The current activities of the ET project, the process for the formation of the collaboration, the ESFRI proposal activities, the ET roadmap and the worlwide scenario will be presented
An overview of the Science Case of Einstein Telescope is presented. The related activities for the preparation of the ET light Technical Design report are discussed
Einstein Telescope will possibly observe mergers of binary black holes (BBHs) and binary neutron stars (BNSs) to redshift z≳10 and z≳2, respectively. Thus, we will be able to characterize the evolution of binary compact objects through cosmic history. Here, we show that constraining the merger rate density and mass evolution of BBHs across cosmic time is a powerful tool to shed...
Next-generation GW observations will uncover binary black holes throughout the entire Universe back to the beginning of star formation, and will detect new source types (if they exist) beyond stellar-mass binaries, such as intermediate-mass black holes. A number of key questions can be posed that will find an answer:
1) What is the merger rate as a function of redshift to the beginning of the...
We will present the seismic studies done at the Sos Enattos mine and also in two other sites: the Matra mine and the Canfranc underground laboratory. In each location we have deployed a set of 3d time synchronized seismometers for an extended period of time. We will describe the experimental setup in each location and present the preliminary analysis of the data as well as the microquake...
The underground environment as well as all surrounding areas the facility which will host Einstein Telescope will have to be characterized for site selection, and after its building for monitoring all possible source of environmental noises. An overview of all physical-chemical processes affecting GW detectors in an underground environment is considered, particularly by: a) seismic...
The background seismic vibrations of either natural or anthropogenic origin are generally dominated by surface Rayleigh waves, whose amplitude rapidly decrease with depth. As a consequence, underground sites offer the most favourable conditions for a low-noise environment. In this study, we provide an assessment of the ground vibrations at the dismissed Sos Enattos mines (Sardinia, Italy), one...
The construction of the underground facilities to host Archimedes experiment poses some challenges for meeting the requirements on the suitable materials to reinforce the rock cavity and build the experimental room. Further constraints are linked to the operational conditions for accessing the site and allowing a safe installation and relocation of the experimental apparatus. Efficient...
The 2011 ET Conceptual Design Report identified the EUregion Meuse-Rhin –the Belgium-Dutch-German border region– as a potential site for Einstein Telescope. This presentation will give an update of the drilling activity to assess the seismic noise and the plans towards a broader geological study. Other issues like a recently published socio-economic impact study, new gravitational-waves...
This presentation will give an overview of technologies needed for 3G detectors, indicate levels of readiness and possible roadmaps.
This talk will give an overview of the short- and long-term plans for the Maastricht 3G prototype interferometer (aka ETpathfinder). The key aims are to test the interplay of 'new' material (silicon), 'new' temperatures (120K and 10K) and 'new' wavelengths (1550nm and 2um) on systems level in a GW detector like environment and at low phase noise.
Terrestrial gravity noise, also known as Newtonian noise (NN), will be a significant low-frequency noise contribution in present and future-wave detectors. Lowering this kind of noise is important since it will allow us to explore the existence of intermediate black holes and improve estimation of source parameters.
Current research focuses on NN from seismic fields. So far, only the...
Recent work has shown that cryopumping effects between the room-temperature and cryogenic vacuum ducts in a cryogenic gravitational-wave detector can result in the growth of a layer of ice on a cryogenic test mass. Work by Kagra colleagues has examined the effect of this ice layer on quantum noise. Here, we consider the thermal noise implications of a growing ice layer. We show that the...
We develop a systematic analysis of the sources of economic impact associated with construction and operating phases of the ET research infrastructure. Specifically, based on a I-O technique we evaluate the direct and induced impact of ET in terms of total output, value added and employment effects. We also briefly discuss and analyse other types of impact including so called social effects.
Discussion on the ET collaboratio, ESFRI roadmap and ET sites
Gravitational Waves (GWs) represent a unique tool to explore the physics and the microphysics of the universe. After the GW direct detections by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration the next target of modern cosmology is the detection of primordial GWs. Even if the main probe of primordial GWs has been so far considered the Cosmic Microwave Background, we will see in this talk how we can extract...
The Transient High-Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) is a space mission concept currently under Phase A study by ESA as candidate M5 mission, aiming at exploiting Gamma-Ray Bursts for investigating the early Universe and at providing a substantial advancement of multi-messenger and time-domain astrophysics. Through an unprecedented combination of X-/gamma-rays monitors, an...
Squeezed light injection, as a method for the reduction of quantum noise, has been already demonstrated in the interferometric GW detectors GEO and LIGO . Recently also Advanced Virgo implemented this solution, and it will join the next observation run (O3), with frequency independent squeezed vacuum injected. This will allow a reduction of the shot noise, which is due to the quantum phase...
In interferometric gravitational wave detectors, thermal noise from the mirrors represents currently the major limitation in most of the detection band. It originates from mechanical dissipation, which is rather low in the substrates, but orders of magnitude higher in the coating films. Although a significant experimental effort has led to some improvements during these years, there is still a...
Abstract
Einstein Telescope is a proposed third-generation gravitational wave detector
which is expected to have an increased broadband sensitivity by a factor of 10
with respect to advanced detectors while also extending the low frequency sen-
sitivity of ground based gravitational wave interferometers below 10 Hz. Grav-
itational wave observations using a network of detectors permits a...
We present the estimates of the impacts related to the construction and operating phases of the Einstein Telescope (ET) research facility. Precisely, we provide estimates of the total output, value added and employment impacts of ET as well as some preliminary estimates of social impact.
A tool for time series analysis based on adaptive methodologies such as Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and its time varying version tvf-EMD, has been developed and applied to characterise seismometer data monitoring Virgo North End Building (NEB) recording during four different acoustic noise injections. The tool quantifies the trend/baseline wandering eventually present in the data and...
The selection of sites for underground gravitational wave detectors based on spectral and cumulative characterization of the low frequency seismic noise. The evaluation of the collected long term seismological data in the Mátra Gravitational and Geophysical Laboratory revealed several drawbacks of the previously established characteristics. Here we demonstrate the problematic aspects of the...
Sardinia ET project involves the realization of an underground infrastructure with two possible geometrical arrays which develop along approximately 30 km of tunnel. The site is near Sos Enattos mine (North-eastern Sardinia), where currently physics laboratories are already active.
The positioning and orientation of the infrastructure and the relative tunnel tracks were chosen taking into...
There are no other large instruments that are limited so much by availability of materials like the Earth based GW detectors. Thermal noise and optical absorption in mirrors and their suspensions are a strong limiting factor for future upgrades of existig detectors and also in new projects like Einstein Telescope. A new group at the Insitut Lumière Matière, Lyon, has been formed with the aim...
The Archimedes experiment is devoted to the measurement of the interaction of vacuum fluctuations and gravity throught the use of a criogenic balance to be placed in the undergriound site of Sos-Enattos, in the SAR-GRAV laboratory. The measurement consists in weighing the condensation energy of stratified type II superconductors, like YBCO, around the transition temperature. The need of a...
