Coordinatori
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
- Carla Sbarra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
- Carla Sbarra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
- Carla Sbarra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
- Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
- Petra Merkel (Fermilab)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Carla Sbarra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Carla Sbarra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Carla Sbarra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
Operation, Performance and Upgrade (Incl. HL-LHC) of Present Detectors
- Carla Sbarra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
- Felix Reidt (CERN)
- Tiziano Camporesi (CERN)
With proton-proton collisions about to restart at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the ATLAS detector will double the integrated luminosity the LHC accumulated in the ten previous years of operation. After this data-taking period the LHC will undergo an ambitious upgrade program to be able to deliver an instantaneous luminosity of $7.5\times 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ allowing to collect more...
The increase of the particle flux at the HL-LHC with instantaneous luminosities up to L ≃ 7.5 × 10^34 cm^−2s^−1 will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector performance. The forward region where the liquid Argon calorimeter has coarser granularity and the inner tracker has poorer momentum resolution will be particularly affected. A High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed...
The Upgrade II of the LHCb experiment is proposed for the long shutdown 4 of the LHC. The upgraded detector will operate at a maximum luminosity of $1.5x10^{34}$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, with the aim of integrating ~300 fb$^{-1}$ through the lifetime of the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The collected data will allow to fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, probing a wide...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undergoing an extensive upgrade program to prepare for the challenging conditions of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). A new timing detector in CMS will measure minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) with a time resolution of ~40-50 ps per hit and coverage up to |η|=3. The precision time information from this MIP...
The MIP Timing Detector (MTD) is a new sub-detector planned for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN, aimed at maintaining the excellent particle identification and reconstruction efficiency of the CMS detector during the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era. The MTD will provide new and unique capabilities to CMS by measuring the time-of-arrival of minimum ionizing particles with a...
The intriguing phenomena emerging in the high-density QCD matter are being widely studied in the heavy ion program at the LHC and will be understood more deeply during the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era. The CMS experiment is under the Phase II upgrade towards the HL-LHC era. A new timing detector is proposed with timing resolution for minimum ionization particles (MIP) to be 30ps. The MIP...
The CMS Collaboration is preparing to replace its endcap calorimeters for the HL-LHC era with a high-granularity calorimeter (HGCAL). The HGCAL will have fine segmentation in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, and will be the first such calorimeter specifically optimized for particle-flow reconstruction to operate at a colliding-beam experiment. The proposed design uses silicon...
A new era of hadron collisions will start around 2028 with the High-Luminosity LHC, that will allow to collect ten times more data that what has been collected so far at the LHC. This is possible thanks to a higher instantaneous luminosity and higher number of collisions per bunch crossing.
To meet the new trigger and data acquisition requirements and withstand the high expected radiation...
The High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) at CERN will provide unprecedented instantaneous and integrated luminosities of around 5 x 10^34 cm-2 s-1 and 3000/fb, respectively. An average of 140 to 200 collisions per bunch-crossing (pileup) is expected. In the barrel region of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL), the lead tungstate crystals and avalanche...
The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment. It is a sampling calorimeter with steel as absorber and scintillators as active medium. The scintillators are readout by wavelength shifting fibers coupled to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The TileCal response and its readout electronics are monitored to better than 1% using...
Within the upgrade program of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the HL-LHC data taking, the installation of a new timing layer to measure the time of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) with a time resolution of ~30-40 ps is planned. The time information of the tracks from this new MIP Timing Detector (MTD) will improve the rejection of spurious...
The LHC luminosity will significantly increase in the coming years. Many of the current detectors in different subsystems need to be replaced or upgraded. The new ones should be capable not only to cope with the high particle rate, but also to provide improved time information to reduce the data ambiguity due to the expected high pileup. The CMS collaboration have shown that the new improved...
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to collide protons at a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV and to reach the unprecedented peak instantaneous luminosity of 7 x 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1 with an average number of pileup events of 200. This will allow the ATLAS and CMS experiments to collect integrated luminosities up to 4000 fb^-1 during the project lifetime. To cope...
The Large Hadron Collider at CERN will undergo a major upgrade in the Long Shutdown 2 from 2026-2028. The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to deliver peak instantaneous luminosities up to 7.5E34/cm2/s and an integrated luminosity in excess of 3000/fb during ten years of operation. In order to fully exploit the delivered luminosity and to cope with the demanding operating conditions,...
In the high-luminosity era of the Large Hadron Collider, the instantaneous luminosity is expected to reach unprecedented values, resulting in up to 200 proton-proton interactions in a typical bunch crossing. To cope with the resulting increase in occupancy, bandwidth and radiation damage, the ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced by an all-silicon system, the Inner Tracker (ITk). The innermost...
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) is expected to provide an integrated luminosity of 4000 fb-1, that will allow to perform precise measurements in the Higgs sector and improve searches of new physics at the TeV scale.
