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XXXI International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics
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Description
Overview
The XXXI International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics (Neutrino 2024) will be held in Milano, Italy, from June 16 to June 22.
The conference is jointly organized by University of Milano - Bicocca, University of Milano and INFN.
This biennial conference focuses on the current status of neutrino physics, its interplay with astronomy and cosmology, as well as the future prospects of these fields.
List of topics
- Neutrino oscillations
- Neutrino mass
- Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
- Neutrino interactions
- Accelerator neutrinos
- Reactor neutrinos
- Atmospheric neutrinos
- Solar neutrinos
- Supernova neutrinos
- Astrophysical neutrinos
- Geo neutrinos
- Neutrino role in cosmology
- Sterile neutrinos
- Theory of neutrino masses and mixing, Leptogenesis
- Beyond Standard Model searches in the neutrino sector
- New technologies for neutrino physics
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5:00 PM
Reception (Welcome drink and pre-registration) Palazzo Greppi (Milano, Via Sant’Antonio 12)
Palazzo Greppi
Milano, Via Sant’Antonio 12
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5:00 PM
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Welcome and Introduction Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Takaaki Kajita
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1
Institutional Greetings
- Pro-rector UniMiB M.Orlandi
- INFN Board, S.Malvezzi
- Director of Physics Department UniMiB, G.Gorini
- Director of Physics Department UniMi, P.Milani
Moderator: C. Brofferio
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Introduction to the Conference
Introduction to the Conference
Moderator: T. Kajita
Speaker: Gioacchino Ranucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
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Farewell, Borexino! Lessons from a great story
Abstract: This talk highlights the Borexino developments and discoveries, both from technical and scientific points of view, which can be useful for the experiments currently in preparation. From the technical point of view this experiment codified the methods for the scintillator purification and for the construction and installation of the detector which must be able to maintain the unprecedented levels of radiopurity obtained for the scintillator. From the scientific point of view, Borexino wrote a fundamental page for Sun and stars scientific knowledge, identifying the mechanisms that power them and therefore make them shine. In neutrino physics, Borexino was able to measure the electron-neutrino survival probability in a wide energy range from about 100 keV up to 15 MeV and it has been one of the two experiments that measured geo-neutrinos.
Moderator: T. Kajita
Speaker: Gianpaolo Bellini (INFN Milano) -
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Where are we and where are we going?
Title: Where are we and where are we going?
Moderator: T. Kajita
Speaker: Art McDonald (SNOLAB, Queen's University)
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1
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10:50 AM
Coffee break
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S1: 3 flavour neutrino oscillations 1 Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Chair: Serguey Petcov
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6
T2K experiment status and plans
T2K is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment exploiting a beam of muon neutrinos or antineutrinos produced at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC). Neutrinos are observed before oscillations at a Near Detector complex, located inside J-PARC at 280 m from the target, and at the far detector, Super-Kamiokande, 295 km away, where samples of electron and muon (anti-)neutrinos are selected.
In this talk we will show the latest T2K oscillation analyses results, including the results from the joint fit of the T2K beam samples with the atmospheric neutrinos from Super-Kamiokande.
In addition we will also describe the upgrades recently completed on the beamline, that allowed to reach the initial design beam power of 750 kW, and the upgrades of the off-axis Near Detector complex, consisting in the installation of a new high granularity target (Super-FGD), surrounded by two new High-Angle TPCs and six Time-Of-Flight planes.
T2K prospects for the next years of data taking will also be discussed in the talk.Speaker: Claudio Giganti (LPNHE) -
7
New neutrino oscillation results from NOvA with 10 years of data
NOvA is a two-detector accelerator neutrino oscillation experiment. Using Fermilab's newly Megawatt-capable NuMI neutrino beam, NOvA measures the disappearance of muon (anti)neutrinos and the appearance of electron (anti)neutrinos at the far detector, 810 km from the source. These oscillations are observed relative to the unoscillated beam composition measured at the functionally equivalent near detector, also located at Fermilab, which enables significant cancellation of systematic uncertainties. From these, we obtain precision measurements of the larger neutrino mass splitting and the largest neutrino mixing angle, as well as constraints on the octant of that angle, the neutrino mass ordering, and neutrino CP violation. In this talk I will present new measurements of these parameters using 10 years of NOvA data collected between 2013 and 2023, which includes twice the neutrino-mode exposure of our previous results.
Speaker: Jeremy Wolcott (Tufts University) -
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Global analysis of three-neutrino oscillationsSpeaker: Mariam Tórtola (IFIC)
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6
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12:30 PM
Lunch
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S2: Sterile Neutrino Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Joachim Kopp
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Sterile Neutrino Global PictureSpeaker: Michele Maltoni (Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC)
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10
New Physics Searches with MicroBooNE
MicroBooNE’s beyond the standard model (BSM) physics program spans searches for feebly interacting dark sector particles, investigations of the MiniBooNE Low Energy Excess, and searches for light eV-scale sterile neutrinos. This program is carried out with data collected from Fermilab’s BNB and off-axis NuMI neutrino beams. With five years of data collected, MicroBooNE is sensitive to a broad range of new physics models. This talk will present recent results from MicroBooNE’s broad BSM physics program, and describe the novel analysis techniques which are enabling it.
Speaker: David Caratelli (UC Santa Barbara) -
11
ICARUS at the Short-Baseline Neutrino program: first results
The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous e appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV 2 . After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operation collecting the first neutrino events from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS
event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022, moving then to data taking for neutrino oscillation physics, aiming at first to either confirm or refute the claim by the Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment. ICARUS will also perform measurement of neutrino cross sections in LAr with the NuMI beam
and several Beyond Standard Model studies. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will search for evidence of sterile neutrinos jointly with the Short- Baseline Near Detector, within the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. In this presentation, preliminary results from the ICARUS data with the BNB and NuMI beams are presented, both in terms of performance of all ICARUS subsystems
and of capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.Speaker: Daniele Gibin (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) - 12
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Hadron Production Measurements for Determination of Neutrino Flux
The study of neutrino properties and oscillations has entered the precision era, and control of systematic uncertainties in the present and next generation of accelerator-based experiments is required to maximize the sensitivity of their measurements. One of the leading uncertainties in many measurements and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model arises from the neutrino flux predominantly coming from hadron production. This talk will review the challenges and impact of neutrino flux predictions and their uncertainties in neutrino experiments, and discuss recent efforts and future prospects to measure hadron scattering and production of neutrino parents by the NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN and the EMPHATIC experiment at Fermilab.
Speaker: Yoshikazu Nagai (ELTE)
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9
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3:50 PM
Coffee break
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S3: Reactor neutrinos 1 Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Yifang Wang
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Status of Theta13 measurementsSpeaker: Zeyuan Yu (IHEP, Beijing, China)
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15
Updates on Reactor Neutrino Flux modeling
A new generation of experiments have measured the IBD antineutrino spectrum generated by nuclear reactors in the last 12 years with unprecedented accuracy. With respect to the Huber-Mueller model, they have revealed a short-distance deficit, manifesting as an over-prediction at the top of the spectrum, as well as an underprediction at around 6 MeV - which has become colloquially known as ‘the bump’. Several possibilities have been put forward to explain these features, including faulty or incomplete modelling, and the possible existence of sterile neutrinos. In this presentation we will review (a) the latest results from nuclear reactor experiments, (b) normalization issues in the electron spectra measured at the Institut Laue Langevin in the 1980s, (c) impact of electron spectra measured to derive decay heat values, (d) recent upgrades to the summation method, on both the fission yields and decay data, and (e) future experiments to resolve outstanding issues.
Speaker: Alejandro Sonzogni (BNL) -
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Accurate neutrino measurements at short distances from reactors
The unveiling of the reactor antineutrino anomaly in 2011 revived interest in measurements at very short distances from reactors with primary motivation to test the hypothesis of an oscillation towards a sterile neutrino of mass around 1 eV as an explanation for the observed deficit of neutrinos compared with predictions. An experimental program has been developed at commercial as well as research reactors. In this presentation, I will discuss the challenges of these experiments, carried out at the earth's surface and with reduced target volumes. I will review the oscillation analyses that test the sterile neutrino hypothesis in a model-independent way. We will see that through this generation of experiments, the neutrino spectra emitted by the reactors are measured with great precision, providing a new benchmark for future neutrino experiments as well as for the nuclear data involved in predictions.
Speaker: David Lhuillier (CEA-Saclay)
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14
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7:00 PM
Classical Music Concert / Young Scientist Cocktail
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S4: 3 flavour neutrino oscillations 2 Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Mauro Mezzetto
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Long baseline neutrino oscillation phenomenologySpeaker: Elizabeth Worcester (Brookhaven National Laboratory)
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DUNE
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment and underground neutrino observatory using liquid argon time projection chamber technology. DUNE will definitively resolve the neutrino mass ordering, and measure the mixing matrix parameters including the CP violating phase, with sensitivity to CP violation over a broad range of possible values. DUNE is also sensitive to MeV-scale neutrinos, with unique sensitivity to electron neutrinos from the neutronization burst of a supernova, and complementary to other experiments that are predominantly sensitive to electron antineutrinos. DUNE will search for a broad range of new physics signals, including direct detection as well as oscillation signatures beyond the three-flavor model. The excavation project of the far detector site at SURF was recently completed, and DUNE is on schedule for first physics results in this decade. The P5 report released in December in the United States strongly endorses the completion of DUNE with construction in two phases, together with critical international contributions and collaboration. This talk will cover the science and status of DUNE, including updated sensitivities with the most recent schedule, as well as results and progress from DUNE prototype detectors.
Speaker: Chris Marshall (University of Rochester) -
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Hyper-Kamiokande
The Hyper-Kamiokande project (Hyper-K) comprises a large water Cherenkov detector, an order of magnitude larger than Super-Kamiokande, equipped with photosensors, electronics, and daq with higher capabilities, and a neutrino beam created with a MegaWatt-class beamline at the J-PARC accelerator complex. The main physics goals of Hyper-K are the discovery of CP violation in the lepton sector, precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters, observation of nucleon decay, and the study of neutrinos from astrophysical origins. Toward its commissioning in 2027, facility construction of the far detector, the Hyper-K detector, is progressing on time. Excavation of the dome part of the largest cavern, with a diameter of 69 m, and the design of the water tank and photosensor support structure have been completed. Preparation of Hyper-K detector components and near detectors including a new intermediate water Cherenkov detector (IWCD) is ongoing. This talk will cover the physics goals and the status of construction.
Speaker: Shigetaka Moriyama (Kamioka Observatory, ICRR, Univ. of Tokyo) -
20
The ESSnuSB Project: Search for and Precision Measurement of the Leptonic CP Violation
The violation of CP symmetry was discovered in the hadronic sector, proving that CP is not a conserved symmetry of nature. However, the amount of asymmetry observed is more than two orders of magnitude too small to explain the disappearance of antimatter. It is therefore essential to search for and measure CP violation in the leptonic sector in neutrino oscillation experiments, which has the potential to explain the observed density of matter in the universe. There are several models describing the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, as well as models describing the origin of flavors, whose predictions together cover a wide range of δ CP values. It is therefore essential to measure δ CP with the highest possible precision in order to confirm or falsify these models.
The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam (ESSnuSB) project aims at maximizing the event statistics at the second neutrino oscillation maximum which thanks to the powerful 5 MW ESS proton linac will lead to an error in δ CP smaller than 8 degrees for all values of δ CP . ESSnuSB is a phased program using a low energy monitored neutrino beam and a low energy nuSTORM to measure the neutrino cross sections in the first phase ESSnuSB+ to be followed by the main program to measure CP violation in the second phase.
In this talk, a general overview of the ESSnuSB design study program will be presented, with emphasis on the current phase of the project. This project is supported by the EU through two design studies, ESSnuSB and ESSnuSB+.Speaker: Tamer Tolba (University of Hamburg) -
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Other future Long Baseline ProjectsSpeaker: Alfons Weber (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz)
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17
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10:45 AM
Coffee break
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S5: Theoretical overviews Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Francesco Vissani
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22
Theory of leptonic flavor mixing
It is known that the lepton mixing angles are completely different from the quark mixing angles.
The fundamental principle behind the flavor mixing structure remains unknown. I shall review the different approaches to predict the lepton mixing angles and the Dirac and Majorana CP violation phases from theory, commenting also on their experimental tests. Their implications in neutrino oscillation, neutrinoless double decay and cosmology will be discussed.
Speaker: Guijun Ding (University of Science and Technology of China) -
23
Nu mass and the origin of baryons
Extensions of the Standard Model explaining neutrino masses and oscillations lead to a possible understanding of why the Universe contains more baryons than antibaryons. I will discuss how the baryogenesis and a mechanism of Majorana neutrino mass generation may be experimentally tested.
Speaker: Mikhail Shaposhnikov (EPFL) -
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Open problems in neutrino astrophysicsSpeaker: Maurizio Spurio (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
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22
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12:30 PM
Lunch break
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S6: Neutrino properties 1 Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Giorgio Gratta
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25
Neutrinoless double-beta decay searches: theory of nuclear matrix elementsSpeaker: Javier Menendez (University of Barcelona)
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26
The first year of LEGEND-200 physics data in the quest for 0νββ decay
The LEGEND experimental program is dedicated to the search for the neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay of 76Ge with isotopically-enriched high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors and a discovery sensitivity beyond a half-life of 1028 years. The first phase of the project, LEGEND-200, is stably accumulating physics data at LNGS since more than one year with 140 kg of HPGe detectors, and plans to install more in the coming months. The Collaboration has scrutinized this first data to assess the sensitivity of the experiment and study the composition of the LEGEND-200 residual background. In this talk, we will present the performance of the experiment in terms of background rejection and signal acceptance, the current observed background in the region of interest, and a first model of the background composition before analysis cuts. We will conclude with an update on the status of the experiment's future phase, LEGEND-1000.
Speaker: Luigi Pertoldi (Technische Universität München and INFN Padova) -
27
Results from KamLAND-Zen
KamLAND-Zen is a double beta decay experiment that exploits the existing KamLAND neutrino detector which realizes an ultra-low background environment. The xenon-loaded liquid scintillator in a spherical nylon balloon was deployed at the center of the KamLAND detector. The first search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 136Xe with 381 kg of xenon (KamLAND-Zen 400) demonstrated excellent sensitivity. To enhance the sensitivity, the KamLAND-Zen detector was upgraded to larger volume containing 745 kg xenon (KamLAND-Zen 800), corresponding to a twofold increase. In this talk, we will present the result of the improved search using complete KamLAND-Zen dataset, corresponding to an exposure of about 2 ton-yr of 136Xe. In the future, the KamLAND detector is planned to be upgraded to improve the search sensitivity (KamLAND2-Zen), and final optimizations of design are ongoing.
Speaker: Itaru Shimizu (Tohoku University) -
28
CUORE latest results and prospects
The CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) experiment is one of the most sensitive probes to date of the fundamental nature of neutrinos.
CUORE is located deep underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, allowing for a sensitive search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) and other rare processes.
CUORE searches for 0νββ in Te-130 and utilizes an array of cryogenic calorimeters made of TeO2 crystals, cooled down to below 15 mK.
CUORE has been continuously taking data since 2019, achieving a 90% uptime and having collected more than 2.5 ton yr of TeO2 exposure. This is the largest dataset ever collected by a high-resolution solid-state 0νββ experiment.
CUORE's capabilities extend beyond 0nuBB searches. In this talk, CUORE will present the most recent NLDBD results with a 2-ton-year dataset, one of the most precise measurements of the two-neutrino double beta decay half-lives and spectra and the complete reconstruction of backgrounds across a wide energy range. Moreover the future prospects will be discussed.Speaker: Carlo Bucci (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
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Other present and future 0vDBD experimentsSpeaker: Roxanne Guenette (University of Manchester)
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25
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4:00 PM
Coffee break
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S7: Astrophysical neutrinos 1 Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Erin O'Sullivan
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30
Neutrino Astronomy Highlights from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a neutrino telescope that the uses the glacial ice at the South Pole to capture high energy neutrinos, probing extreme phenomena in our Universe. In this talk I will present recent highlights from the collaboration, including our latest results characterizing the properties of the diffuse astrophysical flux, a multi-energy neutrino search in connection with the brightest ever gamma ray burst, and the first image of our galaxy in neutrinos. I will then discuss future prospects for advancing the field with IceCube-Gen2.
Speaker: Juan Antonio Aguilar Sanchez (Université libre de Bruxelles) -
31
Latest results from KM3NeT
The KM3NeT neutrino telescope is currently under construction in the Mediterranean sea. The detector is built in a modular fashion, with individual detection units (DUs) being deployed and starting data taking immediately after. With two detector configurations, KM3NeT is both searching for astrophysical neutrino sources with the KM3NeT/ARCA detectors, and measuring neutrino properties via atmospheric neutrino oscillations with KM3NeT/ORCA. In this talk, I will present the latest results and status of the KM3NeT collaboration, focusing on the first 3 years of data taking.
Speaker: Joao Coelho (APC - Paris)
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30
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5:20 PM
Short break
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Poster session and reception 1 Near Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Near Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126-
32
$^{214}$Pb branching ratios measurement with XENONnT detector
$^{214}$Pb represents one of the most common irreducible contaminant in rare-events physics experiments.
In the XENONnT experiment, a LXe dual-phase TPC for direct dark matter searches, $^{214}$Pb represents the dominant contribution in the electron recoil background below 40 keV.
This isotope undergoes beta decay into several $^{214}$Bi excited states, generating electron/gamma events in the detector.
For several precision physics searches in XENONnT, such as solar-pp neutrino flux measurement, the accuracy demanded on this isotope branching ratios are still not currently available in the literature.
In this study, by exploiting $^{222}$Rn calibration campaign, we report updated measurements of $^{214}$Pb branching ratios.Speaker: Cecilia Ferrari (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
33
3D-Reconstruction of Tau Neutrinos in LArTPC Detectors
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino experiment currently under construction. DUNE will consist of two high-resolution neutrino interaction imaging detectors exposed to the world’s most intense neutrino beam, with the Near Detector at Fermilab and the Far Detector 1,300 km away in the Sanford Underground Research Facility in South Dakota, US.
The high statistics and excellent resolution capabilities of DUNE's $^{40}$Ar detector will allow us to make precision studies of oscillation parameters capable of searching for CP violation in the lepton sector, testing interaction models, and studying phenomena that have, until now, seemed too complex to measure, like $\nu_\tau$ detection and therefore, providing the completion of the 3-flavor neutrino paradigm. Knowledge of the $\nu_\tau$ detection can impact a broad spectrum of open questions. These include searching for non-standard neutrino interactions, constraining the unitarity of the PMNS matrix, searching the sterile neutrinos, and studying neutrino interactions.
In the case of LArTPC data, the detector hits can be considered nodes in a graph, and the edges represent the spatial and temporal relationships between them. By using graph neural networks, it is possible to exploit these relationships and improve the accuracy of particle identification and reconstruction. During my presentation and specifically for tau neutrino reconstruction, I will show the effectiveness and reliability of our in-house developed graph neural network (GNN), NuGraph. This GNN classifies detector hits based on the particle type responsible for their production, assuring that the system accurately identifies and categorizes information based on its unique characteristics.
Speaker: BARBARA YAEGGY (University of Cincinnati) -
34
A 3D field response simulation for pixelated charge readout in LArTPC
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is a premier technology in neutrino detector designs. The field response model describes the electric currents induced in the anode plane when ionization electrons drift in the chamber. Field response is critical for TPC readout simulation and charge reconstruction. A novel pixelated charge readout technology, LArPix, has been developed for LArTPCs. We present a new 3D field response simulation for these pixelated anode designs used in the Module-0 Demonstrator, which is operated as a prototype for the DUNE liquid argon near detector. In the prototype detector run, evidence of the readout triggered by drifting charge in advance of the charge arrival at the anode plane has been noticed. Thus, this field response simulation is also crucial in understanding electronics response and optimizing pixel pad geometry to reduce the induced signal trigger effect.
Speaker: Jiangmei Yang (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) -
35
A neutrino emission model to calculate neutrino fluxes from pp and p$\gamma$ interactions for different Gamma Ray Bursts populations
Neutrino emission can be expected from Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) through hadronic interactions, though the exact neutrino flux may vary depending on the GRB environment. To test the neutrino emission at different energies in different environments and improve the description of low-energy or thermal contributions, we created a model calculating the neutrino yield from GRB internal energy dissipations. We assume a proton spectrum consisting of a thermal distribution combined with a non-thermal power law proton distribution. These protons interact between themselves as well as with photon spectrum, modelled as a Band function, to create pions. The pion and muon decays as well as the photon-proton interactions have been simulated using the newly released AM3 software to calculate the expected neutrino flux. The obtained result includes sub-TeV neutrinos from the thermal proton population. The flux at Earth is obtained for different parameters to demonstrate the possibilities of probing various GRB populations with the current and next generation of neutrino telescopes.
Speaker: Karlijn Kruiswijk (UCLouvain) -
36
A New Map of Neutrino Emission in Our Galaxy with CRPropa
In the next ten years, neutrino telescopes will become increasingly sensitive to galactic neutrinos, the flux of neutrinos produced by astrophysical sources and in cosmic ray interactions within our galaxy. This new flux offers a promising laboratory for exploring beyond the standard model neutrino physics dependent on ultra-long baselines. However, searches for these BSM signals will require improved understanding of the galactic neutrino distribution, since the signal will depend on the spread of neutrino production at different distances along a given galactic line of sight. This additional dimension has not been used in galactic neutrino searches and has not been modeled. We use the cosmic ray propagation software CRPropa to produce a four-dimensional spatial and energy neutrino distribution by simulating the collisions between galactic cosmic rays and gas. We vary the input gas maps, cosmic ray source distributions and spectra, magnetic field properties, and interaction cross-sections and calculate their effect on the resulting neutrino distribution. We also compare our four-dimensional distributions to existing galactic neutrino maps. By understanding where neutrinos are produced within our galaxy, we hope to enable new tests of neutrino properties and interactions.
Speaker: Kiara Carloni (Harvard University) -
37
A novel optical imaging system for the LAr detector GRAIN
DUNE is a leading-edge experiment for neutrino oscillation physics and is
currently under construction in the United States, between Fermilab, where
neutrino beam is generated, and the SURF underground laboratory, in South
Dakota, hosting the Far Detector at a depth of 4,850 mwe and at a baseline
of nearly 1,300 km. GRAIN (GRanular Argon for Interactions of Neutrinos) is
the Liquid Argon detector of SAND (System for On-Axis Neutrino Detection),
which is part of the DUNE Near Detector complex. SAND is expected to
significantly decrease uncertainties related to neutrino flux and cross-sections.
Additionally, SAND will have the capacity to monitor the beam stability, and to
investigate various neutrino interactions models, constraining at the same time
nuclear effects. A key element of SAND is GRAIN, which will serve as a Liquid
Argon target for detecting neutrinos and low-energy particles, ensuring crosscalibration
with the other Near Detector components. This poster will discuss
the novel GRAIN system designed for reconstructing charged particle tracks in
LAr. It is based on the detection of scintillation light by an optical system
optimised for the Vacuum Ultra-Violet, coupled to SiPM matrices. Another
research topic that will be described concerns the development of a cryogenic,
1024-channel ASIC, able to read 32x32 SiPM matrices.Speaker: Francesco Chiapponi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
38
Advancements in Data Acquisition and Synchronization Systems for the TAMBO Experiment
The TAMBO experiment aims to investigate the tau neutrino component within the astrophysical neutrino flux. One of our ongoing endeavors involves identifying the optimal data acquisition system (DAQ) to be used in conjunction with the synchronization system. The synchronization system plays a crucial role in identifying the air shower initiated by the tau lepton as it exits the rock.
In this context, we present two distinct DAQ prototypes. The first DAQ prototype utilizes an FPGA for high-accuracy digital processing and 4-frequency beacon wireless detection for synchronization purposes. Conversely, the second DAQ prototype is based on Red Pitaya and employs a wired synchronization system utilizing a GPS-disciplined clock.
We will implement an experimental setup comprising three scintillator planes to evaluate the wired synchronization system's performance. Each plane will be positioned at the vertex of an equilateral triangle with sides measuring ~ 80 -100 meters.
Speaker: Dr Jimmy Tarrillo (Universidad de Ingenieria y Tecnologia) -
39
Advancements in Single Barium Ion Capture and Imaging for Barium Tagging Sensors in NEXT Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Studies
Demonstrating a highly efficient single ion barium tagging sensor could reduce backgrounds in searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) to negligible levels in ton to multi-ton scale experiments. The NEXT collaboration is pursuing a phased program aimed at searching for $0\nu\beta\beta$ utilizing high-pressure xenon gas time projection chambers (TPC) with the introduction of a future barium tagging phase using single molecule fluorescence imaging (SMFI). In the following, I will present recent advances in the development of single ion barium tagging technology based on SMFI using a novel high-pressure gas microscope and organic fluorophores for dry functionality, along with demonstration of single ion capture and imaging in a high-pressure xenon gas environment. This single-ion imaging microscope is a prototype sensor for future integration into a barium tagging high-pressure xenon gas TPC experiment. Lastly, outline the framework of a novel qubit-inspired ion sensor designed to integrate the sensing and transportation of the daughter ion produced in $0\nu\beta\beta$. This sensor will be realized through the utilization of advanced nanofabrication techniques, enabling the development of a photonic integrated chip. This framework aims to create a compact ion detector that is highly selective, dependable and adaptable for integration into a barium tagging TPC design.
Speaker: Karen Navarro (University of Texas at Arlington) -
40
Advances towards the IceCube-Gen2 Neutrino Observatory
IceCube-Gen2 is a planned extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the geographic South Pole. The array is optimized to search for sources of astrophysical neutrinos from TeV to EeV energies. IceCube-Gen2 builds on more than a decade of successful scientific observations with IceCube. The observatory will utilize optical sensor modules integrated into the deep ultra-clear Antarctic ice for the detection of Cherenkov light from neutrino interactions, surface detectors on the ice for the detection of cosmic-ray air showers, and an extended radio array for sensing of ultra-high-energy neutrinos. This presentation will review the array. Technologies for the construction and operations of the Gen2 detector will be described, with a particular emphasis on sustainability, environmental impact, and resource optimization.
Speaker: Carsten Rott (University of Utah) -
41
Analysis of the evolution of the reactor antineutrino spectrum in the framework of the JUNO-TAO experiment
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector located 700 m underground at 52.5 km from two Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) in China. The primary physics goal of JUNO is to determine the neutrino mass ordering by measuring the electron antineutrino ($\bar{\nu}_e$) oscillated spectrum with excellent energy resolution. This requires a very accurate knowledge of the non-oscillated reactor $\bar{\nu}_e$ spectrum. The Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) is a satellite experiment consisting of a ton-level liquid scintillator detector that will measure the $\bar{\nu}_e$ spectrum with unprecedented energy resolution at 44 m from the core of a reactor at the Taishan NPP, providing a reference spectrum for JUNO.
This poster presents the analysis tools that we are developing to simulate the evolution of the reactor $\bar{\nu}_e$ spectrum as a function of fuel burnup and to implement a $\bar{\nu}_e$ summation spectrum, based on most up-to-date nuclear data, to be used for future benchmark analyses of TAO data.Speaker: Davide Chiesa (Università di Milano - Bicocca, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
42
Approximate Intrinsic Directional Resolution Limits in Low-Energy Cascade Reconstruction with IceCube Upgrade
The IceCube Observatory is a cubic-kilometer neutrino telescope built into the deep glacial ice at the South Pole. The IceCube Upgrade is the future low-energy extension to the existing detector array, characterized by denser instrumentation and improved detection units. This setup will allow us to study neutrino oscillations with greater sensitivity compared to the existing instrumentation, improve neutrino mass ordering studies, and test for the PMNS mixing matrix unitarity with high precision. The reconstruction of event information, in particular the direction of an incoming neutrino, is a crucial ingredient to all of the oscillation analyses. In this poster, we present the approximate resolution limits in directional reconstruction for cascade-like events in IceCube Upgrade and discuss the factors that limit the reconstruction performance. The reconstruction limits are compared with the performances of the state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms of IceCube.
