seminari 2022

Europe/Rome
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra

Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra

Via Saragat 1, Blocco C, 44122 Ferrara
Description

Seminari di Fisica del Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra dell'Università di Ferrara e dell'INFN, sezione di Ferrara

    • 1
      Scienza e tecnologia alla frontiera della ricerca sulle onde gravitazionali: il progetto Einstein Telescope

      Le impressionanti conquiste scientifiche di Virgo, in Europa, e LIGO, negli Stati Uniti, hanno dato inizio nell’ultimo quinquennio all’era dell’astronomia gravitazionale. Per sfruttare appieno il potenziale di questo nuovo modo di osservazione dell’Universo, nella prossima decade entrerà in funzione una nuova generazione di osservatori. Einstein Telescope (ET) è un ambizioso progetto per la realizzazione di un futuro osservatorio europeo per le onde gravitazionali: un osservatorio pionieristico di terza generazione in grado di rivelare onde gravitazionali con una sensibilità che consentirà di esplorare una porzione di universo di gran lunga maggiore rispetto ad ora.

      L’Italia attraverso il MUR Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca ha candidato Einstein Telescope per la Roadmap 2021 della European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructure (ESFRI), il forum strategico europeo che individua le grandi infrastrutture di ricerca su cui investire a livello europeo. Dopo un lungo e accurato processo di valutazione dei progetti candidati, il 30 giugno, l’Assemblea di ESFRI ha approvato ET, che entra in questo modo nel novero delle grandi infrastrutture di ricerca su cui l’Europa punterà nel prossimo futuro.

      Interventi:
      Michele Punturo, Einstein Telescope, un nuovo progetto per lo studio delle onde gravitazionali
      Gianluca Gemme, Tecnologie di avanguardia per la terza generazione di rivelatori di onde gravitazionali

      Join Zoom Meeting
      https://cern.zoom.us/j/66774917853?pwd=M0NtMzFXZGlVcmNGY2FiRCtZclZqdz09

      ++++++ RIMANDATO A NUOVA DATA da stabilire ++++++++

      Speakers: Gianluca Gemme (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Michele Punturo (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
    • 2
      Let there be light: Illuminating neutron star mergers with radiative transfer simulations

      The detection of an electromagnetic counterpart to the gravitational-wave source GW 170817 marked year zero of the multi-messenger gravitational-wave era. This event was generated by the coalescence of two neutron stars and gave rise to an electromagnetic transient, dubbed a “kilonova”, that was powered by the radioactive decay of heavy ("r-process") nuclei synthesised during the merger. In this talk, I will show how radiative transfer simulations can illuminate neutron star mergers and provide a connection between numerical models and observational data of neutron star mergers. I will present the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POSSIS and show how viewing-angle dependent predictions - such as spectra, light curves and polarization - can be used to interpret data, place constraints on models and guide future follow-up campaigns of gravitational-wave events.

      zoom link: https://cern.zoom.us/j/69842311765?pwd=N3RHV2R0a2x5Zm41SStHcTlQcElrdz09

      Speaker: Mattia Bulla (Stockholm University)
    • 3
      Materiali e tecniche pittoriche dal Trecento al Settecento

      Per studiare i materiali e le tecniche pittoriche è necessario osservare dipinti veri, e dove, se non in una tra le più dotate pinacoteche d'Italia? Saremo in presenza di dipinti che segnano la storia dell'arte italiana ed europea per cinque secoli e affermano la tradizione pittorica occidentale proprio nel suo formarsi.

      @Pinacoteca Nazionale di Ferrara
      Palazzo dei Diamanti, piano primo
      (ritrovo a pianterreno, 5 minuti prima)

      L'accesso è regolato dalle norme anti-COVID: ricordatevi la mascherina e il greenpass!

      Speaker: Ferruccio Petrucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
    • 4
      Elemental imaging: physical methods to detect pigment composition

      Verranno esaminate diverse tecniche, basate sui raggi X, con le quali è possibile identificare gli elementi chimici presenti in materiali artistici, come i pigmenti in uno strato pittorico.

