundamental role in core-collapse supernovae and compact binary mergers. In such dense environments, the coherent forward scattering of neutrinos on each other makes the flavor evolution a non-linear phenomenon. Using a quantum-kinetic approach, we model the neutrino flavor transformation in the presence of neutrino advection, neutrino-matter collisions, and neutrino...
BINGO is a project dedicated to explore new methods for background reduction in experiments searching for $0\nu2\beta$ decay. It is based on bolometers, one of the most promising techniques to search for $0\nu2\beta$. CUORE and CUPID-Mo/0 are the main bolometric experiments that have shown the most relevant limiting factors on $0\nu2\beta$ sensitivity. Surface $\alpha$s are the main source of...
The multipurpose JUNO Experiment located in China, whose central detector uses 20 kt liquid scintillator, is on track to completion of construction in 2023. Its primary goal is to determine the Neutrino Mass Ordering by leveraging its large target mass and excellent energy resolution of 3% at 1 MeV. The unique properties of JUNO position it to have a large potential for real-time solar...
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton multi-purpose liquid scintillator detector which is located at a 700-m underground laboratory in the south of China (Jiangmen city, Guangdong province). The primary goals of JUNO are to determine the neutrino mass ordering and precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters. In addition, the massive volume of the JUNO...
Borexino was a large liquid scintillator experiment designed for real-time detection of low-energy
solar neutrinos, located at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. During
more than ten years of data taking, it has measured all the neutrino fluxes produced in the proton-proton chain, i.e. the main fusion process accounting for 99 % of the energy production of the...
The recent detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) creates the possibility of using neutrinos to explore physics beyond the Standard Model with small-size detectors. However, the CEνNS process generates signals at the few-keV level, requiring sensitive detector technologies. High-yield neutrino sources, including the European Spallation Source (ESS) and nearby power...
Neutrino detectors are amongst the largest ever built photonics systems, where the neutrino detection is inexorably linked to the challenging detection of scarce photons. The tremendous progresses in neutrino physics over past several decades are inseparable from the evolution of the detector photonics interfaces to yield ever higher precision and richer detection information. The measurement...
Core-Collapse Supernovae are violent astrophysical events that are an abundant source of neutrinos of all flavours. The study of neutrinos from this source can give us insights into the nature of the core-collapse mechanism and into neutrino physic topics.
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a future multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in the US. One of it's...
Euclid is a European Space Agency (ESA) mission, designed to investigate the nature of Dark Energy and Dark Matter. It will measure the position and the redshift of billions of galaxies to map the dark matter distribution with unprecedented accuracy. The satellite launch will take place in summer 2023 and the data taking will last for six years covering one-third of the entire sky. Euclid data...
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory measures high-energy atmospheric neutrinos with high statistics. These atmospheric muon neutrinos are produced in cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, mainly by the decay of pions and kaons. The rate of the measured neutrinos is affected by seasonal temperature and pressure variations in the stratosphere, which are expected to increase with the particle's...
Several independent observations suggest that there is more mass in the Universe than has been directly observed. Dark matter is a hypothetical new form of matter that does not interact with the electromagnetic field and has a very weak interaction with ordinary baryonic matter. WIMPs (weakly interacting massive particles) are a dark matter candidate currently widely investigated in...
The Baikal-GVD is a large neutrino telescope being constructed in Lake Baikal. Recently it is the largest operating neutrino telescope in Northern Hemisphere. The winter expedition of the year 2023 concludes in the three-dimensional array of 3 456 photo-sensitive units (optical modules) installed in total. The data collection is allowed by the design of the experiment while being in a...
The Recoil Directionality project (ReD) within the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration aims to characterize light and charge response of a liquid argon (LAr) dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to neutron-induced nuclear recoils. The ReD project is now focusing on the detailed study of the response of the LAr TPC to very low-energy nuclear recoils (a few keV). The charge yield from...
On Friday, 5/12, I gave the Wine and Cheese seminar at Fermilab titled “The race to the Neutrino Mass Ordering”.
The slides are here https://indico.fnal.gov/event/59268/
In this talk I argued that when JUNO’s measurement of Delta m^2_atm (31 or 32 or ee) is 1\% or better (which will happen very quickly)
then when combined with Delta m^2_atm from T2K and NOvA disappearance will give us a...
