Conveners
Front End, Trigger, DAQ and Data Mangement - Poster session
- Martin Grossmann (Paul Scherrer Institut)
- Lodovico Ratti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
This work discusses the design of analog front-end circuits for future, high-rate pixel detector applications. The front-end design activity is being carried out in the framework of the INFN Falaphel project, aiming at the development and integration of silicon photonics modulators with high speed, rad-hard electronics in a 28 nm CMOS technology. The project targets the tracker of the hadronic...
Several detectors for the next generation of particle physics experiments will make use of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) to detect scintillation photons in liquid Argon. Cryogenic operation reduces dark counts by orders of magnitude, and allows to retain single photon sensitivity even if large arrays of SiPMs are readout by a single amplifier. The total capacitance of a SiPM array with a...
The High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider is expected to start in 2027 and to provide an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1 in ten year, a factor 10 more than what will be collected by 2021. This high statistics will allow to perform precise measurements in the. Higgs sector and improve searches of new physics at the TeV scale. The luminosity needed is L ~7.5 1034 cm-2 s-1, corresponding...
The abundance of data arriving in the new runs of the Large Hadron Collider creates tough requirements for the amount and consecutively speed of simulation generation. Current approaches can suffer from long generation time and lack of important storage resources to preserve the simulated datasets. The development of the new fast generation techniques is thus crucial for the proper functioning...
In this paper, a highly customisable and comprehensive data acquisition system (DAQ) is presented. It is applied to a novel reconfigurable Dose-3D detector intended for a full spatial therapeutic dose reconstruction to improve radiotherapy treatment planning by providing a breakthrough detector with active voxels (more details are provided in another contribution).
The basic element of the...
Time Series Classification (TSC) is an important and challenging problem for many subject-matter domains and applications. It consists in assigning a class to a specific time series, recorded from sensors or live observations over time.
TSC finds application in different fields, such as finance, medicine, robotics and physics, and it can be used mainly for: Failure prediction, Anomaly...
The cluster counting/timing technique in a drift chamber is a consolidated technique to obtain a bias free impact parameter estimate. The application of this technique requires to identify the clusters of avalanching electrons from each primary ionization event. This is done by digitizing the signal from the sense wire in a drift chamber and applying an algorithm for peaks identification. The...
Using a bulk Micro-Megas (MM) detector a precise energy measurement can be obtained collecting the total charge reaching the mesh electrode connected to a low noise charge sensitive preamplifier. When operating such a device in a low-pressure gas regime, it is necessary to modify the amplification gap geometry to reach the optimal detector gain, reducing the discharge probability between the...
The increase of the particle flux (pile-up) at the HL-LHC with instantaneous luminosities up to 7.5×10^34 cm^(-2) s^(-1) will have a severe impact on the ATLAS detector reconstruction and trigger performance. The end-cap and forward region where the liquid Argon calorimeter has coarser granularity and the inner tracker has poorer momentum resolution will be particularly affected. A High...
The Tracking Ultraviolet Setup (TUS) and Multiwavelength Imaging New Instrument for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (Mini-EUSO) are the first two space missions of the JEM-EUSO (Joint Experiment Missions for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory) program devoted to demonstrate the detection principle of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) from space. TUS operated in 2016 and 2017 as...
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the neutrino-less coherent conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus. The observation of this process would be the unambiguous evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Mu2e detectors comprise a strawtracker, an electromagnetic calorimeter and a veto for cosmic rays. The calorimeter provides excellent electron...
Future experiments at the LHC (beyond Phase-II upgrades) and in future colliders (like FCC) will need radiation tolerant multi-Gbps serial links for the detector readout. The most challenging components of those links are radiation tolerant (up to 1 Grad) Serializers and Deserializers (SERDES).
Current SERDES developed for the HL-LHC have limited radiation hardness (200 Mrad). We will present...
The WaveDAQ data acquisition system has been developed at PSI, Switzerland in collaboration with INFN Pisa in the past nine years. It features integrated data acquisition up to 5 GSPS/12 bits of resolution using the DRS4 chip, combined with sophisticated triggering capabilities. The DAQ boards of this system have integrated bias voltage generation for SiPMs, shaping, pre-amplification and...
Traditionally FPGA firmware was developed solely with Hardware Description Languages (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL.
However, with the steady improvements of tools like Vivado HLS (High Level Synthesis) it is now possible to write parts of the firmware with higher level languages like C++.
