Presentation materials
The CMS experiment collected 160fb^-1 of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s)=13TeV during the Run-2 data taking period. Successful data taking at increasing instantaneous luminosities with the evolving detector configuration was a big achievement of the collaboration. The CMS RPC system provided redundant information for the robust muon triggering, reconstruction and identification. To...
Resistive Plate Chambers are used in the ATLAS experiment and provide the muon trigger and two coordinate measurements in the barrel region |n|<1.05
In preparation for the coming years of LHC running at higher luminosity, besides the New Small Wheel project which is expected to complement the ATLAS Muon spectrometer in the end-cap regions, a smaller size project, known as BIS78, is being...
The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider utilises a trigger system consisting of a first level hardware trigger and a higher level software trigger. The Level-1 muon trigger system selects muon candidates with six transverse momentum thresholds and associate them with a correct LHC bunch crossing. The Level-1 Muon Barrel Trigger uses Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) detectors to...
The ATLAS Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detector is a tracking trigger, used to primarily select high momentum muons in the ATLAS barrel region (|\eta|<1.05) at the 40 MHz collision rate, and to provide muons azimuthal coordinates. The RPC system consists of about 3700 gas volumes covering a sensitive surface of about 4000 m^2. It is arranged in three concentric double layers distributed on a...
Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detectors are widely employed in the muon trigger systems of three experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). They are operated with gas mixture recirculation systems to reduce operational costs and greenhouse gas emissions since their gas mixture is based on C2H2F4, which has a high global warning potential. It is well known that the C2H2F4 molecule can...
The Multigap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) is now the timing device of choice especially when
large area coverage is required. In this presentation I will cover the factors that are important to
generate excellent timing. Related to this is the growth of the avalanche within the gas gap:
measurements of the total charge observed in the MRPC will be presented. Front-end electronics
plays...
The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment, dedicated to the study of secondary cosmic rays, is arguably the largest detector system in the world implemented by Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers. The EEE network consists of 60 telescopes, each made by three MRPCs, distributed over all the Italian territory and allows to reconstruct the trajectory of cosmic muons with high efficiency and...
During the LHC Run-I (2010-2013) and Run-II (2015-2018), the selection of interesting events for muon physics in ALICE was performed by a dedicated muon trigger system, based on 72 single-gap bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs), operated in maxi-avalanche mode (ADULT front-end electronics without amplification and a threshold of 7 mV).
From Run-III (starting in 2021) on, in order to...
In 2018-2019 a latitudinal survey of the rate of cosmic rays at sea level was performed by the TRISTAN detector, an autonomous system composed by three planes of RPCs (120x150 cm²). The detector made a two-way journey on board of the Spanish Sarmiento de Gamboa vessel between Vigo (Spain) and Punta Arenas (Chile), measuring continually the cosmic ray rate throughout the Atlantic crossing. In...
The CMS experiment implements a two-level triggering system composed of Level-1, instrumented by custom-design hardware boards, and a software High Level Trigger. To cope with the more challenging luminosity conditions, a new Level-1 architecture has been deployed during run II. This new architecture exploits in a better way the redundancy and complementarity of the three muon subsystems:...
The advent of thin-gap RPCs with 1 mm gas gaps instead of 2 mm in the present RPCs opened the possibility to instrument the inner barrel layer of the ATLAS muon spectrometer where there is very limited amount of space in radial direction from the beam line. The environment is particularly dense in the barrel end-cap transition region. A compact mechanical structure coping with the expected...
The future Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research (FAIR), currently in construction in Darmstadt, Germany, is one of the largest research projects world wide. The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is one of the main pillars at FAIR, studying the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram at high baryon densities with unprecedented interaction rate in heavy ion collisions up to 10...
During the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the instantaneous luminosity would be increased to
The present RPC trigger system in the ATLAS muon barrel was designed according to a reference luminosity of 10^34 cm-2 s-1 with a safety factor of 5, with respect to the simulated background rates, corresponding to about 300 fb-1 integrated luminosity. HL-LHC will reach a 7.5 times higher luminosity, and correspondingly higher rate, an expected integrated luminosity of 5000 fb-1 and a total...