Speaker: Kaustav Dutta (JGU Mainz) -
43
Are T2K's oscillation constraints robust under flavour-texture priors?
T2K is a long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiment that has delivered world-leading measurements of the atmospheric mixing angle and the magnitude of CP-violation in neutrino oscillations. Here we show that Bayesian analyses using the PDG parameters benefit certain flavour symmetries through their choice of uniform prior, and we consider alternate parameterisations that exhaust choices of symmetry. We conclude that T2K’s Bayesian framework MaCh3 produces constraints that are largely invariant under these priors. The usual parameters already yield the most conservative constraint for the amount of CP-violation but the octant of $\theta_{23}$ is still dependent on the flavour structure we choose for our prior.
Speaker: Mr Andres Lopez Moreno (King's College London) -
44
Astrophysical neutrino search at sub-GeV energies in IceCube
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is sensitive from 0.5 GeV to the PeV energy range for astrophysical neutrino searches. In addition, the supernova Data Acquisition System (DAQ) allows the collaboration to be sensitive to close-by core-collapse supernovae at MeV energies. There exists, however, a gap between these covered energy ranges. This poster presents ongoing efforts to cover this gap. We will discuss various strategies to reach this goal through the use of HitSpool, a specific DAQ within IceCube, and the construction of a new event selection based on machine learning and citizen science.
Speaker: Per Arne Sevle Myhr (UCLouvain) -
45
Atmospheric Argon Instrumentation for LEGEND-1000 at LNGS
LEGEND-1000 is a next-generation ton-scale experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge using p-type, high-purity germanium detectors. The experiment is planned for 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90$\%$ in $^{76}$Ge.
The experiment is going to be installed at LNGS (3800 mwe) to reduce direct and induced backgrounds from cosmic rays.
While standard analysis techniques are very effective in removing prompt backgrounds, muon-induced events, associated with the production of long-lived isotopes in Ge detectors, require the application of delayed coincidence cuts between muon veto, liquid argon veto and the Ge detectors.We present the design principles for the new active veto for LEGEND-1000 at LNGS. The goal is to instrument the atmospheric liquid argon volume and enhance the delayed coincidence cut efficiency by identifying neutron captures in argon via de-excitation gammas. We will discuss the various readout options considered and their performance, estimated through Geant4 simulations.
This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilities.
Speakers: Michele Morella (Gran Sasso Science Institute and INFN LNGS), Raoul Cesarano (Gran Sasso Science Institute and INFN LNGS) -
46
A 6Li-doped pulse shape sensitive plastic scintillator for reactor antineutrino detection
Large-scale 6Li-doped pulse shape sensitive plastic scintillator is one of several technologies under development within the Mobile Antineutrino Demonstrator project. Liquid scintillator with similar capabilities was one of key aspects of the aboveground reactor antineutrino detection demonstration by the PROSPECT experiment. However, a plastic material is considered a requirement for truly mobile above-ground detection systems suited to reactor monitoring for safeguards. The new formulation of plastic scintillator is being developed in partnership with Eljen Technologies and can be obtained in multi-liter single volumes enabling the construction of segments at meter-scale lengths. We will present a summary of measured performance criteria, which include attenuation length, stability, pulse shape sensitivity, and neutron efficiency measurements.
This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-ABS-861441
Speakers: Cristian Roca Catala (LLNL), Nathaniel Bowden -
47
Background decomposition of the CUORE experiment and measurement of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ half-life of $^{130}$Te
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a tonne scale detector designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{130}$Te. The CUORE detector is made of 988 TeO$_{2}$ crystals operated at around 15 mK in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory(Italy).
The unfolding of the experimental backgrounds is of primary importance in discovering a very rare process like the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay. Material screenings and assays, together with a detailed set of Monte Carlo simulations, accomplish this complex task, modeling the CUORE data. Moreover, the characterization of the experimental setup provides an essential input for the background budget of the next-generation experiment, CUPID, which will exploit the same cryogenic facility.
We will show the reconstruction of the 1 ton$\cdot$yr CUORE data by means of a simultaneous Bayesian fit of 39 different energy spectra over the entire detector energy range. The determination of the background components activities will be discussed, along with a comprehensive analysis of the fit systematics, which allows studying the space and time dependence of the contaminants.
We will also show a dedicated fit to the CUORE data for the precise determination of half-life and shape of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{130}$Te.Speaker: Stefano Ghislandi (Gran Sasso Science Institute) -
48
Background simulations for CROSS experiment
The observation of neutrinoless double beta (0ν2β) decay would give information on lepton number violation, as well as on the neutrino mass and nature (Dirac or Majorana particle). The CROSS project (Cryogenic Rare event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) uses bolometers with embedded with Mo100 and Te130 isotopes, which are susceptible to decay through this hypothetical process. The CROSS bolometers are installed in a dedicated cryogenic facility in the Canfranc underground laboratory, Spain. As the main challenge of an experiment aimed to detect 0ν2β decay is to reduce the background contribution in the region of interest (ROI), the CROSS experiment is developing bolometers capable to discriminate the background from surface alpha and beta interactions. Moreover, to tag and eliminate muon-related events, the experimental setup includes a heavy passive shielding and an active muon veto system made of plastic scintillators. Background modeling is essential in experiments searching for rare processes. For that purpose, a new MonteCarlo simulation of the CROSS experiment has been designed using the GEANT4 toolkit. This simulation has lead to calculate several background contributions in the ROI. Furthermore, it has allowed to develop targeted strategies to reduce background by applying event selections based on energy depositions observed across different detectors.
Speaker: Dr David Cintas González (CNRS - IJCLab) -
49
Backgrounds of the CUPID experiment
Next generation neutrinoless double beta experiments aims at covering the inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass spectrum, with sensitivities on the half-lives greater than 10$^{27}$ years. The CUPID experiment will exploit cryogenic calorimeters to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo. To reach the target sensitivities one of the key requirements is the understanding and control of the backgrounds. The poster will detail the background sources relevant to the CUPID experiment. We will show the estimation of the background index for each of the sources, based on background models of past experiments and from detector performances in R&D tests.
Speaker: Pia Loaiza (IJCLab, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay) -
50
Bayesian Fit for the NOvA Three Flavor Oscillation Analysis
NOvA is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment, using Fermilab's NuMI beam and a functionally identical near and far detector. NOvA measures muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance to probe neutrino oscillation parameters, including the large neutrino mixing angle, the mass ordering, and the CP-violating phase. NOvA has developed a Bayesian analysis in addition to its Frequentist analysis, using Markov Chain Monte Carlo. This Bayesian framework allows for measurements previously difficult to make with the Frequentist framework, such as the Jarlskog invariant and the reactor mixing angle. The details and status of the Bayesian Framework will be presented, as well as latest NOvA results on measurements of three-flavor oscillation parameters.
Speakers: Ben Jargowsky (University Of California, Irvine), Liudmila Kolupaeva -
51
Bayesian Neural Network applied to Cherenkov event reconstruction
The domain of low energy neutrinos is at the edge of making important measurements, among which the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background and the Upturn of the electron flavor survival probability of solar neutrinos. In this context, the next generation of Cherenkov detectors will need algorithms that outperform traditional regression algorithms to reconstruct both low and high energy charged particle events. Key challengers for this task are Neural Networks, as they have become increasingly more performant and reliable during the last decade, and their use for physics regression and classification tasks have proved their worth regarding the possible gain of precision, accuracy and computation time.
This work will present the current status of a machine learning (ML) model based on Graph Neural Networks aiming at predicting relevant variables of low energy charged particle events in Cherenkov detectors, such as the vertex of interaction and the particle's energy. In particular, a Bayesian Neural Network based on stochastic variational inference is considered. The advantages of this type of Neural Network will be presented, most notably its ability to probe the uncertainties of the model's weight and biases, which is an important improvement over other ML models. The performance of our model will then be showed using Monte-Carlo simulations of future Cherenkov detectors such as Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), Water Cherenkov Test Experiment (WCTE) and Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector (IWCD).Speaker: Lorenzo Perisse (ILANCE, CNRS-UTokyo) -
52
BINGO: Investigation of the Majorana nature of neutrinos at the few meV level of the neutrino mass scale
BINGO is a project dedicated to explore and demonstrate new methods for background reduction in cryogenic calorimetric $0\nu\beta\beta$ searches. With a target background index at the level of $10^{-5}$ counts/(keV kg yr) it aims at providing a path towards a nearly background free $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiment with a tonne of the isotopes of interest $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te. The major design aspects to achieve this goal are (i) a novel detector assembly reducing the exposed surface area of un-instrumented (passive) materials in the detector array by more than an order of magnitude, (ii) an additional tightly packed array of BGO scintillators that surrounds the detector array and acts as active cryogenic veto system and (iii) the use of enhanced Neganov-Trofimov-Luke based light detectors that help mitigate the pile-up background for $^{100}$Mo and ensure the alpha-beta discrimination in $^{130}$TeO$_2$. In this poster we will describe the technical design of these concepts, results from prototypes of the technologies in proof-of concept measurements and initial Geant4 based projections of the impact of these improvements in a CUORE/CUPID size experiment.
Speaker: Benjamin Schmidt (CEA/IRFU/DPHP) -
53
BOLD: three strategies for detecting single Ba ions in NEXT using molecular indicators
Experiments searching for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) are pushing the boundaries of technology to achieve sensitivities to half-lives on the order of 10$^{28}$ years or beyond. A promising approach involves detecting the daughter barium ion generated in the double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. The NEXT collaboration is investigating chemical sensors to identify the Ba$^{2+}$ coinciding with the emission of two electrons. This entails a challenge, since only a few signal-candidate ions per year would be produced in the NEXT chamber. Further the chemosensors must be compatible with the ultra-dry conditions of xenon gas.
The NEXT group working in Barium tagging is exploring different families of molecular indicators which produce different types of fluorescence signals upon binding to Ba$^{2+}$. First: on-off molecules, with high yield when forming a complex with Ba$^{2+}$. Second: bi-color molecules, with spectral emission shift when they interact with the ion. Third: time-resolved molecules with different decay lifetimes. Different surface-science techniques are being developed to characterise each molecular family and will be detailed in this contribution. Furthermore, a custom-engineered, finely-tuned Ba$^{2+}$ beam is being developed to reproduce the conditions in the final NEXT detector of high pressure xenon. The response of the fluorescent molecules after exposure to this beam will assure the viability of such a barium tagging sensor.Speaker: Pablo Herrero Gomez (Donostia International Physics Center) -
54
Calibrating DUNE – The Largest LArTPC Ever To Be Built
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, DUNE, is a next-generation, long-baseline, neutrino experiment, and flagship project for the U.S. It is poised to perform some of the most precise measurements of the properties of neutrinos in order to elucidate their role in the outstanding matter-antimatter asymmetry. DUNE will make use of the most intense neutrino beams produced by the Fermi National Accelerator Lab in Batavia, Illinois and propagate them towards a far detector located 800 miles away and a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. At a nominal 70 kilotons of liquid Argon, the DUNE far detector will be the largest Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC)-based neutrino observatory in the world. The level of precision required to answer the questions sought after by DUNE, result in unprecedented requirements in our understanding of the detector response. We must therefore, carefully address various systematic uncertainties, particularly those in position and energy reconstruction of neutrino interactions and their byproducts. I will talk about the challenges involved in calibrating the largest LArTPC ever to be built and elaborate on the sophisticated calibration systems, catered for DUNE, to provide the precision required to achieve future breakthrough discoveries.
Speaker: Nuno Barros (LIP (Portugal)) -
55
Can SBND probe Lepton Flavor Violation?
We investigate the possibility of using the Short Baseline Near Detector at Fermilab, with and without employing the PRISM concept, to constrain the pion and kaon leptonic flavor (and number) violating decays. We show that we can put stringent limits on the flavor violating branching ratios.
Speaker: Gustavo Alves (University Of Sao Paulo) -
56
Characterising the Detector Response of the SuperFGD as part of the T2K Near Detector Upgrade
The upgrade of the T2K near detector, ND280, will improve the physics capabilities of the experiment, including a reduced proton momentum threshold, increased angular acceptance, and the ability to reconstruct neutron kinematics on an event by event basis. Central to the near detector upgrade is the Super Fine Grained Detector (SuperFGD), which consists of approximately two million optically isolated 1 cm scintillator cubes.
The SuperFGD has been assembled and installed at J-PARC, commissioned using LED, cosmic and T2K neutrino beam data, and is now taking physics data in the T2K neutrino beam. This poster presents the efforts in commissioning the detector and characterisation of the detector response, which is critical for making use of data in physics analyses. Plans for the first analyses are also presented.
Speaker: Tristan Doyle (Stony Brook University) -
57
Characterizing High-Energy Neutrino Emission Parameters in Bright Seyfert Galaxies and Quasars
Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the direction of nearby active galaxy, NGC 1068, was a major step in identifying for the origin of high-energy neutrinos. This observation revealed that high-energy neutrinos originated at the heart of active galaxies which are opaque to gamma-ray emission. The realization that is reinforced by the excess of neutrinos in the direction of NGC 4151, another nearby AGN. Modeling neutrino emission from the core of AGN relies on the multi-wavelength observation of the inner parts of the active galaxy and is challenging due to the uncertainties associated with the absorption of emission in these dense environments. Here, we employ the measured neutrino spectra together with the sub-GeV $\gamma$-ray emission measured by the Fermi satellite to break the degeneracy and narrow in on the parameter space of neutrino emission from the coronae of AGN. Our result will help estimating the prospects for identification of additional sources and guide future targeted analyses
Speaker: Jose Carpio (University of Nevada Las Vegas) -
58
Commissioning and calibration of the Super-FGD in the T2K experiment near detector upgrade
The Super Fine-Grained Detector (SFGD) is part of a significant upgrade to the near detector in the Tokai to Kamioka (T2K) long-baseline neutrino experiment. It serves to provide excellent precision in measurements of neutrino cross-sections, mass ordering and Charge-Parity asymmetry. With almost 2 million plastic scintillator cubes threaded with wavelength shifting fibres to make up about 56,000 channels, the commissioning and calibration of this detector presents numerous challenges.
This poster describes the calibration process and preparations for neutrino data taking with the SFGD, including the incorporation of the task management software Luigi, developed by the music streaming service Spotify. By automating the process, data taken with LED pulses between neutrino beam spills is used to monitor the stability of the high gain and other properties of the channel readout. The procedures for calculating the gain and pedestal, and classification of channel output are described, where results using LED data taken in February 2024 indicate good calibration for nearly all channels even at this early stage. With the full detector installation in April 2024, commissioning efforts will be finalised, reconstruction of particle tracks and identification can be re-calibrated, and physics analyses will commence.Speaker: Dr Daniel Ferlewicz (The University of Tokyo) -
59
Commissioning of High Angle Time Projection Chambers for T2K ND Upgrade
T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment located in Japan\cite{t2k}. Over the last few years, the experiment has been focused on the study of the $\delta_{CP}$ phase parameter of the PMNS matrix, which may introduce a Charge-Parity violation component in the Leptonic Sector. \
T2K has entered its Second Phase, characterized by upgrades of the Beam Line and of the Near Detector. The new Near Detector design includes the installation of a new target and tracking system, including two High Angle Time Projection Chambers devoted to the identification of charged particles at large angles with respect to beam direction\cite{t2kup}.\
HA-TPCs are based on a gaseous active volume contained in a Field Cage made of lightweight composite material, combining optimal mechanical and electrical properties with minimal radiation length and dead volume.
The readout is performed by innovative Resistive Micromegas modules featuring a resistive layer for charge spreading on top of the readout plane to enhance spatial resolution performances. The mentioned technologies have been tested during several test beams and cosmic rays campaigns\cite{cern2018}\cite{desy2019}\cite{cern2022}\cite{eram2023}. After the installation at J-Parc in Fall 2023, a commissioning period of data taking with cosmics and then with a neutrino beam has been performed.This poster focuses on the characterization and commissioning performances of the HA-TPCs at CERN and J-Parc, including also the first results using beam neutrinos interactions.
\begin{thebibliography}{999}
\bibitem[1]{t2k}
Abe, K.; et al. The T2K experiment. {\em Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A} {\bf 2011}, {\em 659}, 106--135.\bibitem[2]{t2kup}
Abe, K.; et al. T2K ND280 Upgrade--Technical Design Report. {\em arXiv} {\bf 2019}, arXiv:1901.03750.\bibitem[3]{cern2018}
Attié, D.; et al. Performances of a resistive Micromegas module for the Time Projection Chambers of the T2K Near Detector upgrade. {\em Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A} {\bf 2020}, {\em 957}, 163286.\bibitem[4]{desy2019}
Attié, D.; et al. Characterization of resistive Micromegas detectors for the upgrade of the T2K Near Detector Time Projection Chambers. {\em Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A} {\bf 2022}, {\em 1025}, 166109.\bibitem[5]{cern2022}
Attié, D.; et al. Analysis of test beam data taken with a prototype of TPC with resistive Micromegas for the T2K Near Detector upgrade. {\em Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A} {\bf 2023}, {\em 1052}, 168248.\bibitem[6]{eram2023}
Ambrosi, L.; et al. Characterization of charge spreading and gain of encapsulated resistive Micromegas detectors for the upgrade of the T2K Near Detector Time Projection Chambers.{\em Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A} {\bf 2023} {\em 1056}, 168534.\end{thebibliography}
Speaker: Matteo Feltre (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
60
Comparing Sensitivities of Counting and Fitting Methods in Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiments
In the search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) experiments, common data analysis methods include the traditional counting method within a region of interest, while energy spectrum fitting methods are used in some experiments like KamLAND-Zen. These two types of methods differ in their sensitivities to the 0νββ half-life.
Simulations are performed to quantify such differences, using the background conditions at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). The results of the simulation indicate that the fitting method would yield a higher sensitivity than the counting method by a factor of 1.25. This study discusses the source of these differences, and the conclusions can provide benefits for future 0νββ experiments in selecting data processing methods.Speaker: 昊阳 付 (清华大学) -
61
Complete one-loop renormalization-group equations in the seesaw effective field theories
We derive the complete set of one-loop renormalization-group equations (RGEs) for the operators up to dimension-six (dim-6) in the seesaw effective field theories (SEFTs). Two kinds of contributions to those RGEs are identified, one from double insertions of the dimension-five (dim-5) Weinberg operator and the other from single insertions of the tree-level dim-6 operators in the SEFTs. A number of new results are presented. First, as the dim-5 Weinberg operator is unique in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT), its contributions to the RGEs for the SEFTs are equally applicable to the SMEFT. We find the full contributions from the Weinberg operator to one-loop RGEs in the SMEFT, correcting the results existing in previous works, and confirm that those from dim-6 operators are consistent with the results in the literature. Second, in the type-I SEFT, we give the explicit expressions of the RGEs of all the physical parameters involved in the charged- and neutralcurrent interactions of leptons. Third, the RGEs are numerically solved to illustrate the running behaviors of the non-unitary parameters, mixing angles and CP-violating phases in the non-unitary leptonic flavor mixing matrix. Together with the one-loop matching results of the dim-5 and dim-6 operators and their Wilson coefficients, the present work has established a self-consistent framework up to dim-6 to investigate low-energy phenomena of three types of seesaw models at the one-loop level.
Speaker: Di Zhang (Technical University Munich) -
62
Constraining Cross Section and Beam Systematics for Future NOvA Sterile Neutrino Search
With detectors at both Fermilab and Ash River, Minnesota, in the United States, NOvA was built to investigate the intricate properties of neutrinos, with a principal emphasis on active three-flavour neutrino mixing phenomena. Comprising two functionally identical detectors, with the Near Detector located 1 km below ground at Fermilab and the Far Detector, located 810 km away and 14 mrad off the beam axis in Northern Minnesota, NOvA capitalizes on the expansive distance to scrutinize neutrino behaviour.
NOvA not only probes active neutrino mixing but also explores exotic oscillations, including sterile neutrinos. Uncertainties on the neutrino flux, cross-section, and detector systematics significantly contribute, complicating the disentanglement of genuine physics events from background noise. In this poster, we show the impact of systematic reduction via neutral current samples and its implications on oscillation parameters, leveraging results primarily from Monte Carlo simulations. We aim to enhance the precision of neutrino research and illuminate pathways towards a deeper comprehension of particle physics phenomena.
Speaker: Haejun Stella Oh (University of Cincinnati) -
63
Cosmic background rejection of the ICARUS experiment at Fermilab
The Short Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab aims to explore significant regions of parameter space, applicable to sterile neutrinos at the eV mass scale, as suggested by existing experimental anomalies. To this purpose it exploits Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber detectors located along the Booster Neutrino Beamline to measure both νe appearance and νµ disappearance: the Short Baseline Neutrino Detector and the ICARUS-T600 detector at 110 and 600 m from the neutrino source, respectively. The ICARUS T-600 Far Detector, located at shallow depth, is surrounded by a Cosmic Ray Tagger system to mitigate the cosmic ray background. On average ~ 11 muon tracks are expected to cross the detector during the ~ 1 ms drift time. The cosmic ray tagger is composed of plastic scintillator bars, ensuring near 4π coverage of the detector aiming at tagging cosmic muons and thus reject 𝛾s produced by muon interactions in the surrounding materials that can generate an electromagnetic showers mimicking a νe signal. The system allows one to disentangle cosmic rays from particles originated in a neutrino interaction inside the detector by measuring their position and crossing time. A synchronization of the cosmic ray tagger with the ICARUS photon detection system with a nanosecond accuracy allows one to reject cosmic particles recorded during the beam spill and thus select an enriched sample of neutrino triggered events ahead of the event reconstruction. An overview of the cosmic ray tagger system as well as its role in the neutrino events identification and cosmic background rejection will be presented.
Speaker: Francesco Poppi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
64
Cosmogenic background simulations for neutrinoless double beta decay with the DARWIN observatory at various underground sites
Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay, and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. We used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at several underground laboratories to determine the production rate of Xe-137, the most crucial isotope in the search for of the neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136.
Speaker: Jose Cuenca Garcia (UZH) -
65
CP violation due to a Majorana phase in two flavor neutrino oscillations with decays
We study the conditions under which the Majorana phase of the two flavor neutrino mixing matrix appears in the oscillation probabilities and causes $CP$ violation. We find that the Majorana phase remains in the neutrino evolution equation if the neutrino decay eigenstates are not aligned with the mass eigenstates. We show that, in general, two kinds of $CP$ violation are possible: one due to the Majorana phase and the other due to the phase of the off-diagonal element of the neutrino decay matrix. We find that the $CP$ violating terms in the oscillation probabilities are also sensitive to neutrino mass ordering.
Speaker: Akhila Kumar Pradhan (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay) -
66
CUORE analysis framework for 988 cryogenic calorimeters: Searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of Te-130
The CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events) experiment at Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy primarily searches for neutrinoless double-beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{130}$Te. The CUORE detector consists of a close-packed array of 988 TeO$_2$ calorimetric detectors cooled to below 15 mK using a custom-built cryogen-free dilution refrigerator. The experiment is the first to demonstrate stable operation of a tonne-scale milli-kelvin cryogenic calorimeter. We present the analysis framework used for the latest CUORE data release corresponding to over 2 tonne$\cdot$year TeO$_2$ exposure. We focus on the improved signal processing and response modelling methods relative to our previous analysis, and the extraction of the 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay result with a comprehensive overview of our coherent Bayesian approach.
Speaker: Dr Krystal Alfonso (Virginia Tech) -
67
Dark sector searches with the MicroBooNE detector
The MicroBooNE detector, an 85-tonne active mass liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) at Fermilab, is ideally suited to search for physics beyond the standard model due to its excellent calorimetric, spatial, and energy resolution. This poster will present several recent results using data recorded with Fermilab’s NuMI neutrino beam: a first search for dark-trident scattering in a neutrino beam, world-leading limits on heavy neutral lepton production, including the first limits on neutrino-neutral pion final states, and new constraints on Higgs portal scalar models.
Speaker: Stefan Soldner-Rembold (Imperial College London) -
68
Data vs. MC comparison of light signal from cosmic rays in the ICARUS detectors
Currently, the ICARUS-T600 liquid argon TPC is collecting data exposed to Booster Neutrino and Numi off-axis beams within the SBN program at Fermilab. A light detection system, based on PMTs deployed behind the TPC wire chambers, is in place to detect vacuum ultraviolet photons produced by ionizing particles in LAr. This system is fundamental for the detector operation, providing an efficient trigger and contributing to the 3D reconstruction of events. Moreover, since the TPC is exposed to a huge flux of cosmic rays due to its operations at shallow depths, the light detection system allows for the time reconstruction of events, contributing to the identification and to the selection of neutrino interactions within the beam spill gates.
This contribution will primarily focus on the comparative study (data vs. MC) of light signal of cosmic muons to validate the light emulation. An overview of the current analysis status and its first results will be reported.Speaker: Magda Cicerchia (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
69
Data-Driven Light Model for the MicroBooNE Experiment
MicroBooNE is a short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that employs a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) together with an array of Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) which detect scintillation light. This light detection provides a means to reject cosmic ray backgrounds and trigger on beam-related interactions. Thus, accurate modeling of the expected optical detector signal is critical. MicroBooNE has been performing several measurements of scintillation light yield in order to perform detector calibrations as well as improve LAr scintillation light modeling more broadly. This poster will present the status of these measurements and how they are being used to inform updates to the detector light yield simulation in a data-driven way.
Speaker: Polina Abratenko -
70
Daya Bay oscillation results with neutron capture by hydrogen
The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment was designed with the primary goal of precisely measuring the neutrino mixing parameter, $\theta_{13}$. Eight identically-designed liquid scintillator detectors installed in three underground experimental halls measure the reactor antineutrinos from six nuclear reactors with different distances. In addition to the precise measurement via neutron capture on gadolinium, another independent measurement with distinct systematics could be carried out based on neutron capture by hydrogen. In this poster, the latest neutrino oscillation analysis results based on the 1958-day data with neutron capture by hydrogen will be presented. Moreover, the improved statistics and systematic control will be emphasized.
Speaker: Zhiyuan Chen (Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) -
71
Deep Learning applications for electron neutrino reconstruction in the ICARUS experiment.
The ICARUS T600 detector is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) installed at Fermilab, aimed towards a sensitive search for possible electron neutrino excess in the 200-600 MeV region. To investigate electron neutrino appearance signals in ICARUS, a fast and accurate algorithm for selecting electron neutrino events from a background of cosmic interactions is required. We present an application of the general-purpose deep learning based reconstruction algorithm developed at SLAC to the task of electron neutrino reconstruction in the ICARUS detector. We demonstrate its effectiveness using the ICARUS detector simulation dataset containing electron neutrino events and out-of-time cosmic interactions generated using the CORSIKA software. In addition, we compare the selection efficiency/purity and reconstructed energy resolution across different initial neutrino energy ranges, and discuss current efforts to improve reconstruction of low energy neutrino events.
Speaker: Dae Heun Koh (SLAC) -
72
Deep Learning at DUNE
DUNE is the flagship of the next generation of neutrino experiments in the United States. It is designed to decisively measure neutrino CP violation and the mass hierarchy. It utilizes the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology, which provides exceptional spatial resolution and the potential to accurately identify final state particles and neutrino events. DUNE's high resolution LArTPC increases the difficulty of reconstructing and identifying neutrino events at DUNE. Deep learning techniques offer a promising solution to this problem. At DUNE, convolutional neural networks, graph neural networks and transformers are being developed and have already shown promising results in kinematic reconstruction, clustering and event/particle identification. Deep learning methods have also been preliminarily tested on data from the DUNE prototype detector ProtoDUNE at CERN. I will discuss the aforementioned progress on deep learning reconstruction at DUNE.
