Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing scientific discovery, enabling the creation, analysis, and manipulation of ever-growing and highly complex datasets. The Ph.D. school “Artificial Intelligence and Modern Physics: a two-way Connection” is an interdisciplinary program that integrates machine learning methodologies into various aspects of modern physics research, bridging the gap between fundamental physics and advanced data science techniques to equip participants with the skills to tackle complex problems in astrophysics, particle physics, and medical physics. Supported by international lecturers at the forefront of AI and modern physics research, school participants will develop their foundational knowledge in AI through lectures. During hands-on sessions, participants will experiment with cutting-edge tools for exploring the cosmos, probing the fundamental building blocks of matter, and advancing medical techniques.