Conveners
Orals LM 004: DM
- Marco Vignati (ROMA1)
Orals LM 004: NU
- Young-Hamb Kim (Institute for Basic Science)
Orals LM 004: Review
- Andrea Giachero
Orals LM 004: COSMO CMB
- Paolo De Bernardis (ROMA1)
Orals LM 004: X APP A
- Betty Young (Santa Clara University)
Orals LM 004: NUCL A
- Mark Croce (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
Orals LM 004: BB
- Matt Pyle (University of California, Berkeley)
Orals LM 004: APP
- Michael Rabin (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
Orals LM 004: ASTRO X
- Andrea Tartari (PI)
Orals LM 004: Reviews
- Angelo Enrico Lodovico Nucciotti
Orals LM 004: X APP B
- Masataka Ohkubo (Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST))
Orals LM 004: NUCL B
- Christian Enss (Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University)
Orals LM 004: COSMO
- Mario Zannoni (MIB)
Description
Low Temperature Detector Applications
The dark matter problem has accompanied cosmologist and particle physicist for more than 80 years. Nowadays we have an extremely accurate model of our Universe, but still most of its content eludes our observation. Grasping the nature of this missing matter is of compelling necessity for our understanding. Direct searches aim to detect dark matter particles with Earth-bound detectors....
We have designed and tested a large area 11-gram photon detector with 45 cm$^2$ surface area and 3.9 eV energy resolution, employing a TES-based readout on a Si absorber. With a 20 $\mu$s rise time due to the fast collection of athermal phonons, this device significantly surpasses both timing and energy resolution requirements of future neutrinoless double beta decay experiments.
Though not...
The EDELWEISS collaboration is performing direct searches for light Dark Matter particles using cryogenic germanium detectors equipped with a charge and thermal signal readout. This versatile and highly performing technology opens new possibilities for searches for signals in the subGeV region, involving either electrons or nuclear recoils. This is attested to by results on Axion-Like...
CRESST (Cryogenic Rare Events Search with Superconducting Thermometers) is a long-standing experiment with cryogenic detectors located at the underground facility Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. CRESST-III, the third CRESST experiment generation, is designed to probe the spin-independent Dark Matter(DM)-nucleus cross-section with a world leading sensitivity for low DM particle...
This talk will give an overview of the cryogenic detector for the most sensitive experiment to probe the QCD axion to date, Axion Dark Matter eXperiment, (ADMX). The detector technology includes a dilution refrigerator operated at 90mK and quantum-noise-limited amplifiers which contribute minimally to the system noise temperature thereby increasing the experimental sensitivity to the QCD...
Neutrinos are the most abundant fundamental massive particles in nature. Despite that, many of their basic properties are still unknown, e.g. the absolute value of their mass, their mass hierarchy, the eventuality that they coincide with their own antiparticles, and many others. Answering these open questions is of unvaluable importance to discern among theories beyond the Standard Model and...
Neutrinos continue to be a source of scientific wonder in nuclear physics, particle physics, and cosmology. Although much has been learned about the properties of neutrinos, much still pleads for more experimental investigation. The measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering (CENNS) has been a holy grail in neutrino physics since its prediction almost 40 years ago, and has now...
The NUCLEUS experiment aims for the detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering at a nuclear power reactor with gram-scale, ultra-low threshold cryogenic detectors. This technology leads to a miniaturization of neutrino detectors and allows to probe physics beyond the Standard Model of Particle Physics.
We present results from a 0.5g prototype detector, operated above ground, which...
The absolute neutrino mass is still a missing parameter in the modern landscape of particle physics. The HOLMES experiment aims at exploiting the calorimetric approach to directly measure the neutrino mass through the kinematic measurement of the decay products of the weakly-mediated decay of 163Ho. This low energy decaying isotope, in fact, undergoes electron capture emitting a neutrino and...
The goal of the Electron Capture in $^{163}$Ho (ECHo) experiment is the determination of the electron neutrino mass by the analysis of the electron capture spectrum of $^{163}$Ho. The detector technology is based on metallic magnetic calorimeters operated at cryogenic temperature in a reduced background environment. For the first phase of the experiment, ECHo-1k, the detector production has...
