Persistent cosmic tensions arise from discrepancies in the cosmological distance ladder constructed from different distance observables, such as BAO and SnIa, which are calibrated using measurements from either the early or late Universe. These tensions are typically evaluated under the assumption that the distance-duality relation (DDR) holds, allowing for a direct comparison between measurements of the luminosity and angular diameter distances. In this talk, we will examine the implications of relaxing this assumption and considering more general relations. We will discuss how this approach impacts the interpretation of current cosmic tensions and its potential to clarify whether new physics is needed to address these discrepancies.
Roberto Maoli