Speaker: Jianming Bian -
73
Detection of Astrophysical Tau Neutrinos with IceCube
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole has sensitivity to all three active neutrino flavors created by atmospheric and astrophysical sources, spanning six orders of magnitude in energy. Using ten years of data and convolutional neural networks to identify astrophysical tau neutrino morphologies, we detected seven tau neutrino candidates on an estimated background of approximately 0.5 events, dominated by other astrophysical neutrino flavors. The estimated average energy of the candidate tau neutrinos is approximately 200 TeV. This is the first high-significance measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos, and the most energetic tau neutrino candidates ever observed.
Speaker: Prof. Doug Cowen (IceCube Collaboration) -
74
Determination of the neutrino oscillation parameters through the unified approach of Feldman and Cousins by the NOvA Experiment
The NOvA experiment presents new measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters obtained through a fit to data from the one megawatt NuMI neutrino beam in the NOvA detectors. The analysis uses muon-neutrino disappearance and electron-neutrino appearance in both neutrino and antineutrino beam polarities. With the addition of $\sim100\%$ more neutrino-mode beam exposure over the previously reported results, this analysis employs the unified approach of Feldman and Cousins to determine the confidence level intervals for the oscillation parameters $\theta_{23}$, $\delta_{\text{CP}}$, and $\Delta m_{32}^{2}$, for both neutrino mass orderings.
Speakers: Mr Andrew Dye (The University of Mississippi), Mr Luiz R. Prais (The University of Mississippi) -
75
Developing the Reconstruction of a Magnetised Gaseous Argon TPC for the DUNE Near Detector
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation neutrino experiment that will consist of a near detector (ND) complex placed at Fermilab, several hundred meters downstream of the neutrino production point, and a larger far detector (FD) to be built in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), approximately 1300 km away. DUNE will record neutrino interactions from an accelerator-produced beam (the LBNF multi-megawatt wide-band neutrino beam planned for Fermilab) arriving at predictable times, but will also aim to detect rare events such as supernova neutrinos, potential nucleon decays and other beyond the Standard Model phenomena. The main role of the DUNE ND is constraining the systematic uncertainties in the neutrino oscillation measurements by characterising the energy spectrum and composition of the neutrino beam, as well as performing precision measurements of neutrino cross sections. The plan for DUNE is to be built using a staged approach with two main phases. While the Phase I ND complex is sufficient for early physics goals, a Phase II upgrade is planned in order to reach the designed sensitivity for the neutrino oscillation physics. The upgraded Phase II ND will feature ND-GAr, a magnetised high-pressure gaseous argon TPC surrounded by an electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) and a muon tagger. The gaseous argon provides low detection thresholds, which would allow detailed measurements of nuclear effects at the interaction vertex using the same material as the FD. Additionally, the magnetic field and the ECal would enable efficient particle identification (PID) and momentum and charge reconstruction. GArSoft is the simulation and reconstruction software package developed for ND-GAr. The development of this software is crucial for the task of delivering a physics-driven detector design, as it allows us to understand the impact that design changes have on the physics. This poster will present an overview of the ND-GAr concept, the ongoing efforts on the simulation and reconstruction software and the PID capabilities of the detector.
Speaker: Francisco Martínez López (Queen Mary University of London) -
76
Development of NTL light detectors for the CUPID 0ν2β experiment
The next-generation experiment CUPID (Cuore Upgrade with Particle IDentification) will search for $^{100}$Mo neutrinoless double beta decay (0ν2β) using enriched Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers facing thin Ge cryogenic light detectors. The dual heat-light readout allows for the discrimination of the α-particles, an important background source in CUORE, CUPID’s predecessor, and improves the experimental sensitivity. In addition, the Ge light detectors will be equipped with Al electrodes to amplify their signal-to-noise ratio through the so-called Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) effect. The NTL technology will be the key to reject the pileup of $^{100}$Mo two neutrino double beta decay (2ν2β), a significant background to the 0ν2β search due to the relatively fast 2ν2β decay rate of 100Mo. Currently, various developments are pursued within the collaboration to obtain the best performance from these NTL light detectors and a reliable production process. In this poster, we will present the R&D efforts with the most recent obtained results, the future objectives, and how they will help to reject pileup to keep the background level within the designed level.
Speaker: Antoine Armatol (LBNL) -
77
Development of software for energy calibration of the SuperNEMO Detector
The discovery of neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) would be a huge step in the understanding of the nature of the neutrino. SuperNEMO is an experiment designed to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$, whose demonstrator module is located in Modane Underground Laboratory in France (4800 m.w.e). It uses a unique technique combining a tracker and a segmented, scintillator-based calorimeter that allows us to unambiguously identify the two final-state electrons and measure their arrival time and energy.
The calorimeter consists of so-called optical modules (OMs) composed of polystyrene scintillator coupled to photomultiplier tube (PMT). In order to achieve high detector sensitivity, precise energy calibration of individual OMs is necessary. A specialised calibration system consisting of 42 $^{207}$Bi calibration sources has been built for this purpose. These sources can be deployed on precise positions in the middle of the detector using 6 stepper motors. OMs are then calibrated using Auger electrons emitted through internal conversion of $^{207}$Bi.
There are different effects affecting energy measurement which have to be taken into account. First of all, electrons lose energy while travelling from the calibration source to an OM. Because of that, measured energy is different than the initial one. These losses can be estimated and corrected using model based on Bethe-Bloch formula. Besides these energy losses, the OMs themselves add some imperfections to the energy measurement. Their response is slightly non-linear because of Birks' law and Cherenkov radiation. The collection of scintillation light is also affected by the position of its emission. A correction describing these effects has been developed based on Monte-Carlo simulations.
Including the corrections into the calibration process is not a straightforward task. It leads to a problem of function minimisation which requires numerical solution. The details of this numerical approach will be presented.
Speaker: Filip Konarik (IEAP CTU in Prague) -
78
Differentiable surrogate model for photon propagation in a liquid argon time projection chamber
Many current and future accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments, such as DUNE, rely on liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) as the primary detection technology, benefiting from the high light yield from the liquid argon scintillation. However, propagating the scintillation light from the production to the readout channels is typically computationally challenging. A common solution is to use a look-up table to represent the process. Detectors are increasing in size and number of readout channels, but the need to maintain O(10 cm) granularity for the look-up tables remains constant, leading to billions of parameters being required. Therefore, the look-up table approach is not very scalable. We propose to use SIREN, an implicit neural representation with periodic activation functions, to model photon propagation. It can reproduce the look-up table in 3D with high precision using orders of magnitude fewer parameters. In addition, using the differentiable nature of the SIREN model, we can optimize the photon propagation model directly with data.
Speaker: Yifan Chen -
79
Diffuse and point source search with KM3NeT/ARCA and ANTARES neutrino telescopes
In recent years, the multi-messenger approach in Astrophysics has become a real game changer for better understanding the still unclear phenomena in our universe.
Neutrino telescopes can play a key role by highlighting the hadronic component of such phenomena, testing the known γ-ray sources.
In this contribution, we report the combined analyses of the data collected by two neutrino telescopes located at abyssal sites in the Mediterranean Sea. The ANTARES detector operated for more than 15 years off the coast of Toulon (France). KM3NeT/ARCA is one of two detectors of the next-generation KM3NeT observatory. It is optimized for astrophysical neutrinos of energy > 1 TeV and is currently collecting data, although still under construction off Portopalo di Capo Passero (Italy)..
The candidate list of about one hundred point-like and extended sources is tested for the neutrino emission. This list includes bright γ-ray emitters, galactic γ-ray sources with hints of a hadronic component (TeVCat), extragalactic AGN with high intensity flux observed in radio (VLBI), and the most significant candidate sources investigated by IceCube.
The data samples of the two experiments have also been combined in the search for a diffuse emission of cosmic neutrinos.Speaker: BARBARA CAIFFI (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
80
Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background: Insights from Super-Kamiokande & Prospects with Hyper-Kamiokande
The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) is a theoretical astrophysical prediction of a collection of neutrinos from all core-collapse supernovae that ever existed in the Universe. It is yet to be observed. This presentation will showcase the latest results from the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment and how it excludes certain theoretical models. While SK is primarily sensitive to the integrated value of the DSNB flux, the future Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) experiment will probe the shape of the spectrum in more detail. A study of HK sensitivity to relevant parameters, such as the fraction of black hole forming supernovae, will then be presented. Finally, the discussion will delve into how the observation of a nearby supernova could better constrain the DSNB models by measuring the supernova neutrino emission spectrum.
Speaker: Antoine Beauchêne (Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (CNRS), École Polytechnique) -
81
Doped LAr as a Platform for Low-Energy Physics
LArTPCs are the technology of choice for many current and future neutrino experiments. Improving the performance of LArTPCs to signals with energies less than 10 MeV would substantially enhance the flagship analyses of experiments like DUNE, while potentially enabling the physics of solar neutrinos, dark matter searches, and neutrinoless double beta decay searches.
I outline the pathway and progress on R&D for photosensitive dopants, whose introduction into the LAr active medium, has a potential to enable the detection of low-energy signals in large LArTPCs. This R&D program will demonstrate the feasibility and impacts of introducing doped LAr into current and future neutrino detectors at the kTon scale. I explain the impact of this technology on physics signals across energy ranges. I also show results from ongoing tests of this technology in the TinyTPC test-stand at Fermilab.Speaker: Fernanda Psihas (FNAL) -
82
DUNE's Tau neutrino event reconstruction and selection strategies using graph neural networks
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a pioneering project underway in the US, involves the construction of a next-generation neutrino experiment. This experiment features a broadband neutrino beam spanning from Fermilab to the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, incorporating a high-precision near detector and a substantial liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) far detector, represented by two prototypes – Proto-DUNE single-phase horizontal-drift (ProtoDUNE-HD) and ProtoDUNE single-phase vertical-drift (ProtoDUNE-VD). This study focuses on the DUNE's ability to reconstruct tau neutrino events in the far detector using the NUML graph neural network, essential for differentiating charged current muon, tau, and electron events and classifying hits by particle type.
The findings indicate that leveraging the simultaneous readout of an entire far detector module improves the Positive Prediction Value (PPV) and the True Negative Rate (TNR) compared to utilising individual readout modules in isolation, which would only sample portions of a neutrino interaction’s image
Speaker: William Dallaway (University of Toronto) -
83
DUNE-PRISM: An innovative technique for neutrino oscillation analysis
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next generation experiment designed to measure the neutrino and anti-neutrino oscillation probabilities, using a high-intensity neutrino beam (1.2-2.4 MW) produced at Fermilab. With a baseline of 1300 km and large (kton-scale) LArTPC detectors, DUNE will provide an unprecedented precision in measuring the oscillation parameters. Neutrinos interaction cross sections represent the main source of systematics which enters the analysis and limits the sensitivity of measuring the CP violating phase and other oscillation parameters . The Precision Reaction Independent Spectrum Measurement (PRISM) represents an innovative technique for neutrino oscillation analysis, which has the potential to significantly reduce the interaction model dependency. The DUNE Near Detector (ND) complex is designed to move to different positions along the neutrino beam axis, sampling thus several neutrino fluxes with different peak energies as a function of the off-axis position. The PRISM concept linearly combines these off-axis neutrino measurements to produce data-driven predictions of the oscillated neutrino spectrum at the Far Detector (FD). An oscillated FD prediction obtained directly from data has a minimum modeling dependency, any cross section effects being naturally incorporated in the analysis. This poster will give an overview of the PRISM concept and how it is used within DUNE. A case-study showing how PRISM can avoid potential biases resulting from the wrong interaction modeling will also be presented.
Speaker: Ioana Caracas (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz) -
84
Effect of torsion in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
In this work we have investigated neutrino oscillation in the presence of gravity, in particular the contorsion, which is the non-dynamical part of spin connection. The contraction of contorion field with tetrad gives us torsional coupling constants which can be probed by future long-baseline neutrino experiments like DUNE and P2SO. We use the notations $\lambda_{21}^{\prime}$ and $\lambda_{31}^{\prime}$ to define the torsional couplings in this study. We scrutinize the effect of new torsional couplings on neutrino oscillation probability; appearance and disappearance channel. It turns out that, appearance (disappearance) channel gets more affected by $\lambda_{21}^{\prime}$ ($\lambda_{31}^{\prime})$ when we take one coupling at a time. This feature encourages us to place bounds on the two torsional couplings $\lambda_{21}^{\prime}$ and $\lambda_{31}^{\prime}$ from P2SO and DUNE. The outcome shows that P2SO provides more parameter constraints than DUNE. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the shift in the sensitivities of mass ordering, octant of the atmospheric mixing angle $\theta_{23}$, and CP violation when the new couplings are present. The outcome indicates that changing $\lambda_{(2,3)1}^{\prime}$ from zero to non-zero value significantly alters each sector of physics sensitivity.
Speaker: Papia Panda (University of Hyderabad) -
85
Efficiency of the Photon Detection System in DUNE Far Detectors
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will advance the field of neutrino oscillation to the precision era, independently measuring the entire set of oscillation parameters, thanks to Liquid-Argon TPC technology. The Photon Detection System (PDS) will expand the scientific program of the experiment by providing triggers for non-beam events (atmospheric, solar, and supernova neutrinos) and enhancing the capabilities of the TPC for the long-baseline program.
The PDS of the first FD module consists of light collector modules placed in the inactive space between the innermost wire planes of the TPC anode. The light collectors, the so-called X-ARAPUCAs, are functionally light traps that capture wavelength-shifted photons inside boxes with highly reflective internal surfaces and a wavelength shifting bar to direct the photons onto a SiPM array. We show their functionality and how we assess their performance in standalone facilities (CIEMAT) and ProtoDUNE-HD (CERN).Speakers: Federico Galizzi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Laura Pérez-Molina (CIEMAT) -
86
Electron Shower Energy Reconstruction for the ProtoDUNE experiment
The ProtoDUNE experiment is a full engineering prototype of the DUNE far detector, and took test beam data at CERN. ProtoDUNE-SP is the largest Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), which contains about 770 tons of liquid argon, with 420 tons in the active volume. The beam of the tertiary particles was designed to cover the expected spectrum of particles from neutrino interactions in the DUNE detectors. A key aspect of understanding these interactions is the accurate energy reconstruction of electron showers. This work focuses on improving the energy reconstruction for electron showers in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector. We apply an electron lifetime correction and a simulation-based evaluation of missing energy to improve our energy measurements. We study the correlation between reconstructed shower energy and beam momentum, as well as the resolution of the beam momentum itself. A relationship between the energy resolution of electron showers and beam momentum was studied. Our ongoing work involves developing the analysis for two ProtoDUNE technologies, i.e. horizontal(ProtoDUNE-HD) and vertical(ProtoDUNE-VD) drifts TPCs. Comparing the performance of energy reconstruction between these two detectors will provide valuable insights. This analysis contributes to improvements in understanding energy reconstruction techniques in the ProtoDUNE experiment, paving the way for more accurate neutrino interaction measurements.
Speaker: Linhui Gu (Lancaster University) -
87
Empowering the next generation of neutrino experiments through measurements at the Water Cherenkov Test Experiment
The current and next generation of long-baseline neutrino experiments are bringing about the era of precision neutrino oscillation measurements. New detectors, technologies and analysis techniques are being developed to meet the challenges posed by these precision measurements. Water Cherenkov neutrino experiments have played a crucial role in neutrino discoveries over the years, providing a well-established and affordable way to instrument large target masses, and the future water-based detectors of Hyper-Kamiokande, ESSnuSB and THEIA are expected to observe unprecedented rates of neutrino interactions. A corresponding suppression of backgrounds and systematic uncertainties to the 1% level is required to achieve the goals of these experiments.
The Water Cherenkov Test Experiment (WCTE) is a 50-ton water Cherenkov detector that is scheduled to take data in 2024. The WCTE detector will receive tagged 200 MeV to 1 GeV electrons, muons, charged pions and protons from the CERN East Area T9 beam, as well as observing secondary neutrons and operating in a dedicated tagged photon setup. WCTE will be used to study the water Cherenkov detector response using new photosensor technologies, instrumented with multi-PMT modules each containing 19 3-inch PMTs. This provides a unique opportunity for new technologies and techniques to be demonstrated with known particle fluxes, towards reaching 1% level systematic uncertainties for GeV scale neutrino interactions. Advances in calibration, event reconstruction and analysis will be used in measurements including Cherenkov light production, lepton and pion scattering and secondary neutron production, which will also provide direct inputs to existing and future water Chernkov experiments.
This poster will provide an overview of the physics goals of WCTE, the novel analyses that will be used and demonstrated by each of these measurements, and how they will facilitate the goals of next generation neutrino experiments.
Speaker: Nick Prouse (Imperial College London) -
88
Energy Dependence of Angular-Driven Flavor Instabilities in Dense Astrophysical Environments
In core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers, the neutrino density is so large that neutrino-neutrino refraction can lead to collective flavor conversions independent of vacuum mixing. These are called fast flavor conversions since the neutrino self-interaction strength $\mu$ represents the characteristic time scale of the system. In the limit of vanishing vacuum mixing, one necessary condition for these conversions is the existence of a zero-crossing in the momentum angular distribution of neutrino FLN (Flavor Lepton Number). However, it has been empirically realized that the vacuum frequency $\omega$ can significantly affect the onset of flavor conversion even if $\mu \gg \omega$. In this work, we study more deeply the impact of $\omega$ on angular-driven flavor instabilities. Focusing on a homogeneous and axially symmetric neutrino gas, we show that a non-zero vacuum frequency is responsible for inducing flavor instabilities with a non-negligible growth rate in a neutrino gas that would be stable for $\omega=0$, despite the presence of a FLN angular zero-crossing. Relying on a perturbative approach, we establish a connection between odd powers of $\omega$ and the neutrino FPN (Flavor Particle Number) angular distribution, showing that flavor conversion dynamics under $\omega \neq 0$ are influenced by both FLN and FPN. We also explore the possibility of mapping the system with $\omega\neq0$ to an effective one with $\omega=0$.
Speaker: Pedro Dedin Neto (University of Campinas, Niels Bohr Institute) -
89
Enhanced classification and reconstruction of single-line events in the ANTARES neutrino telescope using deep neural networks endowed with Transfer Learning
The ANTARES neutrino telescope stopped gathering data in February 2022,
after nearly 16 years of operation. The detector consisted of 12 vertical lines forming a 3D array of photo-sensors, which instrumented about 10 megatons of Mediterranean seawater. We present a method using Deep Learning that improves the direction reconstruction of single-line events, for which the reconstruction of the azimuth angle of the incoming neutrino is particularly difficult. We are able to improve by a factor of two the resolution of the zenithal angle with respect to previous standard reconstruction techniques, and we give a first estimation of the azimuthal angle, which was previously missing.We complete this direction reconstruction with an event classifier and an energy estimator for single-line events, developed using novel combinations of different machine learning techniques. To estimate the energy of the neutrino candidate, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to the activations of pre-trained direction neural networks. These new components are used as inputs for a new network. The event classifier is trained applying Transfer Learning, since the first layers are the convolutional part of the direction networks. This implementation has shown better results than training from scratch. We are able to differentiate neutrinos inducing a muon (with a long track) from that inducing a cascade shower with an overall accuracy of around 80% and a precision of 84% for tracks and 77% for showers.
The improvements are highly relevant for low-energy neutrino studies. Point source multimessenger searches have been tested using these new techniques, allowing to extend the sensitivities to low neutrino energies. They are also being applied to a dark matter search towards the direction of the Sun, where a better sensitivitity compared to published analyses is expected for WIMP candidates with mass below 150 GeV.
Speaker: Juan García Méndez (Universitat Politècnica de València) -
90
Enhanced Event Reconstruction at Hyper-Kamiokande and WCTE using Graph Neural Networks
The precise measurement of neutrino properties is a top priority in fundamental particle physics. Accelerator-based neutrino experiments provide a unique framework for such studies, offering oscillation measurements and insights into CP violation in the leptonic sector. The next-generations experiments aim to establish mass ordering and possibly discover charge-parity violation with 5σ significance, as well as measure the CP-parameterizing phase (δCP) with unprecedented precision.
The successor to Super-Kamiokande (SK), Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), is a next-generation Water Cherenkov detector with an eightfold increase in target volume, enhanced photodetector capacity, and precise calibration devices. To fully leverage HK's capabilities, we need to develop reliable and precise analysis tools. In this effort, the Water Cherenkov Test Experiment (WCTE) has been specifically designed to provide accurate measurements that help understand detector responses and test the performance of event-reconstruction algorithms.
This poster introduces GRANT, a graph neural network-based software for particle reconstruction in Hyper-Kamiokande. We first discuss its adaptation for WCTE, emphasizing the upcoming data-taking phase in autumn as an opportunity to validate our algorithm under real conditions. We will then present the initial and promising results, demonstrating GRANT’s potential to enhance HK's physics capabilities in the CP violation discovery range at the GeV scale.Speakers: Anna Ershova (École polytechnique), Christine Quach (LLR) -
91
Enhancing CUORE Data Quality with Denoising Techniques
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) experiment, located at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy, is an ongoing search for neutrinoless double beta decay. Previous work has shown that the quality of CUORE data can be enhanced through noise decorrelation algorithms utilizing auxiliary devices such as microphones, accelerometers, and seismometers. Here, I will showcase the application of these algorithms in improving CUORE's data quality, including enhancing detector baseline resolution, thus enabling lower thresholds and improved coincidence tagging. Additionally, I will outline the anticipated benefits of noise decorrelation on ongoing and future CUORE datasets, leveraging an expanded array of auxiliary devices including antennas and additional accelerometers.
Speaker: Kenneth Vetter -
92
Enhancing Equity, Diversity, and and Inclusion in Physics: Perspectives from SNOLAB
Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) are important to drive innovation in many different fields, including particle physics. Underground labs are working on many different fronts to improve EDI in their host countries and within particle physics collaborations. Laboratories can institute policies to protect their staff and make improvements to their facilities to increase accessibility. Laboratories can encourage the scientific collaborations they host to have policies and plans for increasing EDI. SNOLAB is supporting employees and user-bases in different ways. Some examples are targeted outreach, consultation with experimental collaborations on their own policies, EDI training, and Indigenous cultural recognition. These efforts are intended to enhance the equity and inclusion of their communities.
Speaker: Erica Caden (SNOLAB) -
93
Enhancing Events in Neutrino Telescopes through Deep Learning-Driven Super-Resolution
Recent discoveries made by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory relied extensively on machine learning tools to infer physical quantities from the raw photon hits detected. Reconstruction algorithms are limited by the sparse sampling of photons by the optical modules due to the relatively large spacing (10 − 100 m) between them in the detector. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for enhancing the amount of information available to any reconstruction algorithm through the use of deep learning-driven super-resolution of data events. Our strategy embeds additional “virtual” optical modules within the existing physical detector geometry and
trains a convolutional neural network to predict the hits on these virtual optical modules. We show that this technique improves the angular reconstruction of low-energy track and cascade events in a generic ice-based neutrino telescope, though our results readily extend to water-based neutrino telescopes.Speaker: Felix Yu (Harvard University) -
94
Enhancing the LAr VUV Light Collectors of the DUNE Photon Detection System and of low background LAr based experiments.
The Photon Detection System (PDS) of the first two DUNE far detectors, FD1 and FD2, is
composed of large area photon detection units named X-Arapuca; they embed large area PMMA based wavelength shifting lightguides and dichroic filters custom developed and produced for the LAr environment.
The PDS will complement and boost the calorimetry of the LArTPC, enable the detection of non beam events such as supernova neutrino bursts, and improve the vertex reconstruction of the beam.
The X-Arapuca is a photon trap with two down-shifting stages, driving photons to SiPMs where they are eventually collected. It is an assembly of several components, whose grade and coupling determines its Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE), and consequently the PDS sensitivity of the DUNE physics reach.
An experimental study is presented showing how specific changes to the baseline components of both the FD1 and the FD2 X-Arapuca enhances its PDE, hence the DUNE PDS sensitivity. The impact of each of the X-Arapuca main components is quantified.
New characterization at cryogenic temperatures of the absorbance, photo-luminescence and light emission time profile of the VUV sensitive fluors (pTP, BBT) will be presented: they are at the basis of the LAr Photon Detection Systems for DUNE and can be employed in low background LAr experiments.
The features and the radiocontaminant budget of the large area PMMA based down-shifting lightguides are presented and discussed. These lightguides can be directly coated with VUV sensitive fluors employing dip-coating and wire bar coating techniques.
These technologies are also relevant for the DUNE FD3 and low background experiments, such as LEGEND-1000, where WLS lightguides of similar shape and size are being considered.Speaker: Claudia Brizzolari (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
95
EOS: a demonstrator of hybrid optical neutrino detector technology
Hybrid neutrino detectors utilize both Cherenkov and scintillation light, combining the lower energy threshold of pure scintillators with the enhanced direction resolution of water. These detectors offer improved performance capabilities for fundamental physics goals as well as applications such as nuclear nonproliferation. Benchtop-scale experiments have shown success in Cherenkov/scintillation separation. A tons-scale test is needed to extrapolate the performance to future large hybrid detectors like Theia, with a fiducial volume of tens of kT. Eos is a 20-ton detector with an approximately 4-ton fiducial volume under construction at UC Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Featuring fast photomultiplier tubes (900 ps transit time spread), a novel water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) target, and a first large-scale test of spectral sorting, Eos will be a test-bed for emerging technologies. Eos will deploy calibration sources to verify the optical models of WbLS and other liquid scintillators with slow light emission, and to support development of advanced techniques for reconstructing event energy, position, and direction in hybrid detectors. This will prove vital when extrapolating to the kT-scale. After achieving these goals, Eos can be moved near a nuclear reactor or into a particle test-beam to demonstrate neutrino event reconstruction or detailed event characterization with these novel detection technologies.
Speaker: Leon Pickard (UC Berkeley) -
96
Evaluating the Effects of Detector Modeling Uncertainties on Sterile Neutrino Oscillation Sensitivities with the ICARUS Detector
The ICARUS T600 LArTPC detector was refurbished after an initial run at
the underground LNGS labs and is currently taking data within its experimental hall at Fermilab after full commissioning. Regular data taking began in May 2021 with neutrinos from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) off-axis beam. As the far detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program, the ICARUS detector’s capability in searching for both muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance will allow for unprecedented sensitivity to light sterile neutrinos with eV-scale mass. The ultimate sensitivity of the detector to sterile neutrino oscillations depends on the understanding of the detector response and the uncertainties remaining after calibrating the detector model. This poster will review how detector-model-related uncertainties are quantified, evaluated and their impact on expected sterile neutrino oscillation sensitivities using the existing ICARUS data. The work pursued here is broadly applicable to other ICARUS analysis pathways such as neutrino-argon cross-sections and Beyond the Standard Model physics searches. It will finally discuss improvement pathways to reduce the systematic uncertainties to the level needed for the joint sterile neutrino oscillation analysis with the Short Baseline Near Detector (SBND) within the SBN Program.Speaker: Jacob Zettlemoyer (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory) -
97
Expanding DUNE’s Machine Learning Framework with Multi-Detector Input for the 2x2 Demonstrator
DUNE’s Near Detector utilizes new technological advancements for Liquid Argon (LAr) Time Project Chambers (TPC), including a modular design and pixel plane charge readout as opposed to the usual wire plane readouts. The full detector will be composed by 5x7 modules, but a demonstrator prototype with 2x2 modules is currently assembled and will take DUNE’s first neutrino beam data at Fermilab. A machine learning framework using convolutional and graph neural networks has been developed to reconstruct and identify particle footprints across the LAr modules. The demonstrator’s 2x2 LAr modules expect minimal containment of the particle tracks at its placement near the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam source. Thus, some planes from the solid scintillator detector MINERvA have been repurposed to capture muon tracks upstream and downstream of the LAr 2x2 modules. This poster outlines DUNE’s current machine learning framework to reconstruct LAr TPC events and the potential to integrate data from a different detector medium to improve classification of particle clusters.