Arrays of superconducting resonators are used for astronomical imaging, polarimetry and spectroscopy as well as in other areas requiring sensitive metrology such as quantum sensing and computation. The low loss of superconducting components enables large numbers of these resonators to be read out using frequency division multiplexing (FDM). I will discuss the system requirements and...
We describe the in$-$flight performance of the horn$-$coupled Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detector arrays of the OLIMPO balloon-borne experiments. These arrays have been designed to match the spectral bands of OLIMPO: 150, 250, 350, and 460 GHz. They have been operated at 0.3 K and at an altitude of 37.8 km during the July 2018 stratospheric flight of the OLIMPO payload.
During the first...
Future mm-wave and sub-mm space missions (e.g., PICO, LiteBIRD, SPICA, OST) will employ large arrays of multiplexed Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers that may be vulnerable to frequent 'glitches' caused by cosmic ray (CR) interactions. Such glitches posed a challenge to data analysis from the Planck bolometers, due to the high rate and long duration of glitches from interactions in the...
Recent developments of transition-edge sensors (TESes), based on extensive experience in ground-based experiments, have been making the sensor techniques matured enough for their application possibilities on future satellite CMB polarization experiments. LiteBIRD (Lite (Light) satellite for the studies of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection) is in the...
QUBIC (Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) is an international ground-based experiment dedicated in the measurement of the polarized fluctuations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). It is based on bolometric interferometry, an original detection technique which combine the immunity to systematic effects of an interferometer with the sensitivity of low temperature incoherent...
Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) exhibit a high strength-to-weight ratio and a toughness better than those of metals. Because of such superior mechanical properties, CFRP-composite materials are becoming popular in aircraft and automobile industries. The lightweight structure brings many benefits like a good fuel efficient, which is the central issue in transportation. CFRP composites...
In this talk, I will discuss two TES spectrometers we commissioned at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) at SLAC. Both spectrometers are almost identical in that they are based on 240-pixel TES microcalorimeter arrays of the same design that are operated in ADR cryostats and read out by time-domain multiplexing (TDM). They have shown similar detector performance as well. Despite...
We have commissioned an array of superconducting Transition-edge sensors (TES) that has become a key instrument for X-ray spectroscopy at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). These detectors fill a significant gap in the capabilities of current X-ray instruments because of their unique combination of good energy resolution and high throughput. Measurements enabled by TES will...
In 2018, we commissioned a gamma-ray spectrometer at Los Alamos National Laboratory consisting of 256 Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs) for high-resolution measurements of photon energies up to and beyond 200 keV. This instrument, called SLEDGEHAMMER, is the first fielded microcalorimeter instrument to be read out using microwave SQUID multiplexing. In this presentation, we discuss the...
Precise quantification of radionuclides in a radioactive sample by photon spectrometry requires a good knowledge of the photon emission intensities. However, they are hardly better known than to within 1%. In the case of actinide L X-rays, although their emission intensities are large, they are not detailed in the databases; sometimes there exist no measurements, therefore the intensities are...
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a bolometric experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of $^{130}$Te. The detector consists of an array of 988 TeO$_2$ crystals arranged in a compact cylindrical structure of 19 towers. The construction of the experiment was completed in August 2016 with the installation of all towers in the cryostat....
A convincing observation of neutrino-less double beta decay (0νDBD) relies on the possibility of operating high-energy resolution detectors in background-free conditions.
Scintillating cryogenic calorimeters are one of the most promising tools to fulfill the requirements for a next-generation experiment. Several steps have been taken to demonstrate the maturity of this technique, starting form...
We developed a neutron transmission imager based on a superconducting current-biased kinetic inductance detector (CB-KID). The CB-KID comprises X and Y meanderlines and a 10B conversion layer for neutrons. A 4He or 7Li ion from the 10B(n, α)7Li reaction creates two hot spots in both the X and Y meanders. A pair of electromagnetic-wave pulses of opposite polarities propagate toward the ends of...
Detection of single photon or small number of photons is a key technology to bring about a breakthrough to optical probes for delicate biological samples, in the bio-research and the bio-industry alike. Optical transition edge sensor (optical TES) is one of the most promising single photon detectors for such applications, with its array of features including; broadband sensitivity which ranges...