The HL-LHC higher particle fluences and will requested radiation hardness, the increased average proton-proton pile-up interactions, require a significant...
The high luminosity upgrade for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN requires a complete overhaul of the current inner detectors of ATLAS and CMS. These new detectors will consist of all-silicon tracking detectors. A serial powering scheme has been chosen in order to cope with the various constraints of the new detectors. In order to verify this new powering scheme and provide input for various...
The upgrade to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), with its increase to 140-200 proton-proton collisions per bunch crossing, poses formidable challenges for track reconstruction. The Inner Tracker (ITk) is a silicon-only replacement of the current ATLAS tracking system as part of its Phase-II upgrade, designed to meet the challenges and continue to deliver high-performance track reconstruction....
ALICE has undergone a major upgrade in preparation of LHC Run 3 (2022-2025). The new Inner Tracking System is completely based on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors, the Time Projection Chamber was equipped with GEM-based readout chambers, and the muon system was upgraded and extended by the Muon Forward Tracker. New trigger detectors were also installed to allow the clean identification of...
During the long shutdown 2, the ALICE experiment undertook major detector and software upgrades bringing a paradigm shift in the operation and performance of the new detector.
Run 3 started at the end of October 2021 with the first colliding proton-proton beams, the so-called "pilot beam". On this occasion, the ALICE experiment successfully recorded pp collisions at 900 GeV, proving its...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) recently completed its Run-2 operation period (2015-2018) which delivered an integrated luminosity of 156 fb-1 at the centre-of-mass $pp$ collision energy of 13~TeV. This marked 10 years of successful operation by the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT), which operated during Run-2 with instantaneous luminosity and pileup conditions that were far in excess of what...
The tracking performance of the ATLAS detector relies critically on its 4-layer
Pixel Detector. As the closest detector component to the interaction point, this detector is subjected to a significant amount of radiation over its lifetime. By the end of the LHC proton-proton collision RUN2 in 2018, the innermost layer IBL, consisting of planar and 3D pixel sensors, had received an integrated...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) a general purpose experiment to explore the physics of the TeV scale in $pp$-collisions provided by the CERN LHC. Muons constitute an important signature of new physics and their detection, triggering, reconstruction and identification is guaranteed by various subdetectors using different detection systems: Drift Tubes (DT) and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) in...
The LHCb experiments is in the commissioning phase of an ambitious upgrade project that will allow improved sensitivity to interesting beauty and charm decays with a combination of higher luminosity and the deployment of a purely software trigger. A key element of the trigger is a fast-tracking algorithm based on the vertex detector, and a tracking system located in front of the LHCb magnet,...
In Run 3 the LHCb experiment operates at an instantaneous luminosity a factor five higher compared to the previous runs, with sensitive parts of the upgraded detector as close as 5 mm to the beam. Hence, radiation and background levels should be carefully monitored to protect the experiment from effects ranging from poor data quality to instantaneous damage. To this end, LHCb is equipped with...
Many physics analyses using the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the LHC require accurate, high resolution electron and photon energy measurements. Excellent energy resolution is crucial for studies of Higgs boson decays with electromagnetic particles in the final state, as well as searches for very high mass resonances decaying to energetic photons or electrons. The CMS electromagnetic...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector is one of the two multi-purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and has a broad physics program. Many aspects of this program depend on our ability to trigger, reconstruction and identify events with final state electrons, positrons, and photons with the CMS detector with excellent efficiency and high resolution.
In this talk we...
The ability to identify jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) is of essential importance for the scientific program of the ATLAS experiment. Cutting-edge machine learning techniques underpin the design of the algorithms used to identify b-jets. Their performance is measured thoroughly in data, for each jet flavour, and used to correct the simulation. The scope of the algorithm and calibration is...
The CMS-HF calorimeter uses quartz fibers as active elements to measure the energy of the particles. Since the CMS-HF detector is in a high radiation area, radiation effects decrease the performance of the detector by gradually damaging the active elements. As a consequence, losing transparency in the fibers causes gradual change in the calibration of the detector. Hence, the change in the...
The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the central section of the hadronic calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment. It provides essential information for reconstructing hadrons, jets, hadronic decays of tau leptons and missing transverse energy. This sampling calorimeter uses steel plates as an absorber and scintillating tiles as the active medium. The light produced by the tiles is transmitted...
Precision luminosity measurements are an essential ingredient to cross section measurements at the LHC, needed to determine fundamental parameters of the standard model and to constrain or discover beyond-the-standard-model phenomena. The luminosity measurement of the CMS detector at the LHC, using proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV during the 2015-2018 data-taking period (“Run 2”), is...
The high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) is foreseen to reach an instantaneous luminosity a factor of five to seven times the nominal LHC design value. The resulting, unprecedented requirements for background monitoring and luminosity measurement create the need for new high-precision instrumentation at CMS, using radiation-hard detector technologies. This contribution introduces the...