Speaker: Jessie Micallef (Institute for AI and Fundamental Interactions) -
98
Expanding the Neutron Program for DUNE
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a long-baseline, neutrino oscillation experiment designed to measure Charge Parity Violation in the neutrino sector using liquid argon as the primary detector medium. DUNE's main physics program is centered around measuring the flavor profile of beams in neutrino and anti-neutrino modes, as a function of energy, both at the near and the far detector, and will rely on accurate event reconstruction to do so. Understanding the detector response to neutrons will be critical for performing neutrino oscillation analyses in DUNE because they can elude detection resulting in missing energy. In addition to the primary neutrons produced in neutrino interactions, subsequent interactions of any charged hadrons produced can result in secondary neutrons. ProtoDUNE Single-Phase sits in a testbeam and is a 770-ton prototype of the DUNE far detector designed to validate technology and measure charged hadron cross sections at the relevant energies for DUNE; therefore, it is ideal for studying the secondary neutron component.
This talk presents the status of a neutron analysis using ProtoDUNE 1GeV/c pion data and prospects for two dedicated neutron-Argon total and capture cross section measurement experiments, namely, ARTIE-II at Los Alamos National Lab with sensitivity between 20-200 keV and the MArEx initiative at CERN aimed at measuring neutron cross sections up to a few tens of MeV.Speaker: David Rivera -
99
Experimental proof of principle of the Neutrino Tagging technique at NA62
Neutrino tagging is a new experimental method for accelerator based neutrino experiments. The method consists in associating a neutrino interaction with the meson decay (e.g. $\pi^\pm\to\mu^\pm \nu_\mu$ or $K^\pm\to\mu^\pm \nu_\mu$) in which the neutrino was originally produced. The properties of the neutrino can then be estimated kinematically from the decay incoming and outgoing charged particles. The reconstruction of these particles relies on the recent progress and developments in silicon particle detector technology. The method is particularly suited to study neutrino interactions at short baseline experiments, and preliminary works indicate that they could also be used to study neutrino oscillations at long baseline experiments.
A proof-of-principle of this method has been performed using the NA62 experiment as a miniature tagged neutrino experiment. Indeed, the intense Kaon beam of NA62 abundantly produces neutrinos through the $K^+\to\mu^+ \nu_\mu$ decay. The two spectrometers of the experiment are used to reconstruct the $K^+$ and $\mu^+$ and the neutrino interaction is detected in the 20 ton of liquid krypton of the electro-magnetic calorimeter. The results of the analysis based on the data collected in 2022 are presented, where few tagged neutrino candidates have been detected for the first time in history.Speaker: Lucie Petit (IN2P3) -
100
Exploring eV-Scale Sterile Neutrinos: Insights from the KATRIN Experiment
Sterile neutrinos, postulated as neutral leptons with no standard weak interactions, can be searched for through their mixing with active neutrinos in kinematic neutrino-mass experiments. The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment carries out precision tritium $\beta$-decay spectroscopy close to the kinematic endpoint. While the primary goal is the neutrino-mass measurement with a target sensitivity of 0.3 eV/$c^2$ (90% C.L.), we use KATRIN's data to search for light sterile neutrinos in a parameter range complementary to short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.
This poster presents the analysis of the five KATRIN science runs, highlighting the experiment’s unique sensitivity to a fourth mass eigenstate $m_{4}$ up to 40 eV and active-to-sterile mixing amplitude of $|U_{e4}|^2 \leq 0.5 $. Ongoing enhancements in statistics, background reduction and systematic uncertainty control expand coverage over relevant short-baseline oscillation anomaly regions.
Speaker: Shailaja Mohanty (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) -
101
Exploring new physics at ESSnuSB+
ESSnuSB is a next-to-next generation long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment which aims to the precise measurement of the CP-violation in the leptonic sector studying neutrino oscillation at the second atmospheric maximum. The unique features of this experiment provide a great environment where to search for tiny new physics effects in neutrino oscillation beyond the three neutrino framework. Several scenarios have been recently studied in the ESSnuSB context. Among them, we show in this poster the ESSnuSB capabilities to explore the new physics parameters space in presence of scalar Non-Standard Interactions (sNSI) between neutrinos and ordinary matter. In addition to long-baseline physics, the ESSnuSB+ project proposes to explore neutrinos at short baseline using different Near Detectors. In this poster we also discuss the performances of these detectors in constraining sterile neutrino parameters employing neutrinos coming from two different beams: a low energy monitored beam (LEMNB) produced by pion decays and a low energy beam produced by muons circulating in a muon storage ring (LEnuSTORM).
Speaker: Alessio Giarnetti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
102
Exploring position reconstruction of HPGe detector events in LEGEND with a deep neural network
LEGEND1000 is a ton scale experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{76}$Ge. The experiment uses High Purity Germanium (HPGe) crystals, which, enriched by $^{76}$Ge, serve as source and detector simultaneously. The discovery potential of LEGEND1000 lies at half-lives greater than $10^{28}$ years.
Due to the complexity of the data produced by this experiment, it becomes more and more attractive to analyze data with machine learning, as machine learning features can extract more information from data than classical analysis methods can. As an example, large germanium detectors, as the ones manufactured for LEGEND, exhibit a pulse shape dependence on the positions of the energy depositions. A reconstruction of these positions with classical methods is very limited. Therefore, a machine-learning-based approach is investigated, which analyzes the features of varying waveforms to create a position reconstruction algorithm.
The application of position reconstruction can provide an additional method for background reduction and has the potential to spot local impurities in the germanium crystal. The use of machine learning for position reconstruction additionally explores the possibilities of this technique in experimental physics.
This poster presents the current progress on a preliminary neural network to reconstruct Ge-detector event positions, which is trained and tested with simulated pulses. An optimized neural network may in future be applied to real data.This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and
LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German
DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW;
the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian
RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF
facilities.Speaker: Mr Christoph Seibt (Technical University Dresden) -
103
Exploring the impact of the Mediterranean Sea activity on the performance of CUORE mK-calorimetric experiment
CUORE is a ton-scale experiment designed for the search of the neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay of $^{130}$Te. Hosted in Italy at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), CUORE consists in an array of 988 cryogenic calorimeters operated below $\simeq$15 mK.
Experiments working at the millikelvin-scale are usually characterized by very good energy resolution. However, they have to handle and suppress many sources of noise, including electronic, vibrational and seismic noise.
The activity of seas and oceans is an additional, not yet extensively studied, source of noise, inducing microseismic waves in the sub-Hz domain.This contribution will report a novel multi-detector analysis based on data from Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring System (CMEMS), from high-sensitivity seismometers at LNGS, and from CUORE calorimeters.
We assess a strong correlation between variations in the Mediterranean Sea activity, in the microseismic noise at LNGS, and in the performance of all CUORE calorimeters. This correlation emphasizes the impact of microseismic noise generated by the Mediterranean Sea activity on the energy resolution of CUORE.Since the energy resolution is a crucial parameter in defining the experimental sensitivity to $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay, the mitigation of such low-frequency environmental noise can benefit both CUORE and CUPID, the next-generation experiment for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay searches with mK-calorimeters.
This analysis opens the possibility to improve noise-reduction algorithms, as well as to upgrade the seismic insulation system of the CUORE cryostat, which will also host the CUPID experiment.Speaker: Simone Quitadamo (Gran Sasso Science Institute) -
104
Extending the IceCube Search for Astrophysical Neutrino Sources in the Northern Sky to 13 years of Data
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a one-cubic-kilometer-sized neutrino telescope deployed in the deep Antarctic ice at the South Pole. One of IceCube’s major goals is finding the origin of astrophysical high-energy neutrinos. In 2022, IceCube published the results of a search for astrophysical point-like sources of neutrinos in the Northern Sky using 9 years of events produced by charged-current muon-neutrino interactions. These events provide good pointing precision, making the sample optimal for point-source searches. This analysis identified the active galaxy NGC1068 as a candidate source of astrophysical neutrinos with a global significance of 4.2$~\sigma$. NGC1068 is classified as a Seyfert galaxy, and it is especially bright in the X-ray emission band. This result contributed to raise the interest in this particular class of active galaxies as a potential population of neutrino emitters. In this poster, we present the extension of the previous analysis using 13 years of data and, given the particular nature of NGC1068, we also perform a search for neutrino emission focusing on X-ray bright Seyfert Galaxies.
Speaker: Elena Manao (Technical University Munich) -
105
Faithful Pulse Shape Analysis by using Feature Importance Supervision
The search for neutrinoless double beta decay is crucial to shed light on neutrino properties and broader cosmological questions. Experiments utilizing the isotope 76Ge have been essential in advancing the sensitivity to neutrinolsess double beta decay. The LEGEND project uses High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors and minimize background interference through the application of Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) significantly. To further refine this process, we tested the adoption of a Neural Network enhanced by Feature Importance Supervision (FIS) adjusted for PSA in HPGe detectors. This approach integrates expert knowledge on waveform characteristics, enabling the model to tag signal from background noise without energy dependence. It has demonstrated considerable success in differentiating between the multi-site gamma radiation that forms
background noise and the single-site signals indicative of neutrinoless double beta decay. In this poster, I will present the current status of the approach under development.This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilities.
Speaker: Katharina Sophie Kilgus -
106
First combined analysis of Transverse Kinematic Imbalance data with and without pion production constraints
As more measurements on various event topologies of neutrino-nucleus interactions become available, Monte Carlo (MC) prediction from neutrino event generators, such as GENIE, shows considerable deviation from some data sets while matching others relatively well. In this work, we present the first global analysis, enabled by the GENIE global analysis framework, of four Transverse Kinematic Imbalance (TKI) measurements on carbon targets with and without pion production, namely $\nu_\mu CC0\pi Np$ and $\nu_\mu CC1\pi^+ Np$ from T2K and $\nu_{\mu}CC0\pi Np$ and $\nu_\mu CC M\pi^0 Np$ from MINERvA, where $M,N\geq1$. In both T2K and MINERvA data releases, the authors benchmarked their data against GENIE predictions, except for MINERvA’s $\pi^0$, in which a GENIE comparison is absent. In the reported benchmarking, GENIE predictions agree relatively well with T2K’s $\nu_\mu CC0\pi Np$ and $\nu_\mu CC1\pi^+ Np$ as well as MINERvA’s $\nu_\mu CC0\pi Np$ measurements. We use the GENIE global analysis framework with the latest GENIE tune, G24_20i_00_000. The prediction describes the first three measurements considerably well, but it overpredicts MINERvA’s $\pi^0$. As the TKI variables are excellent probes for nuclear initial states and final state interactions (FSI), we performed a tuning on the reliable Local Fermi Gas (LFG) nuclear model and the hA INTRANUKE FSI model using GENIE Comparisons interfaced with PROFESSOR. The tuning exercise serves as a proof-of-concept practice of using TKI data with and without pion production to constrain model parameters, and the result is stored in a new GENIE tune, G24_20i_06_22c. It gives significantly better prediction for the single $\pi^0$ production sample while keeping the same level of data-MC agreement for $0\pi$ and $1\pi^+$ datasets. This is accomplished mainly by suppressing $\pi^0$ mean free path and the pion charge exchange in FSI. The success of this tuning bolsters the viability of our method and highlights a workable path towards continual model tuning.
Speaker: Julia Tena Vidal (Tel Aviv University) -
107
First joint analysis of Super-Kamiokande atmospheric and T2K accelerator neutrino data
This poster presents new results from the first joint oscillation analysis of atmospheric neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) and accelerator neutrinos at Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K). Leveraging Super-K atmospheric neutrinos, which are sensitive to mass ordering, and T2K accelerator neutrinos, which are sensitive to the CP violation phase, the joint analysis is able to improve sensitivity by resolving degeneracies between these parameters. This poster presents frequentist and Bayesian results for the neutrino mass ordering, CP violation phase, as well as other mixing parameters. For the test of CP-conservation, a dedicated p-value is introduced with improved statistical properties compared to what can be obtained using confidence intervals on the CP-violation phase. An analysis of the statistical consistency between Super-K and T2K is performed under the common systematic uncertainty model which incorporates correlations between the two experiments. The potential of future joint fits is finally studied using the expected sensitivities on oscillation parameters.
Speakers: Lukas Berns, Zhenxiong Xie (King's College London) -
108
First measurement of light sterile neutrino mixing parameters with KM3NeT/ORCA
KM3NeT/ORCA is a water Cherenkov neutrino telescope under construction in the Mediterranean sea. With ORCA, the KM3NeT collaboration will measure atmospheric neutrino oscillations to determine the neutrino mass ordering and constrain the oscillation parameters $Δm_{31}^2$ and $θ_{23}$. In addition, Beyond the Standard Model hypotheses can be tested. In this contribution, the sensitivity of ORCA to the presence of a light sterile neutrino in a 3+1 model is presented, as well as the first measurements of the active-sterile mixing parameters. Using 433 kton-yr of data-taking with a partial configuration of only 5% of the final detector, ORCA is able to constrain the active-sterile mixing angles $θ_{24}$ and $θ_{34}$. Two sets of scenarios are explored. First, $θ_{24}$ and $θ_{34}$ are simultaneously constrained under the assumption of an eV-mass sterile neutrino, which is one possible explanation to the anomaly seen in short baseline neutrino experiments. Then, each mixing angle is individually constrained over a broad range of mass squared difference $∆m_{41}^2$~[10⁻⁴,10] eV² to probe the hypothesis of a very light sterile neutrino.
Speaker: Louis Bailly-Salins (LPC Caen (CNRS/IN2P3)) -
109
First measurement of the yield of $^8$He isotopes produced in liquid scintillator by cosmic-ray muons at Daya Bay
This poster presents the first measurement of cosmogenic $^8$He isotope production in liquid scintillator at Daya Bay, using an innovative method for identifying cascade decays of $^8$He and its child isotope, $^8$Li. We also measure the production yield of $^9$Li isotopes using two independent methods. The results, in units of $10^{-8}\mu^{-1}\rm g^{-1}cm^{2}$, are 0.307$\pm$0.042, 0.341$\pm$0.040, and 0.546$\pm$0.076 for $^8$He, and 6.73$\pm$0.73, 6.75$\pm$0.70, and 13.74$\pm$0.82 for $^9$Li at average muon energies of 63.9 GeV, 64.7 GeV, and 143.0 GeV, respectively. These results supersede previous attempts to determine the ratio of $^8$He to $^9$Li production, which yielded a wide range of limits from 0 to 30%. They also provide future liquid scintillator-based experiments with improved ability to predict cosmogenic backgrounds.
Speaker: Chengzhuo Yuan (Institute of high energy physics, China) -
110
First results from the background model of the LEGEND-200 experiment
LEGEND-200 is an experiment designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{76}$Ge at LNGS in Italy. The sensitivity of $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments is strongly affected by the background level. LEGEND-200 aims to reach a background index of $2\times 10^{-4}$ counts/keV/kg/yr at $Q_{\beta\beta}$. With an exposure of 1 tonne-yr this would lead to a half-life sensitivity of more than $10^{27}$ yrs. In this poster, we present a detailed model of the background sources in the LEGEND-200 experiment by fitting the experimental data over a wide spectral range to a sum of Monte-Carlo simulations. This work informs future hardware upgrades of LEGEND-200, the design of LEGEND-1000 and enables a series of beyond Standard Model physics searches.
This work is supported by: U.S. DOE, NSF, LANL, ORNL, LBNL LDRD programs; European ERC, Horizon programs; German MPG, BMBF, DFG; Italian INFN; Polish NCN, MNiSW; Czech MEYS; Slovak SRDA; Swiss SNF; UK STFC; Russian RFBR; Canadian NSERC, CFI; LNGS, SNOLAB and SURF facilities.
Speaker: Toby Dixon (University College London) -
111
Fitting T2K Near Detector Data using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo
The Tokai to Kamioka (T2K) experiment is a long baseline neutrino experiment in Japan which aims to measure neutrino oscillation parameters with world leading precision. One of the most profound and challenging tasks facing T2K is determining whether or not CP symmetry is violated in the lepton sector.
In order to perform these measurements, we require excellent constraints on systematic uncertainties relating to the initially unoscillated neutrino beam, as well as on neutrino nucleus interactions that occur in the detector media. Data collected at T2K's near detector (ND280) is used to greatly improve these constraints by fitting parameters of a highly sophisticated model.
There have been many upgrades to this analysis recently. These include an overhaul of the modelling of detector systematic uncertainties, moving towards a more easily interpretable approach which uses fewer simplifying assumptions. In order to better constrain this new model, new analysis samples have also been introduced with better angular acceptance.
These improvements will be summarised in this poster, and fit results of this model to ND280 data using a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach will be shown.
Speaker: Ewan Miller -
112
Floor of cosmogenic neutrino fluxes above $10^{17}~$eV
The search for neutrinos with energies greater than $10^{17}~$eV is being actively pursued. Although normalization of the dominant neutrino flux is highly uncertain, a floor level is guaranteed by the interactions of extragalactic cosmic rays with Milky Way gas. We estimate that this floor level gives an energy flux of $E^2\phi_\nu\simeq 10^{-13^{+0.5}_{-0.5}}~$GeV~cm$^{-2}$~sr$^{-1}$~s$^{-1}$ at $10^{18}~$eV, where uncertainties arise from the modeling of the gas distribution and the experimental determination of the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays on Earth. Based on a minimal model of cosmic-ray production to explain the mass-discriminated energy spectra observed on Earth above $5{\times}10^{18}$~eV, we also present generic estimates of the neutrino fluxes expected from extragalactic production that generally exceed the aforementioned guaranteed floor. The prospects for detecting neutrinos above $10^{18}$~eV remain however challenging, unless proton acceleration to the highest energies is at play in a sub-dominant population of cosmic-ray sources or new physical phenomena are at work.
Speaker: Dr Antonio Condorelli (Universita' Federico II) -
113
From double to single beta decays – the search for the isomeric decay of 180mTa in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR
In 2021, the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment concluded its investigation into neutrinoless double beta decay involving $^{76}$Ge. Proven to be one of the world's ultra-low-background facilities, we adapted the apparatus to explore the rare decay of a distinct isotope. Notably, in nature $^{180m}$Ta stands as the sole known isotope existing in an isomeric state rather than the ground state. This unobserved isomeric decay is hindered by spin suppression. However, measuring its rate will provide insight into the strength of its production, for example, through neutrino-induced reactions. Beyond understanding the underlying mechanisms of the decay this exceptional state, a measurement of the decay rate holds potential of probing dark matter through stimulated decay as an complimentary effort. To this end, we introduced Ta samples amidst the Ge detectors, capitalizing on the deep-underground ultra-low background environment, the exceptional energy resolution of the MAJORANA detectors, and established analytical methodologies to search for both, the nuclear decay and potential dark matter-induced emissions. The first year of data was dominated by backgrounds from surface activation of the Ta-samples yet still was able to set world-leading limits. I plan to present the findings from our latest data collection and discuss their implications for the dark sector.
This material is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, the Particle Astrophysics and Nuclear Physics Programs of the National Science Foundation, and the Sanford Underground Research Facility. We acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the LANL/LDRD Program.
Speaker: Ralph Massarczyk (Los Alamos National Laboratory) -
114
GNNs applications in KM3NeT/ARCA
The KM3NeT next generation deep-sea neutrino telescopes are currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. Two water-Cherenkov neutrino detectors, ARCA and ORCA, are located in two different sites, south-est of Portopalo di Capopassero (Italy) and close to Toulon (France), respectively. The KM3NeT/ARCA telescope, a cubic kilometer volume detector, is optimised for the detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in the TeV-PeV range. Once completed, the detector will consist of 230 Detection Units, each housing 18 Optical Modules. In order to search for neutrino signals, a high background rejection power is needed and deep learning techniques provide promising methods for achieving this result. The flexibility of the so-called Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) suits perfectly the topology of a complex detector such as KM3NeT.
This contribution will be focused on two interesting applications of GNNs: discrimination of signal events from the background, mainly composed of atmospheric induced events, and energy and direction event reconstruction.Speakers: Alessandro Veutro (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Maria Rosaria Musone (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
115
GUNDAM: a pioneering universal tool for long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
Long baseline neutrino experiments are moving toward precision measurements of the oscillation parameters; namely the CP violation phase, the mass ordering or the octant of $\theta_{23}$. This means systematic uncertainties must be reduced to few percent level, especially those related to neutrino interactions. This is usually done by using near detector data to constrain theoretical models. As a result, statistical analyses for neutrino interaction model tuning and neutrino cross-section measurements now involve near a thousand nuisance parameters with increasingly more complex functions for propagating systematic errors. In addition, combined experiment analyses carried out recently have revealed the crucial need for developing common software tools for achieving the next world leading measurements of oscillation parameters. In the context of the upgrade of the near detectors of T2K, we designed a pioneering open-source tool called GUNDAM, standing for Generalized and Unified Neutrino Data Analysis Methods. Its ambition is to provide a universal software suite for performing any statistical analysis. Its unique structure allows physicists to compose their own analysis without editing the source code i.e., only using a set of configuration files and inputs. The T2K collaboration is now using GUNDAM as its main frequentist fitter for performing model tuning and cross-section analyses at the near detector. This poster presents the main features and design of GUNDAM, as well as its most recent achievements with T2K data. Upcoming functionalities will be advertised, such as Bayesian MCMC engine or the perspective of performing a full oscillation analysis, using simultaneously the near and the far detector data.
Speaker: Adrien Blanchet (University of Geneva) -
116
Identifying astrophysical tau neutrinos with hDOM waveforms in TRIDENT
Following the exciting discovery of astrophysical neutrinos and subsequent studies of their origins by IceCube, future improved all-flavor neutrino detection would allow for a strong probe into the abundant physics lying within these astrophysical sources. The main challenge in flavor identification is to break the degeneracy among cascade events and separate out the interactions due to tau neutrinos. In 2020, two tau neutrino candidates observed by IceCube demonstrated the great potential using waveforms to do particle identification in neutrinio telescopes. TRIDENT is a next-generation water-based neutrino telescope, incorporating Hybrid Digital Optical Modules (hDOM) with multi-channel PMTs and SiPMs. This system expects to enhance the sensitivity to tau neutrinos by providing larger photon coverage and independent waveform readout, fully leveraging the low optical scattering in seawater. Here, we present the latest progress of tau classification in TRIDENT using waveform techniques.
Speaker: Wei Tian (Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) -
117
Identifying Neutrino Final States and Energies in MicroBooNE with New Deep-Learning Based LArTPC Reconstruction Frameworks
MicroBooNE, a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) located in the $\nu_{\mu}$-dominated Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermilab, has been studying $\nu_{e}$ charged-current (CC) interaction rates to shed light on the MiniBooNE low energy excess. The LArTPC technology employed by MicroBooNE provides the capability to image neutrino interactions with mm-scale precision. Computer vision and other machine learning techniques are promising tools for image processing that could boost efficiencies for selecting $\nu_{e}$-CC and other rare signals, reduce cosmic and beam-induced backgrounds, and improve the reconstruction of neutrino energies. The MicroBooNE experiment has been at the forefront of developing and testing such techniques for use in physics analyses. In this poster we overview deep-learning based reconstruction methods. We will showcase the use of a recurrent neural network to estimate neutrino energies and present a new reconstruction framework that uses convolutional neural networks to locate neutrino interaction vertices, tag pixels with track and shower labels, and perform particle identification on reconstructed clusters. We will present studies characterizing the performance of these new tools and demonstrate their effectiveness through their use in an inclusive $\nu_{e}$-CC event selection.
Speaker: Matthew Rosenberg (Tufts University) -
118
Improved prediction of the T2K neutrino beam flux by estimation of hadronic secondary interactions in the cooling water of magnetic horns using measurement-based material modeling
The reliable estimation of accelerator neutrino beam fluxes is important for precise neutrino oscillation measurements in searching for CP violation in the leptonic sector. In long-baseline neutrino experiments, the neutrino flux uncertainties contribute significantly to uncertainties in neutrino oscillation parameters. Hadron production is the largest component of the flux uncertainty, so secondary interactions with materials in the beamline should be considered for better precision. One of the main components of the flux uncertainty from material modeling in the beamline is the interactions of hadrons with the cooling water inside the magnetic horns, which contributes a ~3% uncertainty. The secondary interaction between the cooling water and the neutrino's parent particle is responsible for this, but the effect was not well known. The cooling water is sprayed directly from the outer conductor of the magnetic horn toward the inner conductor, so the water distribution is constantly varying. To estimate the water distribution in more detail compared to the previous estimation, a horn mock-up was made and the water thickness was measured by modeling the cooling water distribution using image analysis. This analysis improved the flux uncertainty around the flux peak (600MeV) by more than 1% compared to the previous error estimation. The results are incorporated into neutrino beam simulations to estimate systematic uncertainties in the flux, and it is expected to improve the precision of the T2K neutrino oscillation analysis. The study will also be useful for HK and other future experiments. In this poster, an analysis development method to estimate the water distribution with image analysis and an improved T2K flux precision with the result are described.
Speaker: Sakiko Nishimori (KEK IPNS) -
119
Improving Background Suppression in LEGEND with the Novel Scintillating Material, PEN
Identification of background radiation is of utmost importance for enabling rare event experiments. The Neutrinoless double beta decay experiment LEGEND, utilizes background suppression to reach sensitivities of $T_{1/2}>10^{28}$yrs with the isotope $^{76}$Ge. Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) has emerged as a highly promising material for LEGEND due to its intrinsic scintillating properties and its structural behavior at both room and cryogenic temperatures.
PEN has been successfully implemented in the LEGEND-200 experiment as both an active material and a structural component within the detector assembly. Looking towards the next-generation experiment, LEGEND-1000 will further reduce background radiation to <10$^{-5}$ cts/(keV kg yr). To achieve this goal, we are looking to produce custom PEN-G and expand potential applications to further improve background radiation identification. In this presentation, we will present the optical properties and radiopurity of custom synthesized PEN, and potential impact on applications in LEGEND-200 and LEGEND-1000.
This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilitiesSpeaker: Dr Brennan Hackett (Max Planck Institute for Physics) -
120
Improving NOvA's Sterile Neutrino Search with the Booster Neutrino Beam
The NOvA experiment’s most recent search for eV-scale sterile neutrinos is systematically limited in the region of parameter space where $\Delta m^2_{41} \gtrsim 1~\mathrm{eV}^2$. This region of parameter space is preferred by sterile neutrino interpretations of current experimental anomalies; improving sensitivity here is high-priority. When added directly into the fit, additional data samples which are subject to orthogonal systematic uncertainties act as in-situ constraints, breaking the degeneracy between systematic uncertainties and sterile-induced oscillations. The NOvA experiment consists of two functionally identical detectors, 14.6 mrad off-axis of the NuMI beam, with the Near Detector (Far Detector) 1 km (810 km) from the beam source. The Near Detector’s position on-site at Fermilab means that it is also able to observe neutrinos from a second neutrino beam, the BNB, 160 mrad off-axis. NOvA has been taking BNB data since 2015, but has not yet analysed these data. The BNB and NuMI are subject to different beam-related uncertainties, allowing us to leverage this sample as an in-situ constraint. This poster will present the current status, preliminary simulations, and potential additional uses of this unique experimental setup
Speaker: Adam Lister (University of Wisconsin - Madison) -
121
Improving scintillating cryogenic calorimeters for the search of rare events
Cryogenic calorimeters are particle detectors that measure energy as a temperature rise. To achieve adequate sensitivity, they must be operated at $\sim$10mK, where they achieve optimum energy resolution. When using a scintillating crystal as a particle absorber, reading the scintillation light from a second cryocalorimeter provides particle identification. Both elements have NTD thermistors for temperature change readout.
These detectors have proven to be a powerful tool for current (e.g. CUORE) and future (e.g. CUPID) experiments in the rare element research landscape.
We have been testing innovative solutions for different elements of the detector to assess the possibility of achieving higher sensitivities and better light collection, resulting in increased performance and better background discrimination.
