Speaker
Description
The challenges posed by upcoming high-energy physics experiments necessitate the development of advanced particle detection technologies that offer exceptional tracking and timing performance while ensuring robustness in harsh environments.
In this contribution, we present a summary of the R&D efforts on $\mu$-RWELL technology, a single-amplification-stage resistive Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD). We highlight the results of extensive tests conducted using X-rays and particle beams, providing a comprehensive characterization of this detector. The typical performance of the μ-RWELL can be summarized as follows: a maximum gas gain on the order of $2\times10^4$, a one-dimensional spatial resolution of approximately 100 μm over a wide range of incidence angles ($0^\circ–45^\circ$), and a time resolution as low as 5 ns.
To meet the stringent requirements of future HEP experiments, which demand unprecedented time resolution, tracking capabilities, and operational stability, we have explored innovative detector layouts beyond the conventional $\mu$-RWELL design. One such development is the G-RWELL, which integrates a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based pre-amplification stage with the classic $\mu$-RWELL structure.
For instance, the Phase-II upgrade of the LHCb muon system requires 100 m² of detectors with a time resolution below 5 ns, capable of sustaining particle fluxes exceeding 500 kHz/cm$^2$. Recent characterization of the G-RWELL using X-rays and muon/pion beams at the CERN PS has demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving maximum gas gains up to 10$^5$ and a time resolution as low as 3.8 ns (single gap), setting a new benchmark among classical MPGDs.
Moreover, the G-RWELL offers a straightforward solution for implementing resistive MPGDs in 2D tracking applications, where high gas gains are typically required. This is particularly relevant for the application of the $\mu$TPC algorithm in reconstructing inclined tracks, which generally necessitate gas gains exceeding 10$^4$ to achieve performance comparable to that of orthogonal tracks. A recent R&D effort, in collaboration with the INFN Roma Tor Vergata group, has focused on studying tracking detectors for the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Preliminary results indicate a spatial resolution well below 100 $\mu$m for perpendicular tracks, with ongoing evaluation of performance for inclined tracks.
The G-RWELL benefits from the ongoing technology transfer of the $\mu$-RWELL, in collaboration with the Italian PCB industry ELTOS, to streamline production for LHCb. Since the $\mu$-RWELL production follows the same standards as PCB manufacturing (SBU-type), approximately half of the fabrication steps have been successfully transferred to ELTOS, with only the finalization of the amplification stage retained at the CERN MPT workshop, the primary producer of MPGDs.
The G-RWELL emerges as a highly promising and innovative technology, offering exceptional reliability, record-breaking gas gains in the MPGD field, and outstanding overall performance.
