Speaker
Description
The Airborne Lightning Observatory for FEGS and TGFs (ALOFT) campaign, conducted during the summer of 2023 on-board a NASA ER-2 research aircraft, investigated Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) and gamma-ray glows from thunderclouds over Central America, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean. Flying at an altitude of 20 km, the NASA ER-2 was equipped with an advanced scientific payload: a suite of gamma-ray detectors with a dynamic range covering several orders of magnitude in flux and the full energy spectrum necessary for detecting TGFs and gamma-ray glows; the Fly’s Eye GLM Simulator (FEGS), sensitive to various wavelengths; electric field change meters (EFCM); the Lightning Instrument Package (LIP) for three-component electric field measurements; an array of microwave radiometers and radars for cloud characterization, including the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR), Configurable Scanning Submillimeter-wave Instrument/Radiometer (CoSSIR), Cloud Radar System (CRS), and X-band Radar (EXRAD). The suite was complemented by extensive ground-based radio observations.
Over the course of 10 flights totaling 60 hours (about 30 above thunderstorms), the campaign resulted in the detection of 130 transient gamma-ray events and hundreds of gamma-ray glows, revealing that thunderclouds can glow for hours and span several thousands of square kilometers—far exceeding previous estimations of duration and area. In this presentation, we will provide an overview of ALOFT's key findings related to Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs), Flickering Gamma-ray Flashes (FGFs), and observations of Gamma-ray Glows and Glow Bursts.