To reduce detector response time, we tested NTDs fabricated using $^{11}$B and $^{10}$B implantation. It is expected that the sensitivity and response time of the calorimeters will be affected by the different low-temperature specific heats of these materials. We have tested calorimeters in operation with different NTDs and have evaluated the effect on detector performance.
To improve scintillation light collection and thus background discrimination, we operated Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating calorimeters coated with Al.
In order to increase the response of the light detector, we are designing transparent electrodes to implement the phonon amplification by charge drift (Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect) and we are testing the possibility of using photosensitive thin films to increase the light collection efficiency.
We will show the performance, measured at the Milano~-~Bicocca Cryogenic Laboratory, of several thermal detectors realised with the aforementioned novel techniques in the framework of CUPID R\&D.Speaker: Mattia Beretta (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
122
Introducing a Simultaneous Track+Shower Reconstruction Algorithm, dedicated for KM3NeT/ORCA
Underwater or in-ice neutrino oscillation experiments, which detect the products of neutrino interactions via Cherenkov radiation, have traditionally reconstructed events using a ‘track’ or ‘shower’ event classification scheme. At the neutrino energies of interest to these experiments, deep inelastic scattering is the dominant interaction mechanism. As a result, a hadronic shower is always created at the vertex of charged-current interactions, alongside the out-going lepton. This work presents a dedicated ‘track+shower’ reconstruction algorithm, which aims to more completely describe neutrino interactions in the KM3NeT research infrastructure.
The potential of this algorithm in performing particle identification for simulated neutrino events in the ORCA-6 sub-detector is presented. In turn, the improved neutrino energy resolution and directly-reconstructed Bjorken-y for neutrino events in the envisaged ORCA detector is shown. Such an algorithm paves the way for future neutrino oscillation analyses in KM3NeT, with improved energy resolution and reconstructed Bjorken-y being essential tools for a determination of the neutrino oscillation parameters and the yet-unknown Neutrino Mass Ordering.Speaker: Dr Brían Ó Fearraigh (University of Genoa) -
123
JUNO Sensitivity to Neutrino Oscillation Parameters
Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), under construction in South China, is designed to resolve the neutrino mass ordering using the oscillatory pattern of the electron anti-neutrinos produced in nuclear reactor cores. With a baseline of 52.5 km and a fine energy resolution of 3% at 1 MeV, JUNO will allow for the observation of two neutrino oscillation modes simultaneously, collecting about 100,000 inverse beta-decay events in six years with a 20 kton liquid scintillator target. This makes it possible to precisely measure the mixing angle $\theta_{12}$ and mass splittings $\Delta m^2_{21}$ and $\Delta m^2_{31}$ with unprecedented accuracy below 1%. The poster will cover details of the analysis and the final sensitivity results.
Speaker: Yury Malyshkin (GSI / Forschungszentrum Jülich) -
124
KM3NeT’s sensitivity to the next core-collapse supernova
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), the explosions marking the end of a massive star’s life cycle, are of immense interest in astrophysics but their underlying mechanism is not completely understood yet. Given the high density and opacity of the star’s core, neutrinos emerge as the most promising probe for unravelling the CCSN dynamics. However, such neutrinos would be detected only if a supernova takes place in our Galaxy or its neighbourhood. Since close-by CCSNe are rare and unpredictable, it is necessary to maximize the detection potential of all sensitive neutrino experiments. We present an updated CCSN search strategy using the KM3NeT neutrino detector.
KM3NeT, currently being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, was initially designed for the detection of GeV to PeV neutrinos. However, its spherical digital optical modules (DOMs), equipped with 31 photomultipliers oriented in various directions, can be used as standalone detectors for MeV-scale CCSN neutrinos. To identify these neutrinos, we defined new observables that characterize the geometry of events on single DOMs. These observables allow discerning low-energy neutrino events associated with CCSNe from radioactive decays in seawater and atmospheric muons. We will present the sensitivity of KM3NeT’s current and final detector configurations to the next close-by CCSN, using the single-DOM observables to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we will show how to parameterize the variations of the expected background level with the data-taking conditions. This parameterization is essential to search for CCSNe automatically with KM3NeT’s Real-Time Analysis Platform.
Speaker: Isabel Astrid Goos (APC) -
125
Large scale measurement of the performance of the Hyper-Kamiokande 50cm PMT
Hyper-Kamiokande is the next generation Water Cherenkov experiment in Japan, which will study with unprecedented precision the oscillations of different types of neutrinos, as well as neutrinos of astrophysics origin. The inner part of this massive new detector will be instrumented with 20000 high precision photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The R12860 PMT was developed by Hamamatsu Photonics for the Hyper-Kamiokande project, and has improved timing resolution, detection efficiency and charge resolution compared to the model used in the current Super-Kamiokande experiment. The mass production of these PMTs is on-going, and as part of the quality assurance process of Hyper-Kamiokande, a fraction of them are measured over one month periods in two specially built setups to evaluate their performance, check they satisfy the requirements of the experiment and detect any possible variation of the production quality during mass production. In particular, one of the setups allows us to measure the dark rate, after-pulse, timing and charge resolution of 16 PMTs at a time, as well as evaluate the stability of the PMTs performance over one month. The regular measurements done during the mass production provide large statistics measurements to characterize the performance of the R12860 PMT. We will present the results of the measurements in this poster, together with the setups used.
Speaker: Christophe Bronner (Kamioka Observatory, The University of Tokyo) -
126
LEGEND-1000 Overview
Building upon the LEGEND-200 experimental program, LEGEND-1000 is an upcoming ton-scale experiment in search of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$). Consisting of over 300 $\sim$3 kg germanium detectors surrounded by an instrumented liquid argon shield, L-1000 aims to make a 99.7% CL discovery of $0\nu\beta\beta$ with sensitivity covering the full inverted neutrino mass ordering, a $10^{28}$ yr half-life discovery potential after 10 years of exposure. We present the progress of the conceptual design of L-1000 and site preparation, and materials sourcing and deployment timeline. L-1000 will utilize 1000 kg of $^{76}$Ge-enriched high purity germanium (HPGe) semiconductor detectors, whose large mass is enabled by the inverted-coaxial point contact (ICPC) design. We review detector characterization efforts for L-1000, including avenues of characterization R&D.
This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilities.
Speaker: Emma van Nieuwenhuizen (Duke University / TUNL) -
127
Leptogenesis in a Left-Right Symmetric Model with double seesaw
We explore the connection between low-scale CP-violating Dirac phase $(\delta)$ and high-scale leptogenesis in a Left-Right Symmetric Model (LRSM) with scalar bidoublet and doublets. The fermion sector of the model is extended with one sterile neutrino $(S_L)$ per generation to implement a double seesaw mechanism in the neutral fermion mass matrix. The double seesaw is performed via the implementation of the type-I seesaw twice. The first seesaw facilitates the generation of Majorana mass term for heavy right-handed (RH) neutrinos $(N_R)$, and the light neutrino mass becomes linearly dependent on $S_L$ mass in the second. In our framework, we have taken charge conjugation ($C$) as the discrete left-right (LR) symmetry. This choice assists in deriving the Dirac neutrino mass matrix ($M_D$) in terms of the light and heavy RH neutrino masses and light neutrino mixing matrix $U_{PMNS}$ (containing $\delta$). We illustrate the viability of unflavored thermal leptogenesis via the decay of RH neutrinos by using the obtained $M_D$ with the masses of RH neutrinos as input parameters. A complete analysis of the Boltzmann equations describing the asymmetry evolution is performed in the unflavored regime, and it is shown that with or without Majorana phases, the CP-violating Dirac phase is sufficient to produce the required asymmetry in the leptonic sector within this framework for a given choice of input parameters. Finally, we comment on the possibility of constraining our model with the current and near-future oscillation experiments, which are aimed at refining the value of $\delta$.
Speaker: Utkarsh Patel (Indian Institute of Technology, Bhilai) -
128
LiFE-SNS: LiF Experiment for keV sterile neutrino search
We report recent progress on a LiF Experiment for keV Sterile Neutrino Search (LiFE-SNS) based on tritium beta decay measurement at mK temperatures. We use LiF crystals with $^3$H embedded through the Li(n,$\alpha$)$^3$H process. Magnetic microcalorimeters, one of the high-resolution detector technologies, are adopted to measure the amount of the energy deposited into the crystal absorber from $^3$H beta decays. Two detector modules have been prepared for the first phase of the project to achieve the highest sensitivity near the 10-keV region with a four-month measurement period. In this poster, we present the short- and long-term goals of the LiFE-SNS project searching for keV-scale sterile neutrinos together with possible systematics.
Speaker: Yong-Hamb Kim -
129
Light Readout System of the DUNE 2x2 Demonstrator
The Deep Underground Neutrino Detector (DUNE) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment currently under construction at the Sanford Underground Research Facility, with a near detector planned for installation at Fermi National Laboratory. Prototypes for Near and Far Detector components have already recorded data from cosmic rays and mixed hadron beams; however, the 2x2 Demonstrator, currently installed at Fermi National Laboratory and slated to collect data in the Spring of 2024, will be the first DUNE prototype to collect data from a neutrino beam. Composed of four integrated, single-phase, 600 kg liquid argon modules, the 2x2 Demonstrator prototypes the modular design of the DUNE Liquid Argon Near Detector in beamline conditions. The 2x2’s four modules are bisected into eight optically isolated time projection chambers (TPCs), each of which contains a pixelated charge readout, as well as 16 wavelength shifting light traps coupled to 48 silicon photomultiplier channels. This light readout system is optimized to mitigate event pileup through the precise timing of interactions in each TPC volume. Placed within each TPC’s field structure to maximize light yield, the 2x2’s high-coverage light traps provide localized timing resolution on the order of nanoseconds. This poster gives an overview of the 2x2 Demonstrator’s light readout system: its design, its initial performance collecting cosmic ray data, and its efficacy in a high-intensity beam environment.
Speaker: Angela White (University of Chicago) -
130
LiLAND - LIthium Electron Antineutrino Source at KamLAND
One of the longest-standing sterile neutrino anomalies is the Gallium anomaly in which transition from electron neutrino to sterile neutrino oscillation on the meter scale has been suggested as a solution to measured electron neutrino deficit originally observed in GALLEX and SAGE experiments, and more recently in the BEST experiment in which a 4 sigma significant deficit of electron neutrinos from the 51-Cr source was measured. Contrary to the reactor neutrino experiments where the expected flux is estimated from thousands of beta decay branches, neutrinos from a strong source feature well-understood spectrum due to a single radioactive process and flux extrapolated from the strength of the source. To search for meter-scale oscillations to sterile neutrinos with electron antineutrinos in KamLAND we propose LiLAND experiment that will utilize electron antineutrinos from the beta decay of 8-Li. 8-Li has a well-known spectrum with 13 MeV end-point, mostly above radiogenic backgrounds, making it a very attractive source of MeV antineutrinos. A similar idea has been previously proposed by IsoDAR experiment. Unique to LiLAND that we proposed, is the production mechanism of 8-Li. 8-Li will be produced in situ by irradiating 7-Li sleeve with neutrons produced by a high-power DT neutron generator at its core. This idea has been enabled by a recent development of very powerful DT generators with a yield of the order $10^{13}$ neutrons/s. We will present initial considerations, conceptual design, and expected rates. Of utmost importance is to place the source as close to KamLAND volume to increase sensitivity to to increase sensitivity to higher neutrino mass region favored by BEST result.
Speaker: Tatjana Miletic (University of Hawaii) -
131
Liquid Argon Instrumentation for Background Suppression in LEGEND-200 Experiment
The LEGEND-200 experiment at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, is designed to search
for neutrinoless double beta decay of 76Ge. The experiment uses about 200 kg of high-purity
germanium (HPGe) detectors, enriched in 76Ge, deployed within a cryostat filled with liquid
argon (LAr). The LAr acts as a cooling medium and as an active shield. The LAr
instrumentation is deployed in LEGEND-200 to detect the LAr scintillation light emitted by
background nuclear processes occurring within the LAr and that accompany signal response
in the HPGe detectors. Background events originate from α-, β-, γ- or neutron interactions,
coming from primordial, anthropogenic or cosmogenic unstable isotopes. They may impact
the detection of neutrinoless double beta decay signals, which involve energy deposition
inside the HPGe detectors, with no corresponding energy deposition occurring in the LAr.
The poster will cover the LAr instrumentation setup, the performance during
commissioning and physics runs. The Event Topology Classifier (ETC) utilized to
discriminate between β/γ and α radiation will also be presented. We showcase the ETC’s
role in tagging delayed Po-alphas depositing energy in the LAr following prompt signals of
Bi-gammas detected in the HPGe detectors.
This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL
LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and
MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA;
the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the
LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilities.Speaker: Nina Burlac (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
132
Low Energy Analyses with CUORE and a Search for Solar Axions
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a bolometric neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment, which has collected over 2 Tonne$\cdot$years of TeO$_2$ exposure. CUORE’s primary analysis of searching for $0\nu\beta\beta$ in $^{130}$Te has an energy region of interest at $\sim$ 2,500 keV. CUORE’s extremely low background levels, high energy resolution, and exposure make multiple other rare event searches possible. New data analysis tools and studies enable searches in CUORE’s low energy region below 100 keV, two orders of magnitude below the $0\nu\beta\beta$ region of interest.
Searches in CUORE’s low energy region, such as for low mass dark matter and solar axions, could provide new insights and complement other particle physics searches. Previous CUORE studies typically use an analysis threshold of 40 keV for searches. Lowering this threshold, along with a better understanding of low-energy events and backgrounds, improves knowledge of background and coincidence events for all searches. This contribution describes analysis methods developed for the CUORE low energy region. It will also detail a search for solar axions or Axion Like Particles (ALPs), well-motivated dark matter candidates that could provide a solution for the QCD Strong CP problem. This analysis implements these tools as a first search in this energy region with CUORE.
Speaker: Samantha Pagan (Yale) -
133
Low Energy Excess and New Physics Searches with MicroBooNE
The MicroBooNE detector is a liquid argon TPC located in the Booster Neutrino Beamline at Fermilab. Leveraging the unique capabilities of the LArTPC technology to distinguish photons from electron showers, one of MicroBooNE's primary goals is to investigate MiniBooNE low energy excess (LEE), an anomalously large observed rate of events containing a single electromagnetic shower. This electromagnetic shower could be caused by electrons, photons, or electron-positron (e+e-) pairs, which would all look very similar in the MiniBooNE Cherenkov detector, but could have distinct signatures in the MicroBooNE LArTPC. In this poster, we present an updated and new search for these signals, including searches for electron neutrino, single-photons, and e+e- pairs.
Speakers: Alexandra Trettin (University of Manchester), Fan Gao (University of California, Santa Barbara) -
134
Low-background radiochemistry techniques for extremely rare-event physics detector
Radioanalytical chemistry methods and techniques have recently been widely involved in very low-level radioactivity measurements for physics experiments searching for extremely rare events. All experiments searching for events with elusive rates are bound by the unavoidable necessity to reduce to zero background levels and enlarge a target material to identify feeble signals. The need to minimize the background level while maximizing detector exposure leads to the pivotal importance of the implications of radioanalytical chemistry methods: radioassay of detector components and shielding materials at ultra-low levels, purification of target materials, and selective separation of interfering radioactive impurities, reduction of surface contamination, cooperation of extraction methods with the radioactivity counting methods, etc. In this work, the radioanalytical chemistry contribution to pioneering and leading physics experiments will be highlighted. The emphasis will be placed on solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with ICP-MS, HPGe, NAA, etc. techniques applied to reach Th and U detection sensitivity at sub-ppt and ppq levels. The results of materials purification and radioassay obtained for AMoRE collaboration using the ICP-MS/SPE combination will be presented, along with a comparative summarization of the sensitivity achievements of other experimental groups.
Speaker: Dr Olga Gileva (Center for Underground Physics at Institute of Basic Science) -
135
LS-SBT: The Liquid Scintillator-Surrounding Background Tagger of BDF/SHiP at the CERN SPS
The Search for Hidden Particles (SHiP) experiment will be the new flagship project of the CERN Physics Beyond Colliders intensity frontier, featuring a dedicated Beam Dump Facility (BDF) at CERN's North Area ECN3 to exploit the full potential of the 400 GeV SPS proton beam.
The experiment is realised by a two-fold detector setup enabling a diverse physics program: While the Hidden Sector (HS) detector will study the decay of Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL) and other Feebly-Interacting Particles (FIPs) in a broad range of masses and coupling inaccessible to colliders, the upstream Scattering and Neutrino Detector (SND) is going to enable a direct search for Light Dark Matter (LDM), as well as measurements in neutrino physics with unprecedented precision.
As the detector is located closely downstream of the dense proton beam target, a major challenge will be the reduction of beam-related backgrounds. Following a hadron stopper, the superconducting magnet muon shield will deflect most of these particles from the detector acceptance, but muon and neutrino interactions in the detector and its vicinity still have to be correctly discriminated. To this end, the 50 m-long evacuated volume of the HS decay vessel will be enveloped with a Surrounding Background Tagger (SBT) consisting of O(1 000) cells filled with Liquid Scintillator (LS) and equipped with Wavelength-Shifting Optical Modules (WOMs) and SiPM readout.
This contribution will provide details on the specifications and technology of the LS-SBT, showcasing the performance of prototype detectors in several test beam exposures.
Having just been approved by the CERN Research Board, this is the ideal time for new groups to join the project.
Speaker: Annika Hollnagel (JGU Mainz) -
136
Machine Learning Approaches to Particle Identification in the DUNE Far Detector
One of the primary oscillation physics goals of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) far detector (FD) is the measurement of CP violation in the neutrino sector. To achieve this, DUNE plans to employ large-scale liquid-argon time-projection chamber technology to capture neutrino interactions in unprecedented detail. Such fine-grain images demand a highly sophisticated automated reconstruction software such as Pandora to unlock the potential for a highly efficient and pure selection of charge-current (CC) muon/electron neutrino interactions. This poster presents the Pandora-based CC muon/electron neutrino interaction selection and explores its employed particle-identification methods, which range from simple boosted-decision trees to more complex deep learning approaches. This work illustrates the reconstruction-to-analysis continuum, via which specific Pandora reconstruction improvements are motivated and targeted, moving DUNE ever closer to uncovering the mysteries of neutrinos.
Speaker: Isobel Mawby (Lancaster University) -
137
Machine learning based design optimization for the search of neutrinoless double-beta decay with LEGEND
Cosmic muon interactions leading to the in-situ production of long-lived radioisotopes may introduce a significant background in the context of rare event searches conducted deep underground. Specifically, the delayed decay of $^{77(m)}$Ge emerges as the primary contributor from in-situ cosmogenic sources for the neutrinoless double-beta decay search with $^{76}$Ge. The future LEGEND-1000 experiment, aiming for a ton-scale setup, necessitates a stringent requirement of a total background less than $10^{-5} \rm cts/(keV\cdot kg \cdot yr)$. Neutron backgrounds are closely tied to factors such as laboratory depth, shielding material, and cryostat design. The incorporation of passive neutron moderators results in a reduced background contribution. In order to determine the most effective shield design, computationally intensive Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations need to be generated multiple times to probe the high-dimensional parameter spaces. Traditional Monte Carlo simulations, however, may prove time-consuming and challenging when addressing full optimization across numerous parameter spaces. This renders conventional methods, such as grid searches, computationally infeasible. Machine learning emerges as a valuable tool, not only for accelerating common modeling but also for minimizing the reliance on computationally expensive standard Monte Carlo methods. We outline a Multi-Fidelity Gaussian Process study, showcasing its application in a small-scale context based on various neutron moderator configurations. The approach presented holds the potential for adaptability in exploring alternative detector shielding designs for $^{76}$Ge experiments, such as LEGEND.
Speaker: Ann-Kathrin Schuetz (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) -
138
Machine learning for fast event reconstruction in the SNO+ scintillator phase
SNO+ is an operational kiloton-scale multipurpose neutrino experiment loaded with linear alkylbenzene-based scintillator. SNO+ analyses have traditionally reconstructed event positions by maximizing a complex likelihood function based on PMT hit times. Machine learning presents an interesting alternative to likelihood for reconstruction problems, being able to learn corrections to averaged PDFs, generalise to tasks for which it is difficult to construct a tractable likelihood function, and make predictions much faster than numerical optimization. Complementary approaches to reconstruction can identify shortcomings in likelihood-based methods and provide a fast seed for likelihood optimization. In this poster we explore applications of machine learning to reconstruction tasks in the SNO+ scintillator, presenting neural network structures that can effectively ingest events consisting of an unordered set of PMT hit information. Applied to the position reconstruction of point-like events, we find some performance gains compared to traditional likelihood optimization while evaluating orders of magnitude faster.
Speakers: Cal Hewitt (University of Oxford), Mark Anderson (Queen's University) -
139
MAGNETO-v: Neutrino Physics with Precision Pu-241 Decay Measurement
Pu-241 is a newly proposed nuclide for studying the nature of neutrinos to complement tritium-based experiments. Pu-241 decays into Am-241 via first-forbidden non-unique beta minus decays with 20.8-keV Q-value and 14.3-year half-life, making it suitable for keV sterile neutrino search as well as active neutrinos mass measurement. MAGNETO-v experiment uses magnetic microcalorimeters in conjunction with quantum magnetometers to acquire the most precise Pu-241 decay spectrum. The experiment’s pure source is provided by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Our first experiment accumulated total 160 million counts above the 3 keV threshold, which is currently the most precise Pu-241 beta decays spectrum. The data yields a |Ue4|2~1e-3 sensitivity to 10-keV neutrinos, which is compatible to the current best limit. More data acquisition is on the way and preliminary analysis results for keV neutrino and active neutrino mass will be presented. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development program of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (23-LW-043).
Speaker: Chang Lee (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) -
140
Measurement of In-115 β-decay with the ACCESS project
Current bounds on neutrino Majorana mass are affected by significant uncertainties in the nuclear calculations for neutrinoless double-beta decay. A key issue for a data-driven improvement of the nuclear theory is the actual value of the axial coupling constant g$_A$, which can be investigated through forbidden β-decays. In this contribute, we present the first measurement of 4$^{th}$-forbidden β-decay of In-115 with a cryogenic calorimeter based on Indium Iodide, performed in the framework of the ACCESS project. Exploiting the enhanced spectral shape method for the first time to this isotope, our study accurately determines simultaneously spectral shape, g$_A$, and half-life. The Interacting Shell Model, which best fits our data, indicates a half-life for this decay at $T_{1/2}=(5.26±0.06)\times10^{14}$ yr.
Speaker: Dr Lorenzo Pagnanini (Gran Sasso Science Institute & INFN - LNGS) -
141
Measurement of the first-forbidden non-unique β-decay energy spectrum of 214-Bi to the ground state of 214-Po in XENONnT
The XENONnT experiment, situated at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, is a dark matter direct detection experiment with a target of 5.9 tonnes of instrumented liquid xenon. The detector aims to detect the O(10)keV signal from a dark matter particle recoil, but it also offers the possibility to measure radioactive decays at higher energies. Our study presents a method to perform a measurement of the energy spectrum of the first-forbidden non-unique beta decay of 214-Bi to the ground state of 214-Po, found in the background radiation originating from the radon decay chain. The interest in this measurement is twofold. Firstly, it provides an internal calibration sample to characterise the detector's response to beta decays. Secondly, it allows comparison of the measured energy spectrum with predictions from nuclear structure model calculations, a challenge itself for these large nuclei.
Speaker: Carlo Fuselli -
142
Measurement of the gamma background in Modane Underground Laboratory with SuperNEMO, and estimation of SuperNEMO's overall background levels
Discovering neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) would be a huge step in understanding the neutrino's nature. The SuperNEMO experiment is designed to search for $0\nu\beta\beta$, using its Demonstrator Module in LSM, Modane, France, at a depth of 4800$\,$m.w.e. Its tracker and segmented, scintillator-based calorimeter enable unambiguous particle identification, time-of-flight and individual energy measurements. SuperNEMO aims to achieve an ultra-low background level of $<10^{-4}\,$events/(keV.kg.yr) in the $0\nu\beta\beta$ ROI. We must therefore understand both internal (within the $\beta\beta$ foil) and external sources of background.
The main external background to the unshielded detector comes from photons produced by $^{208}$Tl, $^{214}$Bi and $^{40}$K decays in the LSM walls. These occasionally interact in the detector, mimicking $\beta\beta$ events. Iron shielding, which will almost eliminate this background, will be installed by summer. This work takes advantage of data taken before shielding installation to measure this photon background. Using SuperNEMO's particle-identification abilities, we present a new measurement of this $\gamma$ flux through multiple channels: by direct $\gamma$ detection; and independently via a measurement of $\beta\beta$-like events generated by $\gamma$. Combining these measurements provides an overall estimate of the $\gamma$ flux at LSM.
Additionally, we have simulated processes anticipated to contribute to the internal background, developing a first version of SuperNEMO's background model. The most significant contribution is expected to be due to contamination of the $\beta\beta$ source foil, where isotopes of $^{208}$Tl, $^{214}$Bi, $^{234m}Pa$ and $^{40}$K can mimic $\beta\beta$ events.
Fully comprehending SuperNEMO's background, combined with its topological reconstruction capabilities, will allow us to search for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ mechanisms and test the possible deviations of the $2\nu\beta\beta$ spectrum from the Standard Model.
Speaker: Cheryl Patrick (University of Edinburgh) -
143
Measurement of two-neutrino double electron capture half-life of Xe-124 with the PandaX-4T detector
Two-neutrino double electron capture (2$\nu$DEC) is a second-order weak interaction process. The half-life of 2$\nu$DEC is directly related to that of neutrino-less double electron capture (0$\nu$DEC) and is of significant importance for revealing the Majorana nature of neutrinos. PandaX-4T is a time projection chamber with 3.7 tons of natural xenon in the active volume, which contains approximately 3.7 kg of Xe-124, a DEC isotope. Using the 655.6 tonne-days of PandaX-4T commissioning Run and the science Run 1 data, we have achieved a precise determination of the 2$\nu$DEC half-life for Xe-124 and searched for possible 0$\nu$DEC signal.
Speaker: Zihao Bo -
144
Measurements of Pion and Muon Nuclear Capture at Rest on Argon in the LArIAT Test Beam Experiment
LArIAT is a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) experiment in a test beam at Fermilab from 2015 to 2017 to understand and characterize interactions of particles in LAr which are commonly observed in neutrino-Ar final-states. Tracks for pions and muons in LArTPCs are difficult to differentiate since both particles exhibit very similar ionization profiles for muon and pion that stop in the TPC. We are exploring unique new particle discrimination capabilities by exploiting information from small, isolated ionization depositions, referred to as "blips", reconstructed near the endpoint of stopping tracks. These blips are formed by gammas emitted when an at-rest pion or muon captures on the argon nucleus. The relatively low beam energy provided by LArIAT makes it uniquely suited for performing this demonstration. In this poster, we present an overview of event candidate selection, blip reconstruction, and background subtraction corresponding to our signal of interest, nuclear captures of pions and muons at rest inside LArIAT's TPC.
Speaker: Miguel Angel Hernandez Morquecho (Illinois Institute of Technology) -
145
Measuring the Flavor of UHE Neutrinos with PUEO
The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations is a balloon-borne detector for astrophysical neutrinos with energies in the EeV range. Flying on a long duration balloon over Antarctica, it will measure the radio signals from particle showers that are produced when UHE neutrinos interact within the ice.
A neutrino undergoing charged current interaction will also result in a charged lepton, which can produce additional particle showers. Identifying the characteristic radio emission from these secondary showers would allow us to measure the flavor composition of the UHE neutrino flux.
