Speaker
Description
The only way to study the properties of asymmetric nuclear matter at high densities in the laboratory conditions is to investigate the relativistic heavy ion collisions. A complementary source of information are the astrophysical observations and gravitational waves. The degree of compression and pressures achieved during the heavy ion collision depend on the susceptibility of the nuclear matter to compression, and hence on its equation of state. In particular, the measured angular and energy distributions of neutrons and protons, light isobars and of the π−and π+emitted form the interaction zone depend on the symmetry energy and its gradients at the attained densities.
Symmetry energy around normal and at sub-saturation densities can be studied through measurement of e.g. isoscaling and isospin diffusion in nuclear reactions, measurement of neutron skin, nuclear collective modes, isobaric analog states, electric dipole polarizability, charge exchange and elastic scattering, etc.
Results of the latest measurements and analyses of the stiffness of the symmetry energy and the status of current constraints will be presented, including recent observations of the possible isospin symmetry violation. Some attention will also be paid to the experimental challenges related to the measurements of charged and neutral products of relativistic heavy ion collisions in the context of the recent ASY-EOS II experiment at GSI.