      Particolarmente interessanti i metodi che consentono di ottenere immagini della distribuzione di tali elementi nel dipinto.

      Link alla videochiamata: https://meet.google.com/cjt-agtv-bbg

      Speaker: Ferruccio Petrucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
    • 5
      Physics methods unmasking fakes, the radiocarbon asset

      Seminario di Archeometria

      Informazioni per partecipare di Google Meet
      Link alla videochiamata: https://meet.google.com/cjt-agtv-bbg

      Speaker: Ferruccio Petrucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
    • 6
      “Science in the fight against misinformation and denialism”

      Science has been attacked and mistreated. In addition to the lack of investment, scientific denialism and pseudosciences have found fertile ground to thrive on social networks at a time of an uncertain future. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of public research institutions and universities, and amplified the voices of scientists, journalists, and science disseminators, who have acted tirelessly to combat the fallacies and beliefs that swarm everywhere. Even so, we observe troubling setbacks and, especially during the pandemic, we are flooded daily with promises of miraculous cures, questioning of vaccines, and denial of consolidated facts, such as the importance of distancing and wearing masks.
      These days, to engage oneself in the fight against pseudosciences (dubious methods and practices that disguise themselves as science) and misinformation (false or misleading information that is deliberately spread) is an ethical and humanitarian imperative. But how to do that? One of the ways is to disseminate science. It is important to show how research is done, the hard work of researchers, and the importance of continuing to invest in the formation of people and infrastructure continuously, so that we can at least wish a sustainable development. Also, it is vital to promote the awareness of science and the enchantment by its incredible beauty, how it permeates our life, and how far we could advance thanks to it. Alongside, it is worth warning about the absurdity and danger of pseudosciences and denialism, which can go far beyond the seemingly harmless and ludicrous flat earthers.
      The main thing, however, is that we, as a society, make every effort to better understand scientific methods and stimulate critical thinking and to face reality, however harsh it may be, demonstrating confidence in the results of science, which, as Edward O. Wilson (in Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge)," “… is neither philosophy nor a belief system, it is a combination of mental operations that has become increasingly the habit of educated peoples, a culture of illuminations hit upon by a fortunate turn of history that yielded the most effective way of learning about the real world ever conceived."
      I will discuss some practical examples of how to pinpoint pseudosciences, and how we, as scientists, students and communicators, can engage in this important battle.

      Streaming on Google Meet at: meet.google.com/owm-fjwg-nya

      Speaker: Marcelo Knobel (Instituto de F sica Gleb Wataghin (IFGW), University of Campinas, Brazil)
    • 7
      La tecnica artistica di un cubista: Jean Metzinger

      Valuteremo le tecniche e i materiali usati da uno dei teorici del gruppo: il francese Jean Metzinger, rappresentato alla collezione Guggenheim di Venezia.

      Informazioni per partecipare di Google Meet
      Link alla videochiamata: https://meet.google.com/cjt-agtv-bbg

      Speaker: Ferruccio Petrucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
    • 8
      Tecniche radiografiche per i Beni Culturali

      La radiografia X è ancora una delle tecniche più usate nel settore dei Beni Culturali, sia per le informazioni che può ottenere sulle opere sia per la capacità di smascherare falsi e falsari.
      Ne vedremo le ragioni, sia di ordine fisico che storico-artistico

      Informazioni per partecipare di Google Meet
      Link alla videochiamata: https://meet.google.com/cjt-agtv-bbg

      Speaker: Ferruccio Petrucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
    • 9
      Dalla musica alla matematica e dalla matematica alla musica: alcuni aspetti della dinamica "matemusicale"