We will present an outlook for the measurement of the flavor of UHE neutrinos with PUEO, which would give valuable insight into their production processes, let us probe neutrino oscillations at the highest energies, and search for beyond standard model interactions.Speaker: Christoph Welling (University of Chicago) -
146
Measuring neutrino-induced neutrons in the MicroBooNE LArTPC
Neutrons produced in neutrino interactions tend to represent considerable missing energy, leading to biases in neutrino energy estimates, which in turn can produce biases in measured oscillation parameters. However measuring neutron production in neutrino interactions is challenging. In this poster we present a method for identifying neutrons produced in neutrino interactions in the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber, leveraging the low thresholds and precise tracking and calorimetry to produce a pure sample of neutrino-induced neutrons with which we can constrain the contributions of neutrons to missing energy. The methods presented would be directly applicable to other liquid argon detectors in the SBN program and DUNE.
Speaker: Andrew Furmanski (University of Minnesota) -
147
Medium Energy Neutron Detector Response in NOvA
Neutrons pose a significant challenge in neutrino experiments where energy reconstruction is critical. The behavior of neutrons is particularly model-dependent because they can take away interaction energy that is largely unseen owing to their non-ionizing nature. Below 20 MeV, many interaction models, like Geant4, employ measurements of final-state particle content to produce accurate neutron interaction topologies. However, there is a lack of data for higher energies, and we must rely on statistical models tuned only to the inclusive interaction cross-section. This can alter the expected visibility of neutrons. NOvA is a long-baseline accelerator neutrino experiment that can leverage its segmented, liquid scintillator-based, high-rate Near Detector to probe neutron interaction models. In this poster, we describe the development and application of an algorithm capable of identifying energy deposits linked to primary neutrons in antineutrino interactions. Additionally, we present the results of a neutron-on-carbon inelastic scattering model as a replacement for Geant4’s intranuclear cascades between 20-O(100) MeV and show an improvement in data-simulation agreement.
Speakers: Andrew Sutton (Florida State University), Miranda Rabelhofer -
148
Michel Electron Reconstruction Using a Novel Deep-Learning-Based Multi-Level Event Reconstruction in ICARUS
The ICARUS detector, situated on the Fermilab beamline as the Far Detector of the SBN (Short Baseline Neutrino) program, is the first large-scale operating LArTPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber). The mm-scale spatial resolution and precise timing of LArTPC enable voxelized 3D event reconstruction with high precision. A scalable deep-learning (DL)-based event reconstruction framework for LArTPC data has been developed, incorporating suitable choices of sparse tensor convolution and graph neural networks to fully utilize LArTPC's high-resolution imaging capabilities. Michel electrons, which are daughter electrons from the decay-at-rest of cosmic ray muons, have an energy spectrum that is theoretically well understood. The reconstruction of Michel electrons in LArTPC can demonstrate the capability of the system for low-energy electron reconstruction. This poster presents an end-to-end, deep-learning-based approach for Michel electron reconstruction in ICARUS.
Speaker: Yeon-jae Jwa -
149
Model-Dependent and Independent Stacking Search for Seyfert Neutrino Emission with the KM3NeT/ARCA and ANTARES Detectors
Searching for high-energy neutrino emission from Seyfert Galaxies has
become paramount since the IceCube evidence of neutrino emission from NGC 1068. In
this contribution, we present a binned likelihood stacking search for Seyfert Galaxies,exploiting both KM3NeT/ARCA and ANTARES data. First, we perform a model-
dependent search, testing the state-of-the-art hot corona neutrino modelling for 9 localSeyfert Galaxies. Furthermore, we consider a model-independent search constructing a
catalogue of 30 Seyfert Galaxies using the B.A.S.S. AGN catalogue. We present the 90%
sensitivity for these scenarios, constraining the emissions of these galaxies.Speaker: Walid Idrissi Ibnsalih (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
150
Modeling Backgrounds in the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR
The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR was a neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) experiment containing ~44 kg of p-type point contact germanium detectors, of which ~30 kg were enriched to 88% in $^{76}$Ge. The DEMONSTRATOR’s low background rate and excellent energy resolution of 2.52 keV at the $0\nu\beta\beta$ Q-value allowed it to set a lower limit of $8.3 \times 10^{25}$ yrs on the $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life. Through the use of a multi-layer passive shield, radiopure materials, and analysis-based background rejection techniques, the DEMONSTRATOR achieved one of the lowest background rates of all $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments at the $0\nu\beta\beta$ Q-value, $6.23 \times 10^{-3}$ cnts/(keV kg yr). However, the observed background rate exhibited significant tension with the assay-based projection of $1.17 \times 10^{-3}$ cnts/(keV kg yr). Spectral fits and supplementary background studies indicate that this discrepancy primarily arose from an excess of events from the $^{232}$Th decay chain, which were non-uniformly distributed between the DEMONSTRATOR’s two modules and which did not originate in a near-detector component. This poster presents the results of background model fits, their implications for the next-generation experiment LEGEND-200, and a measurement of the half-life of two-neutrino double-beta decay, incorporating studies of multiple sources of systematic uncertainty.
This material is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, the Particle Astrophysics and Nuclear Physics Programs of the National Science Foundation, and the Sanford Underground Research Facility.
Speaker: Anna Reine (Indiana University) -
151
Modeling the X-ARAPUCA's thin-film dichroic filters using physics informed neural networks
The X-ARAPUCA is the latest iteration of a family of devices capable of detecting single photons from liquid argon scintillation, serving as the building blocks of DUNE's Photo Detection System. Along with the instrumentation for the device, a full physics simulation called ArapucaSim was created that can replicate the observed efficiencies of real devices. This makes it a useful tool for looking for alternatives to both materials and geometries. A bottleneck that results from the simulation of the dichroic filters, which are in charge of trapping the photons inside the X-ARAPUCA's, plagues the simulation's efficiency. Here, we present an alternative model that shifts the computational load to a previous stage, namely the training of a physics informed neural network (PINN). During the ArapucaSim runtime, the PINN's receives the photon's wavelength and incidence angle as input and returns the probabilities of either transmitting, absorbing, or reflecting the photon. This calculation is faster than using a transfer matrix model and at least as fast as interpolating a fine-grained table with the filter's characteristics. The training uses both sources of information, the transfer matrix and measured characteristics, to generate a final algorithm that is less computation intensive during runtime and requires less data to be trained than the interpolation option.
Speaker: Gustavo Valdiviesso (UNIFAL-MG Universidade Federal de Alfenas) -
152
Momentum measurement in the FASERν detector in the LHC-FASER experiment
The FASER experiment studies three generations of neutrinos in the unexplored TeV energy region using the Large Hadron Collider at center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV.
The FASER detector is located 480 m downstream the ATLAS IP.
The FASER$\nu$ emulsion detector, a component of FASER, consists of 730 layers of emulsion films and tungsten plates, with a target mass of 1.1 tons.
Thanks to the high spatial resolution of the emulsion detector, FASER$\nu$ can detect all neutrino flavors and measure differential cross-sections.
The objective of this work presented here is to develop a method to reconstruct momenta of high-energy charged particles in the FASER$\nu$ detector by means of the multiple Coulomb scattering.
In this poster, we will report on the evaluation results from Monte Carlo simulations, the status of irradiation and analysis in a test beam experiment in summer 2023, and an application of the method to FASER$\nu$'s 2022 data.Speaker: Haruhi Fujimori -
153
Muon Veto of the LEGEND Experiment
The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay (LEGEND) is an experimental program dedicated to the search for the neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ decay of $^{76}$Ge. The experiment is being designed to reach a half-life sensitivity of $10^{28}$ yr in the next experimental phase, LEGEND-1000, which requires a background rate of $10^{-5}$ cts/(keV$\cdot$kg$\cdot$yr). Attaining such rare event rate requires a number of measures to reduce background due to more frequent phenomena. For the current experimental phase, LEGEND-200, a muon veto system uses a water-based Cherenkov detector to actively reduce background. It uses photomultiplier tubes as light detectors in a water tank covered with a reflective foil to increase the light collection efficiency inside the water volume. In this poster we present the operating principle and latest data analysis of the current muon veto and discuss plans for its future developments for LEGEND-1000.
This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilities.
Speaker: Gina Grünauer -
154
NA61/SHINE Hadron Production Measurements for Neutrino Oscillation Analyses
Knowledge of the neutrino flux is necessary to precisely measure neutrino oscillation parameters with accelerator-generated neutrino beams. Hadron production is a dominant source of neutrino flux uncertainty in long-baseline neutrino experiments, such as NOvA, T2K, and DUNE. These uncertainties are reduced by precisely measuring hadron-nucleus interactions in the target materials used to create neutrino beamlines. The NA61/SHINE experiment at CERN provides many hadronic production measurements for this purpose. This poster will discuss these measurements in thin and replica targets that apply to the neutrino oscillation programs at Fermilab and J-PARC.
Speaker: Amelia Camino (University of Pittsburgh) -
155
Neutrino Beam Simulations for the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment and target alternatives
A simulation of the neutrino beam for the upcoming Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) experiment is essential for predicting neutrino fluxes accurately at the near and far detectors, which is crucial for measuring various neutrino oscillation parameters such as mixing angles, mass differences and the CP-violating phase. G4Jnubeam is a new beam simulation software based on the GEANT4 package currently under development for Hyper-K. It has been designed to simulate all aspects of neutrino production including proton beam simulation, decays of hadrons and muons into neutrinos, and ultimately the neutrino incident fluxes at both the near and far detectors. Additionally, G4Jnubeam is used to investigate alternative target configurations for the Hyper-K design that can lead to reduced wrong-sign contaminations in neutrino beam flux calculations. Some simulation results for validation against external hadron production measurements from the NA61/SHINE experiment, neutrino flux predictions for the Hyper-K near and far detectors, and the effects of having a longer and denser target on the neutrino beam production are presented.
Speaker: Dr Lucas Nascimento Machado (University of Glasgow) -
156
Neutrino energy scale measurements in DUNE using advanced computing
The Deep Underground neutrino experiment (DUNE), consisting of near (DUNE-ND) and far (DUNE-FD) detectors, is a long-baseline experiment that is designed to measure neutrino oscillations, as well as searches beyond the standard model. The DUNE-FD will operate with a total volume of 70 kiloton liquid argon and will be situated at Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in South Dakota. The DUNE-ND will be placed close to the neutrino source and measure an un-oscillated neutrino beam for precise measurement of oscillation parameters. I will present the impact of using model systematics on the neutrino energy scale measurements in DUNE using advanced computing at Argonne.
Speaker: Aleena Rafique (Argonne National Laboratory) -
157
Neutrino Oscillation Global Fits with GAMBIT
The field of neutrino oscillation study is full of unique and insightful experiments, and global fits can be conducted to study their results in a unified and coherent approach, exploiting the strengths of the different experiments. For the success of a global study, factors such as experiment modelling, parameter space exploration, and statistical interpretation are of vital importance.
In this work, we present preliminary results from the first three-flavour neutrino global fit performed with the Global and Modular BSM Inference Tool (GAMBIT). GAMBIT is an open-source global fitting software package for studying generic particle and astronomical physics models. Its modular design allows easy implementation of likelihood functions and models. The built-in scanners also provide robust and efficient statistical sampling techniques.
Our neutrino global fit includes results from eight neutrino oscillation experiments of different types, including solar, reactor, atmospheric, and long-baseline accelerator. The fit also uses only publicly accessible experiment data and information, adhering to the open-source policy. In the fit, each experiment is represented by a set of likelihood functions. Realistic and physics-motivated systematic models along with sets of nuisance parameters are introduced to account for systematic uncertainties for the detector effects and the neutrino fluxes, to name a few. For a given combination of neutrino oscillation parameters and nuisance parameters, a combined likelihood can be calculated. A self-adaptive differential evolution sampling algorithm is utilised to explore the vast parameter space and search for the best-fit point. Rigorous and modern statistical methods are adopted to interpret the sampling result, maximising the accuracy of the global fit.
Speaker: Chien Lin (Imperial College London) -
158
Neutrino reconstruction analysis at ICARUS detector
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) detectors offer impressive charged particle imaging capability with high spatial resolution. Precise event reconstruction procedures are mandatory in order to fully exploit the potential of this technology.
The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory. A sensitive search was performed for LSND-like anomalous $\nu_e$ appearance in the CNGS beam, contributing to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters within a narrow region around 1 e$V^2$. Following a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector was relocated to Fermilab to begin to operate as the far detector in the Short-Baseline Neutrino Program (SBN). ICARUS has entered the physics run phase and is presently collecting large statistical samples for its proposed physics analysis program.
This poster will present ICARUS event selection along with the currently employed reconstruction and analysis algorithms. Initial studies have been conducted with a well defined sample of $\nu_\mu$ $CC$ quasi elastic interactions, demonstrating promising and robust results of fully reconstructed neutrino events. Detailed investigations are undergoing to develop an efficient and automatic selection towards a final oscillation analysis, the status of which will also be reported here.Speaker: Maria Artero Pons (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
159
Neutrinoless double beta decay in a left-right symmetric model with a double seesaw mechanism
We discuss a left-right (L-R) symmetric model with
the double seesaw mechanism at the TeV scale generating Majorana
masses for the active left-handed (LH) flavour neutrinos
$\nu_{\alpha L}$ and the heavy right-handed (RH) neutrinos $N_{\beta R}$, $\alpha,\beta = e,\mu,\tau$, which in turn mediate lepton number violating processes, including neutrinoless double beta decay.
The Higgs sector is composed of two Higgs doublets $H_L$, $H_R$ and a bi-doublet $\Phi$. The fermion sector has
the usual for the L-R symmetric models quarks and leptons, along with three $SU(2)$ singlet fermion $S_{\gamma L}$. The choice of bare Majorana mass term for these sterile fermions induces large Majorana masses for the heavy RH neutrinos leading to two sets of heavy Majorana particles $N_j$ and $S_k$, $j,k=1,2,3$, with masses
$m_{N_j} \ll m_{S_k}$. Working with a specific version of the model in which the $\nu_{\alpha L} - N_{\beta R}$ and the $N_{\beta R} - S_{\gamma L}$ Dirac mass terms are diagonal, and assuming that $m_{N_j} \sim (1 - 1000)$ GeV and ${\rm max}(m_{S_k}) \sim (1 - 10)$ TeV, $m_{N_j} \ll m_{S_k}$, we study in detail the new ``non-standard'' contributions to the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay amplitude and half-life
arising due to the exchange of virtual $N_j$ and $S_k$.
We find that in both cases of NO and IO light neutrino mass spectra, these contributions are strongly enhanced and are dominant at relatively small values of the lightest neutrino mass $m_{1(3)} \sim (10^{-4} - 10^{-2})$ eV over the light Majorana neutrino exchange contribution.
In large part of the parameter space, the predictions of the model for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay generalised effective Majorana
mass and half-life are within the sensitivity range of the
planned next generation of neutrinoless double beta decay
experiments LEGEND-200 (LEGEND-1000), nEXO, KamlAND-Zen-II, CUPID, NEXT-HD.Speaker: Dr Purushottam Sahu (Indian Institute Of Technology Bombay, India) -
160
Neutrinoless double beta decay search using CUORE dual-Site events
The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a ton scale experimental search for 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay on ${}^{130}$Te. The CUORE detector consists of 988 TeO$_2$ crystals operating as cryogenic bolometers at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy. While simulations suggest that about 11\% of 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay events deposit energy in more than one crystal, the standard CUORE analysis considers only single-site events. In this talk we present the preliminary results of the search using dual-site events in CUORE, including the analysis techniques used to reconstruct the energy, suppress backgrounds, and estimate future sensitivity.
Speaker: Sachinthya Wagaarachchi (UC Berkeley and CUORE Collaboration) -
161
Neutrinoless double decay with the nEXO experiment
The nEXO experiment will search for neutrinoless double beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay using a 5-tonne liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chamber (TPC), enriched to 90% in Xe136, with a projected half-life sensitivity $>$ 10$^{28}$ years after 10 years of lifetime. The observation of lepton number non-conserving 0$\nu\beta\beta$ decay would imply new physics and require neutrinos to be Majorana fermions. With a general overview of the nEXO experiment, we present tests carried out in LXe at Stanford of prototype cryogenic application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for the readout of ionization charge specifically developed for nEXO by SLAC. This solution is chosen to meet low noise requirements due to reduced capacitance and to allow for high density channels without large masses of radioactive cabling. Additionally, we will share details of a 64kg LXe TPC, able to accommodate a 4-tile charge readout module (each tile is 10cm x 10cm) is under construction to investigate cross-talk between tiles and its impact on energy resolution. Finally, we will present on a LXe purity monitor, designed and built to measure the concentration of electronegative species emanated by materials considered for nEXO.
Speaker: Marie Vidal -
162
Neutrinos in Lake Geneva: Measuring the LHCb Forward Neutrino Flux with Large-Scale Detectors
This work investigates the physics potential of hypothetical large-scale detectors observing the interactions of neutrinos produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. We focus on the LHCb interaction point, as the forward neutrino flux from this location passes through Lake Geneva before exiting the Earth's surface. This offers two interesting possibilities: (1) a long pipe-like detector deployed within Lake Geneva, and (2) a large panel-based detector deployed on the Earth's surface. The former can leverage the large active volume enabled by the lake environment to collect a large dataset of all-flavor neutrino interactions within the detector, while the latter can leverage the long range of TeV-scale muons to collect a large dataset of muon neutrino interactions in the surrounding bedrock. One could also perform a coincidence measurement of muon neutrinos interacting in the lake-based detector and producing muons that are then observed in the surface-based detector. We estimate the event rates using a custom Monte Carlo simulation and show that these detectors can pin down the charm hadron contribution to the forward neutrino flux. Such a measurement would significantly constrain existing uncertainties on the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux, which is an important and poorly understood background to astrophysical neutrino searches at current and next-generation neutrino telescopes.
Speaker: Carlos Argüelles Delgado (Harvard University) -
163
Neutron Capture Cross Section Measurement on Carbon via Inverse Beta Decay in Daya Bay Reactor Antineutrino Experiment
We present the method of determination of neutron capture cross section on Carbon with 3158 days of operation of Daya Bay reactor antineutrino experiment through the inverse beta decay reaction. The detection process involves the annihilation of a positron followed by a thermalized neutron capture event. In Daya Bay experiment, three predominant forms of neutron capture events emerge: neutron-hydrogen, neutron-gadolinium, and neutron-carbon interactions. In this study we use hydrogen and gadolinium as comparative elements to determine the cross section of $^{12}C(n,\sigma)^{13}C$ by neutrons arising from inverse beta decay.
Speaker: Yee Bob Hsiung (National Taiwan University) -
164
Neutron detection in the 2x2 demonstrator and ND-LAr
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) wants to advance our understanding of neutrinos with remarkable precision. The main sources of detector systematic uncertainties are limitations of calibration and modeling of particles in the detector. Neutrons especially can account for up to 20% of the energy response uncertainty. In order to facilitate more accurate neutrino measurements in DUNE’s far detector by addressing this uncertainty, we plan to study these neutrons with the DUNE near detector. Our approach involves identifying neutrons by associating disjointed proton tracks with a neutrino interaction vertex. The 2x2 demonstrator for the DUNE near detector, positioned at Fermilab's NuMI beamline, provides an ideal platform for developing these neutron studies. Featuring eight optically segmented volumes, the 2x2 configuration effectively mitigates light-pileup issues, enabling determination of the neutron time of flight and therefore the kinetic energy. In this poster, we discuss the methodologies and the preliminary findings of our neutron studies in the 2x2 demonstrator.
Speaker: Marjolein van Nuland - Troost (Nikhef) -
165
New features in the T2K Near Detector constraints for the Oscillation Analysis
T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a Japan-based long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment designed to measure (anti)neutrino flavor oscillations. A muon (anti-)neutrino beam peaked around 0.6 GeV is produced in Tokai and directed toward the water Cherenkov far detector Super-Kamiokande (SK) located at 295 km. The ND280 is used to characterise the neutrino beam before the oscillation, and its data are used to tune the neutrino flux and cross-section models which are then used to predict the expected number of neutrinos at SK. In this poster, I will present the status of an updated analysis of the near detector (ND280) data, counting numerous improvements as a new selection ensuring to cover a wider phase space of the outgoing muons, with a better characterization of the low momentum transfer regions, improved events reconstruction, near-detector modeling, and cross-section modeling. GUNDAM, which stands for Generic fitter for Upgraded Near Detector Analysis Method, is a new tool developed to measure the neutrino flux and cross-section at the T2K near detector. It consists of a suite of applications interfaced to a flexible and highly optimized code structure. I will discuss briefly its features and performance, and then its main results.
Speaker: Léna Osu (LLR Polytechnique) -
166
New limits on the low-energy astrophysical electron antineutrinos at SK-Gd experiment
The Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment has the world's leading sensitivity to the astrophysical electron anti-neutrinos up to a few tens MeV, such like supernova originating neutrinos. In 2020, SK was upgraded to enhance its neutron capture signal by loading gadolinium, termed as the SK-Gd phase. Since 2022, more Gd has been loaded to achieve about 75% of neutron captures on Gd. Thanks to this, we continue reducing muon spallation backgrounds while increasing signal efficiency. One of the remaining dominant backgrounds are also atmospheric neutral-current quasi-elastic (NCQE) neutrino interactions. In this poster, we present a new method to reduce these NCQE events by up to a further factor of 10 as well as a dedicated neutron detection neural network to reduce 10^4 of muon spallation events. Finally, we show the results for the upper limits on the electron anti-neutrino flux that we can set with these improvements in the SK-Gd era
Speakers: Andrew Santos, Masayuki Harada, Yuki Kanemura (ICRR Univ.Tokyo) -
167
New RES and DIS uncertainties for NOvA cross-section model
NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino experiment at Fermilab that studies neutrino oscillations via electron neutrino appearance and muon neutrino disappearance. The oscillation measurements compare the Far Detector data to an oscillated prediction informed by the Near Detector (ND) data. This ND-informed prediction is produced from the neutrino generator GENIE, which provides NOvA with a set of interaction uncertainties. However, this coverage does not account for all interaction uncertainties relevant for NOvA, in particular for resonance production (RES) and deep inelastic scattering (DIS) processes, which comprise a substantial portion of NOvA's interactions. Here we introduce six new cross section uncertainties that affect RES and DIS interactions, which represent degrees of freedom not available in the previous NOvA model. After careful studying of their impact, we incorporate them to the NOvA cross-section model. We show the impact of these new uncertainties on various reconstructed quantities.
Speakers: Maria Martinez Casales (Fermilab), Michael Dolce -
168
New search for a sterile neutrino at MicroBooNE with BNB and NuMI beams
In 2023, the MicroBooNE experiment published its first constraints on light sterile neutrino oscillations using neutrinos from the on-axis Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB). A limitation of this first result came from the cancellation between electron neutrino disappearance and muon neutrino to electron neutrino appearance oscillations leading to a degeneracy in the extracted oscillation fit parameters. A new search for a sterile neutrino is being carried out simultaneously using neutrinos from both the on-axis BNB at a baseline of ~470 m with mean neutrino energy at 800 MeV and the off-axis Neutrino from the Main Injector (NuMI) beam at a baseline of ~680 m with neutrinos up to a few GeV. MicroBooNE’s two beam measurement allows to break this degeneracy leveraging the different intrinsic electron neutrino to muon neutrino ratios in BNB (~0.5%) and NuMI (~5%). This significantly expands the experiment’s sensitivity, allowing to probe parameter space for test the sterile neutrino hypothesis compatible with short baseline anomalies from the LSND, Neutrino-4, Gallium, and BEST experiments. In this poster, the status of this analysis will be reported.
Speakers: Sergey Martinenko (Brookhaven National Laboratory), Xiangpan Ji (Nankai University) -
169
Non unitary neutrino mixing with KM3NeT/ORCA
The oscillation of neutrinos has been measured in various channels since its experimental confirmation in 1998. However, there are only few observations of the tau neutrino appearance with large uncertainties. Better constraints on $|U_{\tau3}|^2$ are needed to probe the unitarity of the PMNS matrix U in the third mass eigenstate column $\left| U_{e3} \right|^2 + \left| U_{\mu 3} \right|^2 + \left| U_{\tau 3} \right|^2 = 1$. KM3NeT consist of two water-Cherenkov neutrino telescopes being deployed in the Mediterranean sea, near the coasts of France and Italy. In particular KM3NeT/ORCA, is optimised to measure the neutrino oscillation properties. Thanks to its compact geometrical layout it is sensitive to atmospheric neutrinos with energies as low as 3 GeV adequate to perform non unitarity tests. This contribution will report on the new results of testing the non unitarity of the neutrino mixing, obtained using an early six-lines configuration of the ORCA detector (ORCA6), with data recorded in 2020 and 2021.
Speaker: Luc Cerisy (CPPM) -
170
NuGraph2: A Graph Neural Network for Neutrino Event Reconstruction
Neutrino experiments are set to probe some of the most important open questions in physics, from CP violation and the nature of dark matter. The technology of choice for many of these experiments is the liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). In current LArTPC experiments, reconstruction performance often represents a limiting factor for the sensitivity. New developments are therefore needed to unlock the full potential of LArTPC experiments.
NuGraph2 is a state of the art Graph Neural Network for reconstruction of data in LArTPC experiments. NuGraph2 utilizes a heterogeneous graph structure, with separate subgraphs of 2D nodes (hits in each plane) connected across planes via 3D nodes (space points). The model provides a consistent description of the neutrino interaction across all planes. NuGraph2 is a multi-purpose network, with a common message-passing attention engine connected to multiple decoders with different classification or regression tasks. These include the classification of detector hits according to the particle type that produced them (semantic segmentation) and the separation of hits from the neutrino interaction from hits due to noise or cosmic-ray background. Additional decoders are being developed, performing tasks such as the regression of the neutrino interaction vertex position.
Performance results will be presented based on publicly available samples from MicroBooNE. These include both physics performance metrics, achieving 95% accuracy for semantic segmentation and 98% classification of neutrino hits, as well as computational metrics for training and for inference on CPU or GPU. The status of the NuGraph integration in the LArSoft software framework will be presented, as well as initial studies about model interpretability and injection of domain knowledge.
Speaker: Giuseppe Cerati -
171
NuGraph3: Towards Full LArTPC Reconstruction using GNNs
The highly detailed images produced by liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) technology hold the promise of an unprecedented window into neutrino interactions; however, traditional reconstruction techniques struggle to efficiently use all available information. This is especially true for complicated interactions produced by tau neutrinos, which are typically large, consist of many tracks, and differ from other interactions largely by subtle angular differences.
NuGraph2, the Exa.TrkX Graph Neural Network (GNN) for reconstruction of LArTPC data is a message-passing attention network over a heterogeneous graph structure, with separate subgraphs of 2D nodes (hits in each plane) connected across planes via 3D nodes (space points). The model provides a consistent description of the neutrino interaction across all planes. The GNN performed a semantic segmentation task, classifying detector hits according to the particle type that produced them, achieving ~95% accuracy when integrated over all particle classes.
Based on this success, we are building a new network, NuGraph3, which will generalize NuGraph2's structure to a hierarchical message-passing attention network. The lowest layer will consist of the same subgraphs of 2D nodes that NuGraph2 operates on. Higher layers will be dynamically generated through a learned metric space embedding. This will allow the network to build higher level representations out of low level hits. After iterative refinement, the hierarchical structure will reflect a particle tree reconstruction of each event. This hierarchical structure also provides a natural way to construct event level features for use in reconstructing quantities like vertex position and neutrino interaction classification. We will present preliminary work building particle clusters, and compare semantic segmentation results with and without hierarchical message passing.
Speaker: Adam Aurisano (University of Cincinnati) -
172
NvDEx - A Se TPC detector for neutrinoless double beta decay
NvDEx is a new Se-based TPC detector that will look for neutrinoless double beta decay. It will be placed in China JingPing Underground Laboratory, where the large rock overburden (2.4 km) will suppress significantly the cosmogenic background. Moreover, the high Q-value of $^{82}$Se, 2.996 MeV, will place the ROI well above most of the environmental background. As a result, it will be possible to achieve an incredibly low background environment, which ensures excellent perspectives for scalability.
NvDEx-100, the first phase of the experiment using 100 kg of SeF$_6$ gas, is currently under construction and planned to start taking data in 2026. I will present the current status of the experiment and the perspectives for future developments.
