Speaker
Description
Dual-readout calorimetry is one of the technologies of interest for the next generation of leptonic colliders such as FCC-ee. By simultaneously detecting scintillation and Cherenkov signals, it promises a jet energy resolution of ≈3–4% at 90 GeV and represents the baseline solution within the IDEA detector concept. The HiDRa (Highly Granular Dual-Readout Calorimeter) demonstrator represents an important step towards a modular and cost-effective solution designed to meet the stringent 4π geometry requirements of collider experiments. Part of the demonstrator has been instrumented with Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) enabling fine transversal segmentation. This approach offers improved calorimetric performance along with compatibility with particle-flow-like algorithms.
Extensive simulations, supported by several beam tests at the CERN SPS have demonstrated encouraging results. At the same time, they underlined the importance of the equalization and calibration of the readout chain in the highly granular modules (nearly 10,000 SiPMs to be equalized). This aspect may represent a potential bottleneck when scaling to the more than 50 million channels foreseen in a full detector geometry.
To address these challenges, a dedicated R&D program has been launched to design a custom SPAD array in 110 nm CMOS technology (ASPIDES), specifically tailored to the requirements of the fibre-sampling dual-readout calorimeter. The project aims to go beyond the SiPM by providing digital outputs (i.e. number of cells fired and timing information) capable to guarantee the performance required by the detector. In this respect, it is crucial to investigate the impact of the spurious effects (i.e. dark counts and cross talks) which are expected to be more pronounced than those observed with SiPMs.
This contribution will review the readout and calibration strategies developed for the HiDRa prototype, summarize the lessons learned from recent beam tests, and define the key requirements that the next generation of digital SiPMs will need to meet. Finally, we will illustrate how these requirements are being implemented in the ASPIDES development, paving the way for a scalable solution for dual-readout calorimetry at future lepton colliders.
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