A precise measurement of the luminosity is a crucial input for many ATLAS physics analyses, and represents the leading uncertainty for W, Z and top cross-section measurements. The final ATLAS luminosity determination for the Run-2 13 TeV dataset is described, based on van der Meer scans during dedicated running periods each year to set the absolute scale, which is then extrapolated to...
The ATLAS physics program at High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) calls for a precision in the luminosity measurement of 1%. A larger uncertainty would represent the dominant systematic error in precision measurements, including the Higgs sector. To fulfill such requirement in an environment characterized by up to 140 simultaneous interactions per crossing (200 in the ultimate scenario), ATLAS will...
The LHCb detector optimised its performance in Run 1 and 2 by stabilising the instantaneous luminosity during a fill. This is achieved by tuning the distance between the two colliding beams according to the measurement of instantaneous luminosity from hardware-based trigger counters. The upgraded LHCb detector operates at fivefold instantaneous luminosity compared to the previous runs, and it...
Cross section measurements in hadronic collisions are crucial to the physics program of ALICE. These measurements require a precise knowledge of the luminosity delivered by the LHC. Luminosity determination in ALICE is based on visible cross sections measured in dedicated calibration sessions, the van der Meer (vdM) scans.
This contribution presents a review of the ALICE luminosity...
The physics reach of the LHCb detector can be extended by reconstructing particles with a long lifetime that decay downstream of the dipole magnet, using only hits in the furthest tracker from the interaction point. This allows for electromagnetic dipole moment measurements, and increases the reach of beyond the Standard Model long-lived particle searches. However, using tracks to reconstruct...
Measurements of Jet energy scale (JES) and resolution (JER) are presented, based on the legacy reconstruction of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by CMS in 2016-2018.
Precision measurement of JES is of the utmost importance for the vast majority of physics measurements and searches at CMS. The high number of additional proton-proton interactions (event pileup), a harsh...
Jet and Missing transverse momentum (MET), used to infer the presence of high transverse momentum neutrinos or other weakly interacting neutral particles, are two of the most important quantities to reconstruct at a hadron collider. They are both used by many searches and measurements in ATLAS. New techniques combining calorimeter and tracker measurements, called Particle Flow and Unified...
Leptons reconstruction performance plays a crucial role in the precision and sensitivity of the Large Hadon Collider (LHC) data analysis of the ATLAS experiment. The 139/fb of proton-proton collision data collected during the LHC Run-2 poses both a challenge and opportunity for the detector performance. Using di-electron and di-muon resonances we are able to calibrate to sub per-mil accuracy...
The Liquid Argon Calorimeters are employed by ATLAS for all electromagnetic calorimetry in the pseudo-rapidity region |η| < 3.2, and for hadronic and forward calorimetry in the region from |η| = 1.5 to |η| = 4.9. They also provide inputs to the first level of the ATLAS trigger. After successful period of data taking during the LHC Run-2 between 2015 and 2018 the ATLAS detector entered into the...
The innermost tracking system of the CMS experiment, called the tracker, consists of two tracking devices, the Silicon Pixel and Silicon Strip detectors. The tracker was specifically designed to very accurately determine the trajectory of charged particles or tracks. This is achieved by ensuring an accuracy or so-called intrinsic resolution on the position measurement of the electrical signals...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) features a sophisticated two-level triggering system composed of the Level 1 (L1), instrumented by custom-design hardware boards, and the High Level Trigger (HLT), a software based trigger based on the complete event information and full detector resolution. The CMS L1 Trigger relies on separate calorimeter and muon...
The ATLAS Trigger in Run 3 is expected to record on average around 1.7
kHz of primary 13.6 TeV physics data, along with a substantial
additional rate of delayed data (to be reconstructed at a later date)
and trigger-level-analysis data, surpassing the instantaneous data
volumes collected during Run 2.
Events will be selected based on physics signatures such as the presence
of energetic...
The High-Luminosity LHC will open an unprecedented window on the weak-scale nature of the universe, providing high-precision measurements of the standard model as well as searches for new physics beyond the standard model. Such precision measurements and searches require information-rich datasets with a statistical power that matches the high-luminosity provided by the Phase-2 upgrade of the...
Events with muons in the final state are fundamental for detecting a large variety of physics processes in the ATLAS Experiment, including both high precision Standard Model measurements and new physics searches. For this purpose, the ATLAS Muon Trigger has been designed and developed into two levels: a hardware based system (Level-1) and a software based reconstruction (High Level Trigger)....
The performance of the Inner Detector tracking trigger of the ATLAS experiment at the LHC is evaluated for the data taking period of Run-2 (2015-2018). The Inner Detector tracking was used for the muon, electron, tau and b-jet triggers, and its high performance is essential for a wide variety of ATLAS physics programs such as many precision measurements of the Standard Model and searches for...
