AI-driven classification and pair-matching of 3D fragments of Nuragic pottery

5 Mar 2026, 15:10
20m
Aula Magna di Ostia (Roma Tre)

Aula Magna di Ostia

Roma Tre

Via Bernardino da Monticastro, 1 00122 Lido di Ostia (Rome), Italy
Bits: Digital tools, data analysis and artificial intelligence for cultural heritage Bits

Speaker

Marta Magalini (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Description

This research focuses on the application of advanced digital technologies to the study and restoration of Nuragic pottery. The reconstruction of fragmented archaeological artefacts is a key challenge in cultural heritage research, enabling both the physical restoration of objects and a deeper understanding of their intact shape, typology, and function. Traditional manual reassembly requires time-consuming manual efforts by restorers and archaeologists, while recent advances in 3D digitisation and AI may provide new tools to face this challenge. A recent collaboration between the INFN-CHNet, the Soprintendenza Abap per la città metropolitana di Cagliari e le province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna and Fondazione Barumini has led to the development of an innovative digital pipeline. The project is structured around three main objectives:

1) Dataset: creation and publication of a large open-access dataset of 3D models of intact pottery vessels and their digitally fragmented version usable to train neural networks in object reconstruction tasks.

2) Classification: design, test and validation of a Deep Learning model capable of automatically identify pottery typologies processing shards in the form of 3D point clouds.

3) Partial reassembly: development of a Deep Learning model capable of evaluating adjacency matches between fragment pairs from the analysis of their geometry and fracture surfaces.

The State-Of-The-Art AI-based technologies for the analysis of 3D data will be employed (e.g. PointNet++, DGCNN, GATv2, PointTransformer etc.) with the goal to support the investigation and physical restoration of Nuragic pottery (1700 B.C.E-1000 B.C.E) found at sites under archaeological investigation by the Soprintendenza. Preliminary results of this work will be presented.

Authors

Alessandro Bombini (FI) Marta Magalini (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Serena Barone

Co-authors

Alessandro Lo Giudice (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Alessandro Re (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Francesco Taccetti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Gabriele Pignalberi (Sapienza Università di Roma) Gianfranca Salis (Soprintendenza Abap per la città metropolitana di Cagliari e le province di Oristano e Sud Sardegna) Marco Serra (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Massimiliano Clemenza (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) Michele Ginolfi (Università di Firenze) Stefano Giagu (Sapienza Università di Roma and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)

Presentation materials