High precision X-ray measurements 2021

X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy studies on GeTe based Phase-Change Materials

9 Jun 2021, 10:40

20m

Contribution type Session

Speaker

Francesco D'Acapito (CNR)

Description

Phase-change materials (PCMs), mainly based on chalcogenide alloys based on compounds lying on the GeTe/Sb₂Te₃ pseudo binary line of the Ge-Sb-Te ternary phase diagram (namely GST alloys such as GeTe, Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ …), are a promising and widely studied class of materials for the production of non-volatile Phase-Change Memories and innovative Storage Class Memories [1].
GeTe can be considered as a prototypical system of the PCM family. Therefore, this explains that it has been the subject of a huge number of studies aiming at describing its structure in order to unveil origin of the unique properties of PCMs. GeTe is also a building block of the so called Interfacial Phase-Change Memory (IPCM) where very thin layers of 0.7 nm of (GeTe)₂ are deposited alternatively with pseudo-2D Sb2Te3 layers by means of van der Waals epitaxy [2, 3].
One aspect that determines heavily the macroscopic behaviour of these materials in their amorphous state is the presence of peculiar and somehow undesired homopolar bonds like Ge-Ge. For this kind of studies, X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is an ideal experimental technique as it permits the analysis of the local environment of selected components of the alloy. Ge-Ge bonds are reported to play a major role in the amorphous phase of GST alloys where the presence of this anomaly has been related to be at origin of an increased crystallisation time [4]. In the case of GeTe films, a careful analysis of XAS data show that the role of Ge-Ge bonds is related to the resistance drift phenomenon that represents a major hurdle for the development of multi-level memories with PCMs [5].
In the case of structurally complex IPCMs the use of ab-initio calculated of XAS spectra from theoretical structures permitted to address the problem of intermixing between the GeTe and SbTe layers [6] as evidenced in a recent study [7].

REFERENCES

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3. D. Térébénec, et al., Phys. status solidi – Rapid Res. Lett. 15, 2000538 (2021).
4. E. Carria et al. Electrochemical and Solid state Letters 14, h480 (2011).
5. P. Noé et al, J. Phys. D 49, 035305 (2016).
6. P. Kowalczyk et al., Small 14, 1704514 (2018).
7. F. d’Acapito et al., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 53 (2020) 404002.