The global feature extractor (gFEX) is a component of the Level-1 Calorimeter trigger Phase-I upgrade for the ATLAS experiment. This new high-speed electronics system is intended to identify patterns of energy associated with the hadronic decays of high momentum Higgs, W, & Z bosons, top quarks, and exotic particles in hard real time at the LHC crossing rate. The single board is packaged in an...
The upgraded LHCb detector will take data at a five times higher instantaneous luminosity. In this talk we will cover the performance of the all-new tracking detectors and demonstrate how their improved granularity helps the LHCb Upgrade not only maintain but improve on the previous LHCb detector performance in many key areas. We also cover the particle identification performance for hadrons...
From 2022 the LHCb experiment will use a triggerless readout system collecting data at an event rate of 30 MHz and a data rate of 4 Terabytes/second. A software-only High Level Trigger will enable unprecedented flexibility for trigger selections. During the first stage (HLT1), track reconstruction and vertex fitting for charged particles enable a broad and efficient selection process to reduce...
LHCb's second level trigger, deployed on a CPU server farm, not only selects events but performs an offline-quality alignment and calibration of the detector and uses this information to allow physics analysts to deploy essentially their full offline analysis level selections (including computing isolation, flavour tagging, etc) at the trigger level. This “real time analysis” concept has also...
The Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system is a new ATLAS DAQ component designed to meet the evolving needs of detector readout into the High-Luminosity LHC era. FELIX acts as the interface between the data acquisition; detector and trigger timing and systems; and new or updated trigger and detector front-end electronics. FELIX also routes data between custom serial links from front-end...
During Run 3, the LHC will deliver instantaneous luminosity in the range 5 x 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1 to 7 x 10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. To cope with the high background rates and to improve the trigger capabilities in the forward region, the muon system of the CMS experiment has been upgraded with two new stations of detectors (GE1/1), one in each endcap, based on triple-GEM technology. The system was...
After Run 3, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will be upgraded to its High Luminosity phase (HL-LHC). The triggering capabilities in the forward region of the CMS detector will be enhanced to accommodate the dramatic increase in collision rate. New stations of triple-layer Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors will be installed in the endcap regions of the CMS muon system. The first set of...
The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) program will pose a great challenge for the different components CMS Muon Detector. Existing systems, which consist of Drift Tubes (DT), Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) and Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC), will have to operate at 5 times larger instantaneous luminosity than designed for, and, consequently, will have to sustain about 10 times the original LHC...
The muon spectrometer of the ATLAS detector has recently undergone a major upgrade in preparation for operation under experimental conditions foreseen at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). Two New Small Wheels (NSW) have been constructed and installed to replace the first muon stations in the high-rapidity regions of ATLAS detector. This new system is designed to provide improved muon trigger...
After three years of shutdown (LS2), the LHC restarted in April 2022 and the plan is to run at an average instantaneous luminosity of 2.0 x 1033cm-2s-1 at the LHCb interaction point, a factor 5 higher than the previous runs. In order to cope with the increased luminosity and to take data at the full bunch crossing frequency (30MHz visible interaction rate) in trigger-less mode, the LHCb...
The MoEDAL experiment deployed at IP8 on the LHC ring was the first dedicated search experiment to take data at the LHC in 2010. It was designed to search for Highly Ionizing Particle (HIP) avatars of new physics such as magnetic monopoles, dyons, Q-balls, multiply charged particles, and massive slowly moving charged particles in p-p and heavy-ion collisions. The MoEDAL detector will be...
A variety of detectors have been developed in both accelerator-based and non-accelerator-based experiments for the study of positronium physics beyond the standard model reported in early 2000 after solving the lifetime-puzzle of positronium. The KNU Advanced Positronium Annihilation Experiment (KAPAE) was constructed to study rare decay of positronium, search for QED violation of C, CP and...
A key focus of the physics program at the LHC is the study of head-on proton-proton collisions. However, an important class of physics can be studied for cases where the protons narrowly miss one another and remain intact. In such cases the electromagnetic fields surrounding the protons can interact producing high energy photon-photon collisions, for example. Alternatively, interactions...
Fast timing detectors have become more and more important for high energy physics and other technological application, with their development being crucial for several aspect of the High Luminosity LHC program. The CMS Proton Precision Spectrometer (PPS), operating at the LHC, makes use of 3D silicon tracking stations to measure the kinematics of protons scattered in the very forward region,...
The Precision Proton Spectrometer (PPS) started operating in 2016 and has collected more than 110 fb−1 of data over the course of the LHC Run 2, now fully available for physics analysis. The talk will discuss the key features of PPS alignment and optics calibrations developed from scratch. The reconstructed proton distributions, performance of the PPS simulation and finally validation of the...