One of the main challenges to overcome is the high electronegativity of SeF$_6$, which means that the electrons will recombine very quickly and the particles traveling toward the readout plane will be negative ions. A new kind of sensor, Topmetal-S, has been developed: it will allow us to read out the drifted charge and reconstruct the energy of the event with great precision even without physical amplification like electron avalanche.Speaker: Emilio Ciuffoli (IMP, CAS) -
173
Observation of distant reactor neutrino in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium-loaded water
Super-Kamiokande is a large underground water Cherenkov detector for neutrino physics and nucleon decay search in Kamioka, Japan. We upgraded its detector with gadolinium (Gd) in 2020 (SK-Gd) to improve electron antineutrino ($\bar{\nu}_{\text{e}}$) identification. The higher energy yield from neutron capture of Gd enables the SK trigger system to apply to a lower energy region in $\bar{\nu}_{\text{e}}$ search than that in the pure water phase where the previous search had a 9 MeV energy threshold.
Many scintillator experiments have measured reactor antineutrinos well, especially in the KamLAND detector in the long baseline over 100 km. No large-scale water Cherenkov detector succeeded in the long-baseline measurements except for the evidence in the SNO+ experiment.
We conducted electron antineutrino analysis from 4 MeV $\bar{\nu}_{\text{e}}$ energy threshold via inverse beta decay in the first Gd phase (0.01% concentration), $536 \times 22.5~\text{days} \cdot \text{kt}$ exposure from 2020 summer to 2022 summer, and observed reactor neutrino. In this poster, we will show the result of reactor neutrino analysis in the first Gd phase (0.01%) and its status in the second Gd phase (0.03%). In addition, we will discuss the application of reactor neutrino measurement in SK-Gd.Speaker: Shota Izumiyama (Tokyo Institute of Technology) -
174
Optical module calibration for the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
P-ONE (Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment) is a future cubic-kilometre scale water Cherenkov neutrino telescope that will be located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Canada. P-ONE has a broad program including various topics in neutrino astronomy, oceanography and climate monitoring. The detector itself will be made of 70 lines consisting of 20 P-OMs (P-ONE optical modules) and connected to the existing infrastructure built by Ocean Networks Canada (ONC). The P-OM is a light detection unit that consists of 16 PMTs (Photomultiplier tubes) encased in a glass pressure housing. The first line of the detector is currently under development and planned to be deployed in 2025. Characterization of P-OM is a crucial part for estimating the performance and sensitivity of the future detector as a whole. A dedicated automatic calibration setup is currently under development at the Technical University of Munich. This setup will automatically calibrate the assembled optical modules for the usage anticipated in the deep sea, such as detection of neutrinos or bioluminescence in the Ocean. This contribution discusses the optical module features and the setup preliminary performance, planned operations, as well as some initial implementations of the measurements into the simulation toolkit.
Speaker: Vincent Gousy-Leblanc (Technical University of Munich (TUM)) -
175
Optical Time Projection Chamber for the Realization of a Ton-Scale Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Demonstrator
Finding evidence of neutrinoless double beta decay would reveal the Majorana nature of the neutrino and give insight into the origins of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe, the smallness of neutrino mass, and the symmetry structure of the Standard Model. The NEXT collaboration is developing a sequence of high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers with the aim of creating a ton-scale, very low background neutrinoless double beta decay search. NEXT-CRAB (Camera Readout And Barium tagging) demonstrates new designs that enable scaling NEXT beyond the ton scale and ultimately provide a background free signal, enabling measurements that probe the normal neutrino mass ordering. To do this we are employing several novel techniques, one of which is using direct VUV imaging of the electroluminescence with a TimePix3 camera and image intensifier. This poster will present the latest results of the first high resolution 3 dimensional tracks with an optical xenon gas time projection chamber where all the readout devices are outside the vessel. This technique improves radiopurity, reduces heat load, is easily scalable and opens the cathode plane for incorporation of barium tagging, a novel technique developed to distinguish each time the daughter nucleus of double beta decay is within the detector volume.
Speaker: Leslie Rogers (argonne national laboratory) -
176
Performance of the Active Background Suppression of LEGEND-200 and Background Index
The discovery of neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) would definitively prove both that lepton number is not a fundamental symmetry in nature and that neutrinos are their own antiparticles. Furthermore, being a purely matter-creating process, it would be pivotal for our best theories of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our universe. LEGEND (Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless double beta Decay) is a multiphase program to search for ($0\nu \beta \beta$) in ${}^{76}Ge$, the first phase of which, LEGEND-200, is currently running at LNGS in Italy with an eventual discovery sensitivity at a half-life of $10^{27}$ years. To reach this sensitivity LEGEND has several layers of active background mitigation to ensure backgrounds are as low as possible namely: a multiplicity cut for events in multiple detectors, the Liquid Argon coincidence cut and Pulse Shape Discrimination in the individual detectors. Legend has been in stable data taking now for more than 1 year with over 100 kg of Ge detectors and here the overall performance of the active background suppression in terms of the background index will be presented alongside the unblinding strategy and methodology.
This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilities.
Speaker: George Marshall (UCL) -
177
Performance Optimization of a Short-Baseline Neutrino Beamline at CERN
In the framework of Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) initiative at CERN, a concept for a short-baseline neutrino beamline is currently being studied. Particularly, the ENUBET and NuTag collaborations that previously designed different versions of short and long baseline monitored and tagged neutrino beams are now collaborating towards a common design and conceptual feasibility study. Within the scope of the Conventional Beams working group at CERN, this short-baseline design, designated "SBL Neutrino Beamline (SBL)", provides, if approved, the unique opportunity to perform a high-precision (O(1%)) measurement of the electron neutrino cross-section in the low-GeV neutrino energy range.
A key parameter for the operation and ultimately the feasibility of such a beamline is its efficiency, i.e., the optimization of the number of required protons on target to achieve the goal of a cumulative flux of $10^{4}$ electron neutrinos in a near detector.
In this contribution, the current design for the short baseline as well as a conceptual study of an alternative long baseline is presented. In addition, a state-of-the art optimization framework is presented. The optimized design for the short baseline features significant performance improvements over the previously studied alternative.Speaker: Marc Andre Jebramcik (CERN) -
178
Performances of the DUNE Vertical Drift Technology anodes
The DUNE Far Detector will consist of four Liquid Argon TPC modules. One module will use the newly proposed Vertical Drift Technology, where the anode is made of 2 stacked drilled PCBs. A large scale prototype has been assembled at the CERN Neutrino Platform (ProtoDUNE-VD) and will start collecting cosmic data in fall 2024.
The ProtoDUNE-VD is made of 4 anode modules, which have all been individually tested in a dedicated fully instrumented small-scale cryostat. This poster will show the performances of the 4 anodes in terms of noise and calorimetric response. Two anode assembly procedures have been tested and their performances will be compared. Finally, charge and light signals were matched and first results will be presented in the poster.Speaker: Laura Zambelli (LAPP CNRS/IN2P3) -
179
Photo-Detectors readout in the 2nd DUNE Far Detector: readout in cryogenic and high voltage environment
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next generation long baseline neutrino experiment aiming to provide insight towards the main outstanding questions in neutrino physics. It will operate four enormous far detector modules, placed 1300 km from the baseline 1.5 km underground.
The second of these far detectors will consist of a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), as well as a Photo-Detection (PD) System that will provide complementary information for timing, position reconstruction and calorimetry. The work presented here concerns the PD system, presenting the design of its readout electronics. To enhance the coverage of the PD system and improve its uniformity, detectors will be positioned on the high voltage surface of the cathode. A "Signal-over-Fiber" concept was thus developed, to transmit the signals using only non-conductive materials. It is complemented by a "Power-over-Fiber" technology that allows to power these electronics using powerful lasers. This poster presents the design and the characterisation of these electronics, as well as the results of the integration tests carried out at the CERN Neutrino Platform.Speaker: Sabrina Sacerdoti (APC) -
180
Photo-induced Charge Calibration R&D for nEXO
The nEXO experiment, a pioneering initiative aimed at searching for the elusive neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe, sets an ambitious half-life sensitivity target exceeding $10^{28}$ years. The project utilizes a 5-tonne liquid xenon (LXe) Time Projection Chamber (TPC), right-cylindrical with a diameter of $1.3$ m. Achieving precise calibration of the detector's ionization and scintillation responses is paramount, necessitating innovative strategies to overcome the LXe's inherent self-shielding capability, which complicates the use of external radioactive sources. Strategic injection of $^{220}$Rn and $^{127}$Xe isotopes into the xenon is planned to reach the innermost volume of the detector. Yet, to enhance calibration precision and to mitigate potential risks, University of Massachusetts Amherst leads the development of a method for in-situ generation and monitoring of drift electrons, and the light response of silicon photomultipliers within LXe. This novel approach is demonstrated using a small-scale, LXe dual grid ionization chamber, looking forward to enabling continuous monitoring of ionization electron lifetimes. Our poster presents the status, including preliminary results of this effort, highlighting the possible integration of gold photocathodes into the nEXO framework.
Speaker: Devin Cesmecioglu (University of Massachusetts Amherst) -
181
Physics opportunities at the ESSnuSB/ESSnuSB+ setup
ESSnuSB (European Spallation Source neutrino Super-beam) is an upcoming accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiment which aims to measure the leptonic CP violation phase by measuring at the second oscillation maximum. The neutrinos produced in the ESS will be detected at a distance of 360 km using half megaton underground water Cherenkov neutrino detector. Additionally, there is a proposal to build a low energy muon storage ring (LEnuSTORM) similar to the nuSTORM project and to build a low energy monitored neutrino beam line (LEMNB), inspired by the ENUBET project. These neutrinos will be detected at several near detectors located at the ESS site. In this poster, I will present the results of the physics scenarios which can be studied in this ESSnuSB+ setup. These physics scenarios can be: (i) beam based scenarios at the far and near detectors, for example, study of neutrino oscillations in standard three flavour scenario and several new physics scenarios (including sterile neutrino, non-standard interaction, quantum decoherence, neutrino decay etc) and (ii) non-beam based scenarios at the far detector, for example study of atmospheric neutrinos and supernova neutrinos. My focus in this poster will be to present results related to beam based physics results in the standard scenario and the results for supernova neutrinos.
Speaker: Monojit Ghosh (Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia) -
182
Pile-up rejection for AMoRE-II
In the neutrinoless double beta decay search using a low-temperature detector technique such as AMoRE, one of the major background sources at the energy range of interest is an accidental coincidence of two background signals at one crystal detector, so-called pile-up. While a large mass$\cdot$time exposure is the key parameter of the experimental sensitivity, the pile-up event rate ultimately limits the crystal size, which determines the number of detector modules and data acquisition channels. For a typical AMoRE crystal detector with a cylindrical shape of 6 cm in both diameter and height and 2-3 millisecond signal rise-time, the pile-up event rate in AMoRE-II with ~360 detector modules can be suppressed down below 3$\times10^{-5}$ counts/keV/kg/year level using multivariate analysis of pulse shape parameters.
Speaker: Yoomin Oh (Center for Underground Physics, Institute for Basic Science (CUP/IBS)) -
183
PISCES two-detector covariance matrix fit for the NOvA Experiment
NOvA is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with two functionally identical detectors, a Near Detector (ND) at Fermilab, placed 1km from the neutrino source, and a Far Detector (FD) located 810 km away from the ND in Minnesota. NOvA’s primary physics goals are to measure the neutrino oscillation parameters $\theta_{23}$ and $\Delta m^2_{32}$ with high precision, determine the neutrino mass hierarchy, and constrain the value of $\delta_{CP}$, primarily via the study of muon neutrino to electron neutrino oscillation. Furthermore, NOvA is also able to probe sterile neutrino oscillations via the study of neutrino events depletion in neutral current interactions between the Near and Far Detector. Extracting values for oscillation parameters from fits to data usually relies on treating systematic uncertainties as nuisance parameters, which suffers from poor scalability as the number of uncertainties becomes larger. In this poster, we present PISCES (Parameter Inference with Systematic Covariance and Exact Statistics), a novel method that circumvents this scalability problem by encoding systematic uncertainties into a covariance matrix. PISCES utilizes a nested minimization in which optimal systematic pulls are first computed using the covariance matrix, then the oscillation parameters are profiled with a fitter. As it solves for each oscillation channel within each sample independently, PISCES also has the advantage of supporting complex fits, such as a joint Near and Far detector fit. Moreover, it treats statistical uncertainties with a Poisson Likelihood term, so it is ideal for the inclusion of low-statistic samples in the fits. This method has been used to produce the most recent results from NOvA’s search for sterile neutrinos, presented in this poster. The PISCES two-detector fit can also be applied to the NOvA three-flavor analysis where extensive robustness tests of the method have been carried out and the resulting performance is presently shown.
Speaker: Miriama Rajaoalisoa (University of Cincinnati) -
184
Possibility of the sterile neutrino search with NINJA
Although the standard 3-flavor framework has been firmly established and
the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations is very well understood within this
framework, there are anomalies in the experimental data which cannot be ac-
commodated in this scenario. One of the explanations for these anomalies is
the extension of the 3-flavor paradigm with an additional sterile neutrino.
Although it is theoretically very well motivated to extend SM with a such new
SU(2) singlet, its existence is yet to be established experimentally.
NINJA experiment is designed to measure neutrino-nucleus cross-sections using
nuclear emulsion films and a high-intensity neutrino beam from J-PARC. This
short-baseline experiment allows to explore different physics cases apart from
the neutrino-nucleus cross-section measurement. One of them is the search for
the sterile neutrino at the eV scale. In this poster, I will explore sensitivity of
the NINJA experiment in order to put constraints on sterile neutrino parame-
ters in the future runs. In this context, I will show the effect of different flux
options probed at the different target materials.Speaker: Doris Barčot (Ruđer Bošković Institute) -
185
Present status of experiment for Zirconium-96 two neutrino emission double beta decay
ZICOS is a one of future experiments for neutrinoless double beta decay using $^{96}$Zr nuclei. In order to achieve sensitivity over $10^{27}$ years, ZICOS will use tons of $^{96}$Zr, and need to remove $^{208}$Tl background events as observed by KamLAND-Zen one order of magnitude. For this purpose, we have developed new technique to distinguish the signal and background using a topology of Cherenkov light. In order to demonstrate this method, we are planning to observe about 100 $^{96}$Zr two neutrino emission double beta decay events per year using 1 little of ZICOS liquid scintillator containing 0.4 g of $^{96}$Zr filled in 2$\nu$-ZICOS detector. Here, we will report a present status of this experiment which will start the observation in this summer.
Speaker: Yoshiyuki Fukuda (Miyagi University of Education) -
186
Probing new physics with astrophysical neutrinos
During a core-collapse supernova, a large fraction of neutrinos come out from the proto-neutron star. Some of these neutrinos pair annihilate to produce an electron-positron pair. This process in the fireball is the main source of large GRB energy. In this poster, I will discuss interesting constraints on $Z^\prime$ couplings obtained from GRB observations. I will also discuss that the active-sterile neutrino oscillation in the ultralight dark matter background can also resolve the long-standing problems for the pulsar kick.
Speaker: Tanmay Kumar Poddar (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
187
Progress and future of neutrino-less double-beta decay search by the KamLAND-Zen experiment
Neutrino-less double-beta (0νββ) decay is a rare nuclear process with profound implications for verifying the Majorana nature of neutrinos and determining their masses. The Majorana nature of neutrinos is crucial for understanding neutrino properties and the origin of the matter-dominant universe.
The KamLAND-Zen experiment, located at the Kamioka underground laboratory in Japan, has been at the forefront of the search for 0νββ decays for more than a decade. The experiment started a search for 0νββ decay of xenon-136 nuclei in 2011 (KamLAND-Zen 400), which was upgraded in 2019 by doubling the number of xenon nuclei and a tenfold reduction in uranium and thorium contamination (KamLAND-Zen 800). In addition, many new analytical technics has been developed, including particle identification with neural network. A combined analysis of the KamLAND-Zen 400 and 800 dataset has provided the world's most stringent limits on the effective Majorana neutrino mass of 36-156 meV with different nuclear matrix elements. This result establishes KamLAND-Zen as a pioneering effort in the global pursuit to unravel the fundamental properties of the neutrino.
The KamLAND-Zen collaboration has taken the next step forward: The upcoming phase of KamLAND-Zen, KamLAND2-Zen, will employ a new high light-yield liquid scintillator, light collecting mirror, high quantum efficiency photomultipliers and new readout electronics to increase sensitivity.
This poster presentation aims to outline the current status and future directions of research and development for the KamLAND2-Zen experiment.Speaker: Nanami Kawada (RCNS, Tohoku Univ.) -
188
Progress Towards Measuring the Ultra-High Energy Neutrino Flux with the Askaryan Radio Array
Ultra-High Energy (UHE) neutrinos, those with energy greater than 100 PeV, have yet to be observed but are theorized to originate from astrophysical and cosmogenic sources. The Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) is a UHE neutrino observatory located at the South Pole that was built to discover such UHE neutrinos. ARA is composed of 5 stations that are each made up of vertically and horizontally polarized radio antennas installed up to 190 meters deep in the Antarctic glacier. The fifth of these stations has a phased array component that allows for lower threshold observations. Previous ARA measurements have demonstrated the ability to reject anthropogenic backgrounds and set leading limits on the UHE neutrino flux below ~20 EeV as measured by radio experiments thus far. The ARA stations have accumulated more than 30 station-years worth of data, of which only a fraction has been analyzed and published. A concerted effort to analyze the full livetime of data in all of the ARA stations is currently underway, with significant effort from multiple institutions of the collaboration. The search through this data set builds on previous analyses and aims to coordinate analysis strategies across stations to optimize for discovery. This poster summarizes the ARA collaboration’s presently ongoing neutrino search of all data taken from 2013 through 2021, which will discover the first UHE neutrino or set the strongest radio limit on their flux in the 1-100 EeV energy range.
Speaker: Abby Bishop (University of Wisconsin Madison) -
189
Reactor neutrino flux and spectrum measurements with Daya Bay full data set
The Daya Bay experiment has accumulated the world’s largest reactor antineutrino sample, which enables several critical precise measurements. Based on about 4.7 million inverse beta decay (IBD) candidates recorded at the Daya Bay near detectors throughout their entire operational lifespan, we present the latest measurements of reactor antineutrino flux and spectrum in this poster. Specifically, the rate analysis of the reactor antineutrino flux offers precise measurements of the average IBD yield, the fuel-dependent variation in the IBD yield, and the isotopic IBD yields of $^{235}U$ and $^{239}Pu$. Concerning the reactor antineutrino energy spectrum, we report the precise measurements of the overall IBD yield spectrum and the isotopic spectra of $^{235}U$ and $^{239}Pu$. Furthermore, the reactor antineutrino energy spectra are unfolded from observed reconstructed energy to neutrino energy in order to facilitate the comparison and prediction for other experiments.
Speaker: Dr Yang HAN (Sun Yat-sen University) -
190
Real-time detection of Supernova Neutrinos in XENONnT
XENONnT is a state-of-the-art dark matter and neutrinos experiment hosted at the Laboratori Nationali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), in Italy. In its core, the experiment runs a time projection chamber (TPC) with an active target of 5.9 t of the liquid xenon at very low background conditions and keV-level energy threshold.
Although primarily developed to detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) that scatter of xenon nuclei, the detector will also be sensitive to neutrinos coming from a supernova (SN) burst, within and beyond the Milky Way. These neutrinos interact through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS), a flavour-blind process that enhances the number of interacting neutrinos when compared with most neutrino detectors. Neutrinos from galactic SNe would also be observed in the ~700 t water-based muon and neutron vetoes of the experiment, increasing its sensitivity and discrimination potential.
With its tonne-scale target, low background rate, and ancillary water-based vetoes, XENONnT is capable of actively contributing to the SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS). In this poster we describe the sensitivity to galactic and extragalactic SNe of XENONnT and the framework developed to quickly and effectively communicate any potential SN burst to the SNEWS network in a matter of minutes.Speaker: Ricardo José Mota Peres -
191
Recent Advancements in Machine Learning Techniques Utilised in NOvA
The NOvA experiment uses the ~1 MW NuMI beam from Fermilab to study neutrino oscillations over a long distance. The experiment is focused on measuring electron neutrino appearance and muon neutrino disappearance at its Far detector situated in Ash River, Minnesota. NOvA was the first experiment in High Energy Physics to apply convolutional neural networks to the classification of neutrino interactions and the composite particles in a physics measurement. Currently, NOvA is crafting new deep-learning techniques to improve interpretability, robustness, and performance for future physics analyses. This poster will cover the advancements in deep-learning-based reconstruction methods being utilised in NOvA.
Speaker: Alexander Booth (Queen Mary University of London) -
192
Recent FASER Results and Development of Neutrino Energy Reconstruction for the FASERnu Detector
The ForwArd Search ExpeRiment (FASER) is located at the LHC at CERN, investigating long-lived, weakly interacting particles produced in the far-forward region of the ATLAS interaction point. The FASER$\nu$ detector is composed of alternating emulsion films and tungsten plates, with multiple yearly exposures, and focuses on high-energy collider neutrino interactions in the TeV regime, with the goal of extending current cross-section measurements in this new energy range. Both electron and muon neutrinos were detected by FASER$\nu$, and the first cross-section measurements in this energy range have been performed. To improve future results, the incident neutrino energy must be reconstructed using topological and kinematic variables of final state particles. For this purpose, we investigate the use of Neural Network techniques for the energy reconstruction. In this poster, recent FASER results and neutrino energy reconstruction methods developed are reported.
Speaker: Jeremy Atkinson (Universität Bern) -
193
Recent frequentist T2K oscillation analysis results and Hyper-Kamiokande sensitivity to accelerator neutrino oscillations
This poster presents the most recent T2K oscillation analysis results using 3.78×10^21
protons on target (POT) and highlights the expected sensitivity to the neutrino oscillation
parameters for the forthcoming next generation experiment in Japan - Hyper-Kamiokande
(Hyper-K).
By employing advanced methods for neutrino interaction modeling and neutrino flux
prediction, T2K data are analyzed to refine measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters
and explore CP violation in the lepton sector of the Standard Model. It is the first T2K
oscillation analysis including data after Gd loading in Super-K corresponding to 0.17x10^21
POT for neutrino mode. In addition, it includes an improved detector covariance matrix and a
new decay electron selection cut for both MC and data selection at Super-Kamiokande. A
90% confidence interval for the dCP parameter ranging from -3.04 to -0.34, and the p-value
for inverted ordering hypothesis of 0.0603 are some of the obtained results.
Looking forward to the Hyper-K era, comprehensive sensitivity studies were conducted
using inputs from previous T2K analyses and a new frequentist fitter. These studies
demonstrate Hyper-K's potential to further constrain oscillation parameters, offering valuable
insights for precise measurement and CP violation discovery. For instance, sensitivity studies
for dCP indicate that, with a true dCP of -π/2, CP violation can be determined with a 5-sigma
confidence level after 2 years of Hyper-K operation, achieving approximately 22% precision
for the dCP parameter.Speaker: Denis Carabadjac (LLR/CEA) -
194
Recent ultra-high energy neutrino searches at the Pierre Auger Observatory
Besides detecting ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, the Pierre Auger Observatory with its large Surface Detector array can also be used to search for neutrinos above $10^{17} \mathrm{eV}$. Using the data collected with the Observatory we have searched for both diffuse and point source fluxes of UHE neutrinos and to set some of the most stringent upper limits in the UHE range. Since its start it has also contributed to various multi-messenger follow-up searches of transient events. This contribution aims to present a summary of the various ongoing studies on the search for UHE neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Updated upper limits to the diffuse flux of UHE neutrinos along with the latest results from UHE neutrino searches from binary black hole mergers will be presented. Additionally, potential improvements for the point source neutrino searches at the Pierre Auger Observatory with new techniques will also be discussed.
Speaker: Srijan Sehgal (University of Wuppertal) -
195
Reconstruction in the DUNE Near Detector Muon Spectrometer
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), currently under construction, will use a high-intensity neutrino beam from Fermilab and observe the neutrinos in the near detector based at Fermilab and the far detector complex located at SURF. The DUNE near detector complex will host a suite of detectors that are currently in development. The experiment will make precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters including the CP violation phase and the mass ordering. It is also sensitive to neutrinos from galactic supernovas.
One of the near detectors is The Muon Spectrometer (TMS) that will primarily detect and measure properties of the muons resulting from neutrino interactions exiting the preceding near detector. TMS will consist of alternating layers of plastic scintillators, in form of bars, and steel. The scintillator bars will be read out by WLS fibers and SiPMs and detect the scintillation light created by through-going charged particles.
The performance for different detector geometries was studied and will be presented in this poster.Speaker: Asa Nehm -
196
Reconstruction of muon events with the CUORE experiment
Located underground, at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, the Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay experiment employing bolometric detectors. CUORE consists of an array of 988 TeO$_2$ crystals acting as both the source and the detector for the search of $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay in 206 kg of $^{130}$Te. Although the CUORE experiment is not optimized to be a particle tracker, the geometry and segmentation of CUORE allow the in-situ reconstruction of track-like events, such as cosmic-ray muons that do not get attenuated by the Gran Sasso mountains. The reconstruction of this kind of events in a 3D calorimeter lattice is a novel technique. In this poster, I present studies on the in-situ reconstruction of muon events and related induced backgrounds as well as the implications for CUPID, CUORE's successor.
Speaker: Jorge Alberto Torres Espinosa -
197
Reliability of calculated nuclear matrix element of two-neutrino double-β decay
The nuclear matrix element (NME) of neutrinoless double-β (0vββ) decay is an essential theoretical input for determining the neutrino effective mass, if the half-life of this decay is measured. The NME is also necessary for the detector design for the next generation of the 0vββ decay search. Reliable calculation of this NME has been a long-standing problem because of the diversity of the predicted values of the NME, which depends on the calculation method. A problem of the NME of the two-neutrino double-β (2vββ) decay of Xe-136 has been reported four years ago. The running sum for this NME of the shell model and the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) were quite different. This means that the components of the NME are quite different depending on the calculations, and this problem affects the reliability of the predicted 0vββ NME.
In my poster presentation, first, I clarify that the cause of the problem is not the theoretical differences of the shell model and the QRPA; this is seen from available examples. Second, I clarify that the cause is in the interaction strengths; this is shown by my calculations and analytical discussion. In particular, it is seen that a decreasing behavior of the running sum at the energy of the Gamow-Teller giant resonance indicates a larger interaction strength than that of other calculations with less or no decreasing behavior. It is also shown that my interaction strength is appropriate by comparisons with experimental data related to the double-β decay.Speaker: Jun Terasaki (Czech Technical University in Prague) -
198
RES-NOVA - Detecting astrophysical neutrinos using archaeological-Pb-based cryogenic detectors
The RES-NOVA project hunts neutrinos from the cosmos (e.g. Sun, Supernovae) via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) using an array of archaeological lead (Pb) based cryogenic detectors. The high CEνNS cross-section on Pb and the ultra-high radiopurity of archaeological Pb enable the operation of a highly sensitive neutrino observatory, equally sensitive to all neutrino flavors, with dimensions at the cm-scale. The first phase of the RES-NOVA project is planning to operate a demonstrator detector with a total volume of about (30 cm)3. It will be sensitive to SN bursts from the entire Milky Way Galaxy with >3σ sensitivity while running PbWO4 detectors with a 1 keV energy threshold. The main SN parameters can potentially be constrained with high precision while looking at (anti-)νμ/τ. The innovative experimental approach allows for delivering important physics results also in other astroparticle physics sectors (e.g. Dark Matter) even when no SN is observed.