Using HLS allows faster development cycles, easier code reuse and, most importantly, to efficiently...
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab searches for the $\mu^-$ conversion in the Coulomb field of an Al nucleus. The kinematics of this process is well-modelled by a two-body decay, resulting in a mono-energetic electron with the recoil of the atomic nucleus and with no neutrinos in the final state. The conversion electron (CE) has the energy of about the muon rest mass (104.967 MeV).
After three...
The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on a Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2) is a stratospheric balloon mission developed within the JEM-EUSO Program that will serve as a prototype for future satellite-based missions, including K-EUSO and the Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger$~$Astrophysics (POEMMA). EUSO-SPB2 consists of two telescopes. The first is a Cherenkov Telescope, based on Silicon...
Recently, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become the best platforms for data acquisition, providing both high capacity of logic resources and unique pipelined processing in real-time capabilities. The talk will present details of the FPGA-based data acquisition system and readout electronics, designed for the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography (J-PET) detector [1-4]. The...
The High Luminosity LHC will start to operate from LHC Run 4 2029, and will see the ATLAS experiment operating in an increasingly harsh collision environment. This has motivated a series of upgrades, to be installed during the long experimental shutdown from 2026 to 2029. One key change among these is the upgrade of the Front-End Link eXchange (FELIX) system, which was developed to improve the...
This talk introduces and shows the simulated performance of two FPGA-based techniques to improve fast track finding in the ATLAS trigger. A fast track trigger is being developed in ATLAS for the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the goal of which is to provide the high-level trigger with full-scan tracking at 100 kHz in the high pile-up conditions of the HL-LHC....
The Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT) is a Medium-Sized Telescope proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). The current prototype is installed at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) in Arizona , USA. The camera is only partially equipped and is being upgraded with improved SiPM sensors and a new Front End Electronics Module (FEEM) for the full focal plane. The new FEEMs aim...
Gravitational waves have opened a new window on the Universe and paved the way to a new era of multimessenger observations of cosmic sources. Second-generation ground-based detectors such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo have been extremely successful in detecting gravitational wave signals from coalescence of black holes and/or neutron stars. However, in order to reach the required...
The HGCROC ASICs are dedicated very front-end electronics designed to read out the High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), which will replace the present end-cap calorimeters of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the Compact Muon Solenoid collaboration (CMS). They are declined in two flavors: HGCROC to read out the Silicon pads of the electromagnetic and front hadronic sections and H2GCROC to...
The Mu2E collaboration has developed a digitizer board that samples
up to 20 signals with a sampling frequency of 200 MHz on 12 bits.
The digitizer has been qualified to operate in the hostile environment of Mu2E.
The qualification levels are Total Ionizing Dose (TID) of 12 Krad and Neutron
fluence of 5x1010 n / cm2 @ 1 MeVeq (Si) / y, 1T magnetic field, level of vacuum of 10-4...
Next-generation cryogenic bolometric detectors, like those used for the CUPID and CROSS experiments for the search of neutrinoless double beta decay, will also identify the type of the interacting particle by measuring the amount of scintillation light produced in the crystals. Light signals are characterized by a faster response with respect to heat signals and will thus require different...
Coordinating firmware development among many international collaborators is becoming a very widespread problem in high-energy physics. Guaranteeing firmware synthesis reproducibility and assuring traceability of binary files is paramount.
We devised [Hog][1] - HDL on git, a set of Tcl and Shell scripts that tackles these issues and is deeply integrated with HDL IDEs, such as Xilinx Vivado...
Ultra-low mass and high granularity Drift Chambers fulfill the requirements of tracking systems for modern High Energy Physics experiments at future high luminosity accelerators (FCC or CEPC). For this purpose, it is required the ability of reaching the expected resolutions and rate performance. The application of the Cluster Counting/Timing technique adds a valuable PID capabilities with...
The ICARUS T600 LAr TPC is located at shallow depth along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and NuMI off-axis beam lines at Fermilab with the aim to search for sterile neutrinos in the context of SBN program. A system based on 360 large area Hamamatsu R5912-MOD Photo Multiplier Tubes (PMTs) is used to detect the VUV scintillation light emitted by ionizing particles, allowing for the trigger and...