      Presenteremo alcuni concetti e costruzioni alla base delle attività di ricerca condotte nell'ambito del progetto SMIR (Structural MusicInformation Research), attualmente condotto in collaborazione fra l’IRMA (Institut de Recherche mathématique Avancée) dell’università di Strasburgo e l’IRCAM (Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique) di Parigi. Ci soffermeremo in particolare sulla costruzione della rappresentazione circolare e sul Tonnetz a partire dal temperamento equabile. Nel primo caso mostreremo come la formalizzazione algebrica permette di risolvere in modo elegante il problema del calcolo esplicito dei cataloghi d'accordi sui quali parecchi compositori e teorici della musica si sono concentrati (da Costère a Estrada passando per Vieru, Forte, Morris e Mazzola). Nel caso del Tonnetz e delle sue generalizzazioni, discuteremo l'interesse d'articolare i formalismi algebrici con gli aspetti geometrici e topologici, in particolare attraverso il concetto di complesso simpliciale e relative trasformazioni algebrico-topologiche (traslazioni, rotazioni, embeddings, …).
      Concluderemo presentando alcune composizioni personali che utilizzano cicli hamiltoniani di diversa natura sul Tonnetz e su altri grafi più generali quali strumenti preziosi per arricchire il contenuto armonico della musica pop.
      Per maggiori informazioni sul progetto SMIR: http://repmus.ircam.fr/moreno/smir

      https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/89127865880?pwd=bmtCclQvRDUweFJJbTlHUGtBY0hZZz09

      Speaker: Moreno Andreatta (CNRS & Université de Strasbourg)
    • 10
      Statistical isotropy of the Universe, can GWs help assessing it?

      Since WMAP and Planck some anomalous features appeared in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) large-angle anisotropy, the so-called anomalies. One of these is the hemispherical power asymmetry, i.e. a difference in the average power on the two hemispheres centered around (l, b) = (221, -20), which shows a relatively high level of significance. Such an anomaly could be the signature of a departure from statistical isotropy on large scales. Another cosmological observable expected to show an analogous effect is the Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB), detectable by future GW detectors. Indeed, the CGWB offers a unique window to explore the early Universe and can be used in combination with CMB data to shed light on the statistical isotropy of our Universe. Specifically, through the study of the evolution of gravitons in the presence of a modulating field in the scalar gravitational potentials, accounting for the hemispherical power asymmetry, it is possible to infer the amplitude of this modulating field through a minimal variance estimator, exploiting both constrained and unconstrained realizations of the CGWB. In this talk, I will show that the addition of the CGWB will allow an improvement in the assessment of the physical origin of the CMB power asymmetry. Accounting for the expected performances of LISA and BBO, I will also show that the latter is expected to be signal-dominated on large-scales, proving that the CGWB could be the keystone to assess the significance of this anomaly.

      stanza zoom, per chi volesse collegarsi da remoto:
      https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/89121129968?pwd=Yy9pTkd1S09RZlpQazl1RER2ZXE0dz09

      Speaker: Giacomo Galloni (Roma Tor Vergata)
    • 11
      Tidal deformations of neutron stars with elastic phases and implications

      Gravitational-wave astronomy is expected to provide independent constraints on neutron star properties, such as their equation of state. This is possible with the measurements of binary components’ tidal deformability, which alter the point-particle gravitational waveforms of neutron-star binaries. I’ll discuss some tidal deformability aspects due to the elasticity/solidity of the hadronic/mixed phase/quark phase in a hybrid neutron star and some nontrivial implications they could have. I employ the framework of nonradial perturbations with zero frequency and study hadronic phases presenting elastic aspects when perturbed (with the shear modulus approximately 1% of the pressure). I’ll show that the relative tidal deformation change in a hybrid star with a perfect-fluid quark phase and a hadronic phase presenting an elastic part is never larger than about 2% −4% (with respect to a perfect-fluid counterpart). These maximum changes occur when the elastic region of a hybrid star is larger than approximately 60% of the star’s radius, which may happen when its quark phase is small and the density jump is large enough, or even when a hybrid star has an elastic mixed phase. For other cases, tidal deformation changes due to an elastic crust are negligible (10^−5% − 10^−1%), therefore unlikely to be measured even with third-generation detectors. However, deformations in stars with elastic phases could have important implications for other relevant quantities, such as the height of neutron star mountains (important for continuous gravitational waves) and the yielding of their elastic phases (important for elastic energy conversions, hot spot dynamics, and even precursors in binary systems).

