The intense ultra-short XUV pulses of the free-electron laser FLASH@DESY fluctuate from pulse to pulse due to the underlying SASE-FEL operating principle and thus demand single-shot diagnostics. To cope with this, a beamline (FL21) for temporal diagnostics was designed, built and put into operation at FLASH2 in 2019.
The beamline has been equipped with a permanently installed terahertz...
Since the generation of the first sub-femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses in 2001 [1], the frontiers of ultrafast science have been rapidly expanded by attosecond time-resolved techniques. Notably, attosecond streaking spectroscopy has been used to reconstruct the electric field of light pulses, clock core-hole decay lifetimes, and even measure photoemission delays as short as tens of...
Angle resolved photo-electron spectrometers with micro-channel plate detectors and combined with fast digitizer electronics are versatile and powerful devices for providing both soft and hard X-ray non-invasive single shot photon diagnostics at MHz repetition rate X-ray free-electron lasers.
Hard X-ray beamlines imposes specific design challenges due to poor photo-ionization cross-section and...