The search for signals beyond the Standard Model can be pursued through precision measurements of flavour-changing processes, such as muon decays. In this regard, the MEG II experiment at PSI searches for the $\mu \to e \gamma$ decay with a sensitivity of $6 \cdot 10^{-14}$ at $90\%$ of confidence level. Furthermore, the MEG II apparatus appears to be competitive in searching for more exotic...
Within the Phase-II upgrade of the LHC, the readout electronics of the ATLAS LAr Calorimeters is prepared for high luminosity operation expecting a pile-up of up to 200 simultaneous pp interactions. Moreover, the calorimeter signals of up to 25 subsequent collisions are overlapping, which increases the difficulty of energy reconstruction. Real-time processing of digitized pulses sampled at 40...
TEAM NET Project “A reconfigurable detector for measuring the spatial distribution of radiation dose for applications in the preparation of individual patient treatment plans” is being supported by Machine Learning (ML) techniques in building a reconfigurable three-dimensional (3D) detector for rapid and precise measurement of the radiation 3D dose distribution and improving individual...
The Mu2e experiment will search for the CLFV neutrinoless coherent
conversion of muon to electron, in the field of a nucleus. A custom Event
Display has been developed using [TEve][1], a ROOT based 3-D event
visualisation framework. Event displays are
crucial for monitoring and debugging during live data taking as well as
for public outreach. A custom GUI allows event selection and...
The Scalable Read-out System (SRS), developed within CERN's RD51 collaboration to assist the development and use of Micropattern Gaseous Detectors, suits applications from a small scale bench top experiments with a few hundreds of channels, up to large setups using several thousands of channels. Any ASIC collecting the charge events from the detectors can be integrated in the SRS, which will...
We present our developments towards a readout chip prototype for future pixel detectors with timing capabilities. The readout chip is intended for characterizing 4D pixel arrays with a pixel size of the order of 100x100 µm², where the sensors are LGADs. The long term focus is towards a possible application in the extended forward pixel system (TEPX) of the CMS experiment during the HL-LHC. The...
One of the proposed Medium-Sized Telescopes for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the dual mirror optics Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT). The prototype SCT camera is currently equipped with 24 SiPM modules each one made of 64 pixels. The upgrade of the current camera is in progress, with the aim of fully equipping the 177 SiPM modules. A new front-end electronics is being developed...
Optical transceivers have rapidly become essential components in the readout sub-systems of high-energy physics (HEP) experiments. Given the ever-increasing radiation hardness requirements for next-generation colliders, existing readout systems based on directly modulated laser diodes, e.g., VTRx+, will rapidly become ineffective [1]. Properly engineered silicon-based photonic modulators have...
The LHCb Upgrade in Run 3 has changed its trigger scheme for a full software selection in two steps. The first step, HLT1, will be entirely implemented on GPUs and run a fast selection aiming at reducing the visible collision rate from 30 MHz to 1 MHz.
This selection relies on a partial reconstruction of the event. A version of this reconstruction starts with two stand-alone tracking...
The Mu2e experiment at the Fermilab will search for a coherent neutrinoless conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus with a sensitivity improvement by a factor of 10,000 over existing limits. The Mu2e Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TDAQ) uses otsdaq framework as the on-
line Data Acquisition System (DAQ) solution. Developed at Fermilab, otsdaq integrates...
The CBC3.1 is the ?nal version of the readout ASIC for 2S-modules in the outer
radial region of the upgraded CMS Tracker at the High Luminosity LHC. The chip
development was completed in an engineering run in 2018. Subsequently two pre-
production lots of wafers were delivered in 2019, and large scale production deliveries
began in May 2021. So far almost 270 production wafers have been...
The TASS main idea is based on built-in "library of modules", where each module reproduces in a realistic way the panel picture (see Fig in attachment, please note: that is not a photo, that is the TASS rappresentation of a small setup!!) and the electrical and logical behavior of the real one.
A sophisticated GUI allows the user to push buttons, turn knobs, make cable connections, set...
We describe the in-line real time trigger module that provides a majority trigger decision for the ATLAS Forward Proton detector (AFP). A forward proton traverses a sequence of four successive Cherenkov radiators (a “Train”) connected to a fast multi-anode MCP Photomultiplier. Four such trains are mounted next to one another and subdivide the AFP acceptance for diffractive protons is “slices”...
During the LHC long shutdown 2, the ATLAS small wheel has been replaced with a new detector (New Small Wheel - NSW) including technologies such as MicroMegas chambers and sTGC chambers, able to sustain harsher data-taking conditions.