This presentation shows applications of superconducting tunnel junctions (STJ) cryodetection in heavy ion mass spectrometry (HIMS). STJs have 100% detection efficiency at all m/z’s including those with MegaDalton molecular weights (MW) as the signal output is independent of ion velocity. STJs also allow the determination of ion energy deposited into the detector which can be used for charge...
The Athena observatory is the 2nd large class ESA mission to be launched on 2031 at L2 orbit. One of the two on board instruments is X-IFU, a TES based kilo-pixels array able to perform simultaneous high grade energy spectroscopy (2.5eV@7keV) and imaging over the 5' FoV.
The X-IFU sensitivity is degraded by primary particles background (bkg) of both solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays origin, and...
Micro-X sounding rocket X-ray space telescope was launched for the first time on the night of the 22nd July 2018 from the White Sand Missile Range (New Mexico, USA). It successfully pioneered the first flight of a Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) array and its time multiplexing read-out system in space. This launch was dedicated to the observation of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A. However, a...
Over the last few years, the Transition-Edge-Sensor spectrometer (TES) has been rapidly matured. This review presents the latest examples of the application of TES to the fundamental sciences; e.g., the beam-line environments for X-ray, the laboratory experiment for the neutral atom spectroscopy, and the space application. The application for the fundamental science is extraordinarily...
An Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) is a powerful tool for studying highly charged ions. Understanding highly charged ions is critical to understanding plasmas encountered in stars, other astrophysical phenomena, and fusion energy facilities. The extreme electric fields and small atomic radii of highly charged ions also make them an ideal system for tests of quantum field theory. Highly charged...
We report on the design, commissioning, and first light measurements of the Non-destructive Statistical Estimation of Nanoscale Structures and Electronics (NSENSE) instrument developed for IARPA’s Rapid Analysis of Various Emerging Nanoelectronics (RAVEN) program. The goal of this program is to three-dimensionally image a 14 nm technology node integrated circuit (IC) with 10x10x10 nm spatial...
The isotope $^{229}$Th has the nuclear isomer state with the lowest presently known excitation energy, which possibly allows to connect the fields of nuclear and atomic physic with a potential application in a nuclear clock. In order to reduce the uncertainty of the currently most accepted value for this isomer energy, $(7.8\pm0.5)\,\mathrm{eV}$, we measure the $\gamma$-spectrum following the...
We applied a transition-edge-sensor(TES)-based X-ray spectrometer to a hadron-physics experiment at a charged-particle beam line for the first time.
An anti-kaon is the lightest meson containing a strange quark, and known to be strongly attractive to a nucleon. Therefore, anti-kaonic nuclear states have been proposed and are attracting great interest as a new form of matter and a possible...
Due to its extremely low background pressure and its cryogenic environment, the Cryogenic Storage Ring CSR at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg allows to prepare and store molecular ions with an energy of up to 300keV per unit charge in their rotational and vibrational ground state. This enables studies on electron-ion interactions such as dissociative recombination or...
Superspec is an on-chip spectrometer for millimeter and sub-millimeter spectroscopy, with large instantaneous bandwidth (190 - 310 GHz) and moderate resolution (R ∼ 300). By using an on-chip filterbank composed of microstrip resonant filters, instead of dispersive optics, and superconducting Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs), Superspec is able to implement a spectrometer on less than 20...
The Next Generation Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST-TNG) is a submillimeter imaging polarimeter which will map the polarized thermal emission from interstellar dust, revealing magnetic field structures in nearby giant molecular clouds, external galaxies and the diffuse interstellar medium in three bands centered at 250, 350 and 500 microns (spatial resolution of 30,...
A wideband, large field-of-view (sub)millimeter wave imaging spectrometer is the key technology for uncovering dust-enshrouded cosmic star formation and galaxy evolution over cosmic time. Here we report the first astronomical signal captured with an integrated superconducting spectrometer (ISS): a spectrometer that uses a small superconducting integrated circuit for dispersing the signal to...
Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, are superconducting detectors that can serve as noise-free integral field spectrographs on a chip in the optical and near-IR. Our lab has built and been operating two instruments based on MKIDs: the 10 kpix DARKNESS instrument at the Palomar Hale Telescope which works with P3K and SDC, and the 20 kpix MEC at the Subaru Telescope permanently...