      Speaker: Jonas Pereira (Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center - Warsaw - Poland)
    • 12
      Local Primordial non-Gaussianity from the SPHEREx all-sky survey

      The scale dependent bias of galaxy density contrasts is an important signal to be extracted in
      constraining local primordial non-Gaussianity (flocal
      NL ) from observations of large scale structure.
      Constraints so obtained rely on the assumption that horizon-scale features in the linear galaxy bias are exclusively due to primordial physical mechanisms. However, we now know that non-primordial sources of scale-dependent bias do introduce their own horizon-scale signatures - presenting a potential systematic effect that needs to be incorporated in the theoretical modelling of the galaxy power spectra. We investigate the effect of two such sources of scale dependent bias - the free-streaming of light relics and fluctuations in the background of ionising radiation - on the forecast constraints on local primordial non-Gaussianity obtained from the SPHEREx all-sky survey. Our work quantifies the importance of accounting for these non-primordial systematic effects in improving our constraints on flocal NL through future galaxy surveys.

      Join Zoom Meeting
      https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/82476243555?pwd=Vlc0T0QrYWk5ajNrWDhraUk5S0Q3Zz09

      Meeting ID: 824 7624 3555
      Passcode: 055474

      Speaker: Charuhas Shiveshwarkar (Stony Brook University)
    • 13
      The Muon g-2 Anomaly and (Supersymmetric) Solutions

      The latest measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon by the Fermilab Muon g-2 collaboration has increased the tension with the most precise and reliable calculation of this quantity in the Standard Model to more than 4 sigma. I will discuss a number of different solutions that have been proposed in the literature to explain this discrepancy, and consider their relation to other Standard Model anomalies, especially in the muon sector. Then, I will concentrate on a simple supersymmetric model that also provides a dark matter explanation. I will discuss an interesting region of supersymmetric parameter space that simultaneously realizes a Bino-like dark matter candidate compatible with direct detection constraints for small to moderate values of the Higgsino mass parameter |μ|. This region of parameter space can be probed in direct detection experiments and future LHC runs. Interestingly, upgrades during the last long shutdown now enable the ATLAS experiment to effectively trigger on the mono-photon+missing-transverse-energy channel, opening up a crucial probe of this region of parameter space in ongoing and future runs of the LHC.

      Zoom connection: https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/85846147838?pwd=WlRJdE5mY2dzcDRJSzdMSmdxSUNIQT09

      Speaker: Sebastian Baum (Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics)
    • 14
      Investigating Parity-Violation with Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence

      Parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism induce a rotation
      of the linear polarization plane of photons during propagation. This
      effect, known as cosmic birefringence, impacts on
      the Cosmic Microwave
      Background (CMB) observations producing a mixing of E and B
      polarization modes
      which is otherwise null in the standard scenario. Such an effect is
      naturally parametrized by a
      rotation angle which can be written as the
      sum of an isotropic component and an anisotropic one. Cross-Spectra and
      Cross-Bispectra of this new observable with CMB anisotropies
      represent an
      additional tool aimed at studying cosmic birefringence and its
      parity-violating nature and provide also a way
      to perform consistency
      checks for specific models of cosmic birefringence. Moreover, interesting
      features of such a phenomenon can be investigated by* adopting tomographic
      treatment, e.g. by considering photons emitted both at the recombination
      and reionization epoch, respectively, to extract more information about
      eventual axion-like fields inducing the birefringence phenomenon.

      https://infn-it.zoom.us/j/81225060902?pwd=R3lpOTJTYWZCN2k3a0x4QTVnakdSZz09

      Speaker: Alessandro Greco (Università di Padova)
    • 15
      Quvik (Quick Ultra Vlolet Kilonova surveyor)

      Quvik is a proposed small UV satellite with main objectives to perform GW follow-up with the goal to detect kilonova emission in UV. I will shortly introduce the mission concept, the development status and plans.

      Speaker: Martin Topinka (INAF IASF-Milano)