The sTGC Pad Trigger system has been designed to reduce the endcap region trigger fake rate thanks to the multi-layer hit coincidence selection. The Pad trigger...
The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is undergoing an extensive Phase-II upgrade program to cope with the challenging conditions of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). A new timing detector is designed to measure MIPs with a time resolution of 30-60ps during the entire HL-LHC phase. MIP Timing Detector (MTD) will consist of a central barrel region...
The Serenity boards are ATCA-format boards used in the readout of the CMS High-Luminosity upgrade detector, use up to 144 optical (up to 10 Gb/s) input links to transfer data from the front-end (FE) where they will be properly formatted by high-performance FPGAs, and eventually routed via 4 output optical 25 Gb/s links to other BE boards.
We will present the architecture and behavior of the...
The ICARUS-T600 liquid argon (LAr) time projection chamber (TPC) is presently used as a far detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program at Fermilab (USA) to search for a possible LSND-like sterile neutrino signal at Δm2 ~ o(eV2) with the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB).
A light detection system, based on large area Photo-Multiplier Tubes (PMTs), has been realized for ICARUS-T600 to...
The FOOT experiment aims at measuring the nuclear fragmentation of carbon and oxygen nuclei to characterise the secondary products in hadron therapy. C and O beams of an energy in the range 200-400 MeV/u are shot on thin targets, the emerging fragments are reconstructed by the FOOT detector.
Since the projectile fragmentation occurs in less than 10% of the events a sophisticated trigger...
The barrel part of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) consists of 61200 PbWO4 crystals coupled to avalanche photodiodes (APDs). A decrease of the ECAL operating temperature from 18 °C to 9 °C is needed to mitigate the increase in APD noise from radiation-induced dark current in the conditions of the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC. Moreover, a full re-design of the front-end...
The Jiangmn Underground Neutrino Observatory is the state of the art, liquid scintillator based, large neutrino detector. Due to the 20 kt liquid scintillator mass, and thanks to the tight requirements on its optical and radio-purity properties, it will be able to perform leading measurements detecting terrestrial and astropysical neutrinos in a wide energy range(from 200~keV to to several...
The FASER experiment at the LHC will be instrumented with a high precision W-Si preshower to identify and reconstruct electromagnetic showers produced by two O(TeV) photons at distances down to 200µm.
The new detector will feature a monolithic silicon ASIC with hexagonal pixels of 65 µm side, with extended dynamic range for the charge measurement and capability to store the charge information...
The aim of the XENONnT upgrade (at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso) is to increase the experimental sensitivity to Dark Matter detection by an order of magnitude with respect to the previous XENON1T.
This goal can be achieved by means of some important improvements on detector and other systems: a three times larger target mass ( ∼ 8.4 t LXe with respect to 3.2 t in XENON1T) and...
The ATLAS level-1 calorimeter trigger (L1Calo) is a hardware-based system that identifies events containing calorimeter-based physics objects, including electrons, photons, taus, jets, and missing transverse energy. In preparation for Run 3, when the LHC will run at higher energy and instantaneous luminosity, L1Calo is currently implementing a significant programme of planned upgrades. The...
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has envisaged a series of upgrades towards a High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) delivering five times the LHC nominal instantaneous luminosity, that will take place throughout 2026-2028, corresponding to the Long Shutdown 3. During this upgrade, the ATLAS Tile Hadronic Calorimeter (TileCal) will replace completely on- and off-detector electronics adopting a new...
Trackers in high-energy experiment of the next generation must cope with unprecedented high rates and track densities. This poses the need for timing information at the pixel level, high readout frequency and radiation hardness. 28-nm CMOS technology appears having the whole set of characteristics to satisfy such experimental requirements.
Within the TimeSPOT project, we have developed a...
The HL-LHC upgrade will not only significantly increase the collider's physics reach, but also pose challenging requirements on the performance of the detector. To exploit its full physics potential, more selective hardware triggers are required. At the ATLAS experiment, a huge gain in the selectivity of the first-level muon trigger will be accomplished by incorporating the data of the...
The CMS pixel detector for the High-Luminosity LHC (Inner Tracker) will be instrumented by hybrid pixel modules where the sensors are read out by the CMS Readout Chip (CROC), an ASIC developed in CMOS 65 nm technology. The CROC contains more than one billion transistors, with a digital architecture of unprecedented complexity for High Energy Physics and has the novelty to be powered from a...