In this poster, the potential of this new experimental approach will be outlined, as well as complementary aspects with the currently used technologies. In addition, the experimental sensitivity and the performance of the first prototype detectors will be shown.Speaker: Luca Pattavina (UNIMIB) -
199
Research and Development of Jinping Neutrino Experiment
The Jinping Neutrino Experiment (JNE) is conducted at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL), the deepest underground facility globally. JNE focuses on researching solar neutrinos, geo-neutrinos, supernova neutrinos, and neutrinoless double beta decay. The Jinping Neutrino one-ton prototype, located in CJPL-I, has completed measurements of cosmic rays and background. Currently, JNE is planning the construction of a low-background, multi-hundred-ton neutrino detector in CJPL-II by the end of 2026. Through simulations, the detector's geometry has been optimized, and structural design is finalized. The foundation pit excavation in D2 Hall of CJPL-II is complete. The upcoming detector will utilize novel 8-inch MCP-PMTs, currently undergoing testing. Our self-developed ADC have been tested on the one-ton prototype. Additionally, oil and water-based slow liquid scintillators (SLSs) have been developed. Reconstruction algorithms for SLSs have also been devised, enabling particle identification of electrons, gamma rays, and protons in the MeV-scale.
Speaker: Wentai Luo (Tsinghua University) -
200
Results from the CUPID-Mo Experiment
CUPID-Mo has served as a successful demonstrator experiment for CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle ID), the planned next-generation upgrade of CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events), a ton scale cryogenic calorimetric $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay experiment. CUPID-Mo operated at Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) in France as an array of 20 enriched Li$_{2}$MoO$_{4}$ (LMO) cylindrical scintillating crystals (~200g ea.) each featuring a Ge light detector (LD) to collect scintillation light from the LMO. A dual mode of energy collection (heat from LMO and light from LDs) allows for event-by-event discrimination of $\alpha$ vs $\beta/\gamma$'s which reduces the background from degraded $\alpha$'s. CUPID-Mo has an energy resolution of ~7.4 keV (FWHM) at 3034 keV, complete $\alpha$ vs $\beta/\gamma$ discrimination and very low radioactive contamination.
Here we show the recent results of the analysis on the full CUPID-Mo exposure, showcasing improved analysis techniques with a focus on the development of the CUPID-Mo background model and latest results relating to the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay half-life and spectrum. The background model was validated on a $^{56}$Co calibration dataset and is shown to describe the data quite well. We demonstrated the radiopurity of the LMO crystals meet CUPID goals and has an exceptionally low background index in the 3 MeV region of interest of ~2.7 x 10$^{-3}$ counts/keV/kg/yr. Owing to the relatively fast half-life and exceptionally well performing background model we also are able to show an updated result on the half-life of ~7.07 x 10$^{18}$ yr with a relative precision of 1.6% making it the most precise measurement to-date in $^{100}$Mo. Owing to the relatively fast half-life we are able to comment on the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay spectral shape, constraining higher order corrections. CUPID-Mo also performed a novel measurement of the shape factor, and extracted a value for the axial vector coupling constant.
Speaker: Pia Loaiza (IJCLab - IN2P3) -
201
Results from the Joint NOvA-T2K Analysis
NOvA and T2K represent the two current-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. Their complementarity in terms of detector design, analysis strategy, baseline, and neutrino beam energy has the potential to provide further insight into the observed degeneracies in the oscillation parameter space. The first joint NOvA-T2K analysis incorporates datasets from each experiment into a unified framework using the detailed likelihoods and consistent statistical treatment across the full dimensionality. This poster outlines the methods and results from the joint analysis, which demonstrates the simultaneous compatibility of both datasets and provides a strong constraint on $|\Delta m^2_{32}|$.
Speaker: Kathryn Sutton (Caltech) -
202
Results from the MINOS+ Experiment
The MINOS(+) experiment has pioneered the two-detector method used for neutrino oscillation physics widely used today. It collected data from 2005 to 2016 using two tracking iron scintillator calorimeters, a Near detector close to the NuMI neutrino beam source at Fermilab, and a Far detector 735km away, deep underground in the Soudan Mine in Minnesota. An improved analysis of the full beam data set will be presented, looking at how different phenomena such as meson-exchange-currents may affect the MINOS results, and also how the results are affected by applying external data constraints.
Speakers: Prof. Adam Aurisano (University of Cincinnati), Dr Anna Holin (RAL-STFC), Prof. Karol Lang (University of Texas at Austin) -
203
Results of a search for Gamma-Ray Counterparts of IceCube Neutrino Events in the AGILE Public Archive
The search for gamma ray counterparts of IceCube neutrino events is of paramount important for understanding the role of blazars as candidate sources of cosmic high energy neutrinos. We have searched in the AGILE gamma-ray satellite public archive the counterparts of a sample of IceCube neutrinos events detected between September 2018 and March 2020. We present the candidate sources in the error box centered on the detected neutrinos and their multi-frequency light curves and Spectral Energy Distributions, providing estimates of the gamma ray flux above 100 MeV for the AGILE detections. The possible associations with blazars and the role of blazar type are discussed.
Speaker: Prof. Rosa Poggiani (PI) -
204
Results of the follow-up of external triggers with KM3NeT
The strength of multi-messenger astronomy allows to deeply investigate the Universe by combining observations with diverse messengers, such as photons, gravitational waves, high-energy charged particles and neutrinos. The chance of detecting new astrophysical sources is increased by a coincident detection, which motivates several observatories to send external alerts and perform follow-ups.
The deep-sea KM3NeT Cherenkov telescope is currently being constructed in the Mediterranean sea with ORCA off-shore Toulon (France), and ARCA off-shore Capo Passero in Sicily (Italy). Being sensitive to an extended neutrino energy range (from MeV to PeV energies), KM3NeT is playing an active role in the context of multimessenger astronomy.
This contribution presents the latest results of the real-time search (follow-up) for neutrinos in coincidence with astrophysical sources performed with the real-time multi-messenger analysis framework.Speaker: Ilaria Del Rosso (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
205
Scintillation and Cherenkov Light Separation in Novel Liquid Scintillators for Large Scale Neutrino Detectors
The separate observation of Cherenkov and scintillation light in liquid scintillation media and thus the extraction of a directional signal and excellent energy and vertex resolution holds great potential in current R&D projects for large scale neutrino detectors like JUNO or Theia. This method offers promising prospects in background suppression methodologies. In particular, the ability to identify and thereby reduce the unshieldable background of solar neutrino events provides a decisive improvement of liquid scintillation detectors searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay. This potential arises from the combination of newly developed slow liquid scintillators doped with potential double beta decay candidates tellurium or xenon and state-of-the-art photon sensors. To study the fundamental properties of these novel detection media, including slow liquid scintillators, a new setup exploiting the principle of time-correlated single photon counting with cutting-edge photomultiplier tubes is under commissioning at the Technical University of Munich (TUM). The experiment enables detailed studies of the probability density function of the photon emission from the scintillation medium including both Cherenkov and scintillation light. A separation can be achieved either by direct timing, geometry with respect to the Cherenkov light direction or chromatic sorting via optical bandpass filters. On the poster the design of this novel table-top experiment is presented as well as first measurement results with several organic liquid scintillator cocktails. This work has been supported by the Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+, the Cluster of Excellence ORIGINS as well as the Collaborative Research Center Neutrinos and Dark Matter in Astroparticle Physics (SFB1258) and the DFG Research Units 2319 and 5519.
Speakers: Dr Hans Th. J. Steiger (Technical University of Munich), Mr Meishu Lu (Technical University of Munich) -
206
Search for 10-1,000 GeV neutrinos from GRBs, including the very bright GRB 221009A
We searched for 10-1,000 GeV neutrinos from 2,268 gamma-ray bursts of IceCube-DeepCore data collected between April 2012, and May 2020. We have also conducted the same search for the "brightest of all time" (BOAT) GRB 221009A. We find no evidence of neutrino emission from these GRBs. We present model-independent limits on neutrino emission from these GRBs for various time scales that overlap with prompt, precursor and early afterglow phases. If the fireball is baryon loaded, this leads to subphotospheric neutron-proton collisions. We find that GRB 221009A provides the most constraining limit on the baryon loading. Assuming a jet Lorentz factor of 300 (800), the baryon loading on GRB 221009A is lower than 3.85 (2.13) at a 90% confidence level. The canonical value of baryon loading in models is 5.
Speaker: Ignacio Taboada (Georgia Institute of Technology) -
207
Search for a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos with the complete ANTARES dataset
The ANTARES neutrino telescope took data from 2007 to 2022, collecting a high-purity sample of high-energy neutrinos. This sample can be used to search for a diffuse flux of cosmic neutrinos, emerging at the highest energies above the atmospheric backgrounds. A mild excess of cosmic neutrinos has been observed in the ANTARES dataset covering the first 11 years of data taking. In this contribution, the final update to such search will be presented, including all-flavour neutrino interactions collected over the 15-year lifespan of ANTARES, with an improved energy reconstruction and reduced systematic uncertainties.
Speaker: Luigi Antonio Fusco (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
208
Search for GeV counterparts to high-energy IceCube neutrinos
IceCube has made significant progress in identifying astrophysical sources of high-energy neutrinos. However, the majority of the majority of the astrophysical flux remains unexplained, prompting further investigation. To improve our understanding of this flux and its sources, it is important to investigate the presence of a component at lower neutrino energies. To this end, we propose a study that searches for GeV neutrinos associated with neutrino events above 60 TeV of reconstructed energy. Since the specialized event selection sensitive in this range is dominated by atmospheric backgrounds, we focus on a hypothesis of short transient neutrino sources, which would then produce both high-energy and GeV neutrino in time correlation. The classes of astrophysical transients already proposed as GeV neutrino sources such as collapsars serve to motivate the assumed emission time scale. In this poster, we show the statistical method and sensitivity of this search as well as the data quality checks to be performed.
Speaker: Christoph Raab (CP3 - UCLouvain) -
209
Search for high energy neutrinos in KM3NeT in coincidence with Fast Radio Bursts
The KM3NeT experiment is a next-generation neutrino telescope, consisting of the ORCA and ARCA detectors, organised as 3D arrays of light sensors, and immersed in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea. Identical in their design but differing by scale, ORCA aims at detecting neutrinos in the GeV-TeV range, while ARCA will focus on higher energies in the TeV-PeV range. Both detectors can contribute to the study of multi-messenger phenomena, that is observing different types of astrophysical messengers from the same source to infer the multiple aspects of the emitting source. Typically, these messengers are neutrinos, cosmic rays, gravitational waves and electromagnetic radiations.
Among the latter, Fast Radio Bursts (FRB) are good candidates for multi-messenger emissions due to the huge energy involved in their bursts. However, neutrino emissions from FRB sources are poorly constrained by models, which motivates a search across both detector energy ranges and does not exclude temporal coincidences. In this contribution, I will present the method and criteria of a multi-messenger analysis intended to search for spatial and temporal coincidences of astrophysical neutrino signals from the ARCA and ORCA detectors with a FRB catalogue on which a selection has been applied, taking into account the date and location of the observed bursts.Speaker: Félix Bretaudeau (KM3NeT Collaboration) -
210
Search for the leptonic CP violation with the ESSnuSBplus project
The measurement of the unexpectedly high value of the third neutrino mixing angle, $\theta_{13}$, opened the possibility of measuring the Dirac leptonic CP violating angle, $\delta_{CP}$ , using intense neutrino beams. The European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam (ESS$\nu$SB) is a long-baseline neutrino project that aims in measuring CPV in the leptonic sector at the second of the $\nu_{\mu}$ to $\nu_{e}$ oscillation maximum, where the sensitivity is ∼ 3 times higher than that at the first maxima. The use of the 5 MW proton beam of the ESS linac combined to a ∼ cubic-km Water Cherenkov detector located at the second oscillation maximum paves the way to a precise measurement of $\delta_{CP}$. The ESS$\nu$SB CDR showed that after 10 years of data taking, more than 70% of the $\delta_{CP}$ range will be covered with 5$\sigma$ C.L. to reject the no-CP-violation hypothesis. The expected value of $\delta_{CP}$ precision is smaller than 8$^\circ$ for all $\delta_{CP}$ values.
The next phase of the project, the ESS$\nu$SB+, which started in 2023, aims in using the intense muon flux produced together with neutrinos to measure the neutrino-nucleus cross-section (the dominant term of the systematic uncertainty) in the energy range of 0.2 to 0.6 GeV, using a LEnuSTORM and a LEMNB facilities.In this poster, an overview of the concluded phase and an update on the first-year design-study of the current phase of the project will be presented.
Speaker: Tamer Tolba (University of Hamburg) -
211
Searches for point-like and extended sources of cosmic neutrinos with the complete ANTARES dataset
The high-energy neutrino telescope ANTARES was a $0.01 $~km$^3$ volume detector located in the Mediterranean Sea. It operated from 2007 until the beginning of 2022, accumulating more than 15 years of data. The ANTARES neutrino telescope main goal was to identify neutrinos from astrophysical sources particularly those of Galactic origin, using its sensitivity to neutrino coming from the Southern Sky with energies below 100 TeV, and its excellent angular resolution.
The ANTARES Collaboration has been consistently updating the results of these studies, incorporating all the data available at the time. With ANTARES decommissioned, the final update to this analysis using the complete dataset is presented and discussed in this contribution. The result includes a study of Galactic and extragalactic candidate sources for neutrino emission, both point-like or extended. Furthermore, it includes a search for neutrino clustering across the entire sky visible for the ANTARES telescope, along with a dedicated survey of the Galactic Plane.
Speaker: Sergio Alves Garre (Instituto de Física Corpuscular (CSIC-UV)) -
212
Searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay with NEXT-100
The NEXT experiment aims at the sensitive search of the neutrinoless double beta decay ($\beta\beta0\nu$) in $^{136}$Xe, using high-pressure gas electroluminescent time projection chambers. After the successful operation of the NEXT-White detector, which performed the first searches of the double beta decay with the novel NEXT technology using a limited amount of Xe ($\sim$5 kg), the collaboration has started the operation of the NEXT-100 detector. This detector, holding up to 80 kg of Xe at 15 bar, was installed during 2023 in the Laboratorio Subterr\'aneo de Canfranc (LSC), and it is currently undergoing a commissioning and calibration stage. NEXT-100 is equipped with 60 PMTs for the detection of the primary scintillation light and the energy measurement, as well as with 3584 SiPMs meant to provide the topological signature of the events. According to an extensive radiopurity screening campaign, and the energy resolution ($<1$% FWHM) and topology-based background rejection factors measured in NEXT-White, the expected background index in NEXT-100 is below 10$^{-3}$ counts/keV/kg/year. This corresponds to a sensitivity to the half-life of the $\beta\beta0\nu$ decay of 6$\times$10$^{25}$ yr (90% C.L.), after 3 years of data taking. This detector will also set the grounds for the construction of a ton-scale detector, NEXT-HD, boosting the sensitivity above 10$^{27}$ yr. Thus, after the first years of operation, NEXT-100 will be upgraded to demonstrate the advanced readout solutions to be implemented in NEXT-HD.
Speaker: Pau Novella (IFIC (UV-CSIC)) -
213
Seasonal variation of in-ice radio emission from neutrinos due to fluctuating ice density
Multiple experiments are utilizing the polar icecaps to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos via radio emission. They employ antennas embedded to depths of up to 200 metres. This places them within the firn layer, where the density and hence refractive index increase with depth. Glaciological models demonstrate that the firn density varies with time over a seasonal timescale. The resulting variable refractive index will transform the properties of in-ice radio signals, resulting in a systematic uncertainty in the reconstruction of the neutrino energy and arrival direction. An effort to quantify these uncertainties is underway by simulating radio propagation for a range of source and receiver positions at Summit station, Greenland, with the refractive index based on ice core measurements and glaciological modeling. Our first observation is that the amplitude and arrival time of the secondary or ‘refracted’ signal is generally variable, including for deep neutrino interaction depths on the order of the radio attenuation length.
Speaker: Alexander Kyriacou (University of Kansas) -
214
Sedimentation and Biological Fouling at the future site of the Pacific-Ocean Neutrino Experiment
The Pacific-Ocean Neutrino Experiment (P-ONE) is a high energy neutrino telescope under development off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada. A construction site has been chosen in the Cascadia Basin, a large flat seabed on the Juan de Fuca plate. The P-ONE collaboration previously operated the STRings for Absorption length in Water (STRAW) and STRAW-b pathfinder missions. These instruments measured the water attenuation length and background light spectrum and were deployed to the Cascadia Basin site in 2018 and 2020 respectively. Both moorings were retrieved in July 2023. Measurements were made of the evolution of the optical surfaces on STRAW, showing a fouling effect on upwards facing modules near the seafloor. A pre-recovery survey and the retrieval showed both a buildup of sediment as well as colonization by marine organisms, and samples were taken for identification. The change in transmission efficiency has been measured across the five year lifespan of the original STRAW detector. Biologically inspired models have been used to model and help understand the time dependence of fouling on the glass housing. This contribution covers the measurements, modelling and identification of sedimentation and biological fouling in the P-ONE pathfinders as well as the ongoing development of mitigation strategies.
Speaker: Jakub Stacho (Simon Fraser University) -
215
Seesaw Effective Field Theories at One-loop Level
Neutrino physics has entered into the precision era. The unprecedented accuracy in the experimental measurement necessitates reliable theoretical predictions at the loop level. In order to confront neutrino mass models at high-energy scales with low-energy precision data, we accomplish a complete one-loop matching of canonical seesaw models onto the Standard Model Effective Field Theories and derive the Wilson coefficients of all dimension-six operators. Together with the relevant renormalization-group equations, this provides a self-consistent theoretical framework to carry out one-loop calculations of low-energy observables and test neutrino mass models.
Speaker: Shun Zhou (Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) -
216
Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory to the gamma-ray emission from neutrino sources detected by IceCube
Gamma-ray observations of astrophysical neutrino sources are fundamentally important for understanding the underlying neutrino production mechanisms. We investigate the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) prospects for detecting the very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray counterparts to neutrino-emitting extragalactic sources. The performance of CTAO under different configurations (including the so-called "Alpha" and "Omega" configurations) is computed based on neutrino and gamma-ray simulations of steady sources and of flaring blazars, assuming that the neutrino events are detected with the IceCube neutrino telescope. The detection probability for CTAO is calculated for both sites of the Observatory, taking into account visibility constraints. We find that, under optimal observing conditions, within 30 minutes of observation, CTAO could detect the VHE gamma-ray emission associated with at least 3 neutrino events per year. We investigate the detectability of the blazars given either 1 or 5 h observation windows.
Speaker: Olga Sergijenko -
217
Sensitivity of the IceCube Upgrade to Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations
IceCube DeepCore, the existing low-energy extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, was designed to lower the neutrino detection energy threshold to the GeV range. A new extension, called the IceCube Upgrade, will consist of seven additional strings installed within the DeepCore fiducial volume. These new strings will host modules with spacings of about 20 m horizontally and 3 m vertically, compared to about 40-70 m horizontally and 7 m vertically in DeepCore. It will be deployed in the polar season of 2025/26. This additional hardware features new types of optical modules with multi-PMT configurations, as well as calibration devices. This upgrade will more than triple the number of PMT channels with respect to current IceCube, and will significantly enhance its capabilities in the GeV energy range. However, the increased channel count also poses new computational challenges for the event simulation, selection, and reconstruction. In this contribution we present updated oscillation sensitivities based on the latest advancements in simulation, event selection, and reconstruction techniques.
Speaker: Kayla Leonard DeHolton (Pennsylvania State University) -
218
Silicon Interposer for nEXO Experiment: An Ultra-Low-Radioactivity Solution for the SiPM Photo-detector
The nEXO experiment aims to study neutrinoless double-beta decay, requiring stringent control of radioactive backgrounds. Traditional printed circuit boards (PCBs) used for mounting Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) can introduce unacceptable levels of radioactivity. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a novel Silicon Interposer technology utilizing cutting-edge Through-Silicon Via (TSV) fabrication.
Manufactured from high-purity silicon wafers, the Silicon Interposer provides a low-radioactivity platform for mounting SiPMs while enabling high-density interconnections. We have produced three generations of prototypes, iteratively refining the design and manufacturing process.
The silicon interposers have undergone rigorous testing, including electrical characterization, mechanical assessments, temperature cycling, and signal integrity evaluation with mounted SiPMs. The results demonstrate successful integration, meeting the stringent radioactivity and performance requirements for the nEXO experiment.
This poster presents the innovative Silicon Interposer technology, detailing the design, fabrication process, and comprehensive test results. The Silicon Interposer offers a compelling low-radioactivity solution for SiPM mounting, enabling enhanced sensitivity in rare-event search experiments like nEXO.
Speakers: Mr Guofu Cao (Institute of High Energy Physics), Hanwen Wang (Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP)) -
219
Simulation and Evaluation of Surface Effects on LEGEND-200 Detectors
The LEGEND-200 experiment, currently running at LNGS, seeks to measure neutrinoless double beta decay in Ge-76 using a source=detector experimental setup with a discovery potential up over $10^{28}$ years and covering the inverted hierarchy. The sensitivity reach of this experiment is based on an accurate understanding of the expected backgrounds and the expected detector response to a wide variety of event topologies, in particular alpha and beta events impacting the corresponding passivated/n+ sensitive surfaces of the various LEGEND-200 detectors. To this end, we have developed a combined electromagnetic and Geant4 simulation framework which can model the full detector response based on known detector efforts such as surface charge. In this poster we will present the setup of these simulations and their results as well as an estimate for the potential effect of the detector response to the overall LEGEND-200 background budget.
Acknowledgements:
This work is supported by the U.S. DOE and the NSF, the LANL, ORNL and LBNL LDRD programs; the European ERC and Horizon programs; the German DFG, BMBF, and MPG; the Italian INFN; the Polish NCN and MNiSW; the Czech MEYS; the Slovak SRDA; the Swiss SNF; the UK STFC; the Russian RFBR; the Canadian NSERC and CFI; the LNGS, SNOLAB, and SURF facilities.
Speaker: Alexander Leder (Los Alamos National Labratory) -
220
Simulation Status of the Tau Air-Shower Mountain-Based Observatory
While IceCube's detection astrophysical neutrinos at energies up to a few PeV has opened a new window to our Universe, much remains to be discovered regarding these neutrinos' origin and nature. In particular, the difficulty differentiating $\nu_{e}$ and $\nu_{𝜏}$ charged-current (CC) events in the energy limits our ability to measure precisely the flavor ratio of this flux. The Tau Air-Shower Mountain-Based Observatory (TAMBO) is a next-generation neutrino observatory capable of producing a high-purity sample of $\nu_{𝜏}$ CC events in the energy range from 1-100 PeV, i.e. just above the IceCube measurements. An array of water Cherenkov tanks and plastic scintillators deployed on one face of the Colca Canyon will observe the air-shower produced when a 𝜏 lepton, produced in a $\nu_{𝜏}$ CC interaction, emerges from the opposite face and decays in the air. In this contribution, I will present the current status of the TAMBO simulation, including preliminary sensitivities to various flux models and potential for point source searches.
Speaker: Jeffrey Lazar (University of Wisconsin–Madison) -
221
Simulations of the LiquidO-based CLOUD Inner Detecto
LiquidO is an innovative technology that uses opaque liquid scintillators for particle detection. A LiquidO scintillator combines a short scattering length and a long absorption length to confine optical photons close to their creation point. A fine array of wavelength-shifting fibres is used to collect and transport the scintillation light to readout SiPMs. A LiquidO detector will have unprecedented position resolution compared to current transparent scintillators and be capable of particle identification via event topology. Proof of principle has been demonstrated by two prototypes with a third currently under construction.
The CLOUD collaboration is designing a 5-10 ton LiquidO neutrino detector. This will be an above-ground ultra-near reactor neutrino detector located in the Chooz nuclear power plant in France. This detector is the byproduct of the AntiMatter-OTech EIC/UKRI-funded project, and has both research and industry capabilities such as measuring the absolute reactor anti-neutrino flux and reactor monitoring.
This poster will discuss simulations of the CLOUD inner detector including particle identification via event topology and fibre array design. In designing the fibre array we aim to optimise reconstruction along the fibres (z-direction) without compromising the reconstruction of energy or position perpendicular to the fibres (x and y). Two broad fibre array designs are considered: z-parallel and stereo shells. A z-parallel array could achieve mm resolution in x and y, with z-position obtained at lower resolution from signal timing and intensity differences. A stereo shell array would improve the resolution in z but presents challenges for the triggering and reconstruction of events as well as the construction of the detector.
Speaker: Susanna Wakely (JGU Mainz) -
222
Single source for Neutrino and Quark Mixing
In our model, all the CKM mixing of the quarks and MNS mixing of the leptons has one source, namely a mixing of the fermions of the Standard Model with a set of vector-like fermions in the context of SU(5) grand unification. Because the mixing of the 5 bar multiplets can be described by a single 3x3 matrix, a highly predictive model result. We showed that the 9 mass and mixing parameters of the neutrinos can be determined in terms of just 5 free parameters of the model. This leads to predictions of the Dirac CP phase of the neutrinos, the mass of the lightest neutrino and the two Majorana neutrino phases.
In this work, simple approximate analytical formulas for the predictions of the model are derived. So that as new measurements are made, revised predictions can easily be extracted. This would allow one to determine which measurements would best test the model without doing the entire global numerical fit over again. About the phenomenology of vector-like fermions, for the models involve the existence of new vector-like fermion multiplets, if these have masses near the weak scale, their phenomenology is worth investigating.
Speaker: Heng-Yu Chen -
223
Stacking Search for Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies with KM3NeT/ARCA Detector
On behalf of the KM3NeT Collaboration
KM3NeT/ARCA is a Cherenkov neutrino telescope currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, at 100 km off the Sicilian coast, near Capo Passero, and at about 3500 m depth. On its final configuration, the detector will instrument a cubic kilometer
volume of seawater. At the present moment, 28 detector units have been already deployed. In this contribution, we analyze a catalogue of 75 Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) as potential neutrino emitters, in light of the latest experiment data. In particular, we not only perform a single source search along the catalogue but also
conduct a binned likelihood stacking search. We present the 90% sensitivity on their emissions, also extrapolating these limits to the entire source population.Speaker: Antonio Ambrosone (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
224
Status of the BeEST Heavy Neutrino Search Experiment
The Beryllium Electron capture in Superconducting Tunnel junctions (BeEST) experiment searches for the signatures of heavy neutrino mass eigenstates by measuring the recoil energy of the Li-7 daughter nucleus from Be-7 electron capture decay. In Phase-II, BeEST has set leading limits on neutrino mixing to a heavy eigenstate in the 100-850 keV mass range using a single superconducting tunnel junction detector. The current Phase-III has expanded the BeEST experiment to a 32-pixel STJ array detector and increased the dose of implanted Be-7. In this poster, we present the status of the BeEST Phase-III and highlight the refined experimental and analytical techniques in Phase-III. We also discuss an improved analysis scheme using pulse shape discrimination enabled by a new continuous data acquisition system.
Speaker: In Wook Kim (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) -
225
Sterile Neutrino Oscillation Searches using the PRISM Technique within VALOR at SBND
The Short Baseline Neutrino (SBN) programme has an extensive physics program where one of the key aims is to investigate the existence of light sterile neutrinos. It comprises three LArTPC detectors along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB); a primarily-muon-neutrino beam. The near detector of the programme (SBND) will carry the main burden of reducing systematic error for the programme due to its proximity to the target. With unprecedentedly high statistics and excellent imaging capabilities, the detector will fully characterise the neutrino flux and neutrino-Argon cross-section and enable sensitive light sterile neutrino oscillation searches. Critically, due to its short baseline, SBND is sensitive to very fast oscillations, indicated by large squared mass splittings and hinted to by previous experiments as the region of phase space relevant for light sterile neutrino searches.
The PRISM concept exploits the relation between the off-axis angle of the beam and the flux energy spectrum; moving off-axis from the beam centre results in the spectrum of neutrino energies peaking at lower values. Therefore, by combining measurements at different beam off-axis angles it is possible to reduce the corresponding systematic uncertainties. Due to its proximity to the beam and slightly asymmetrical placement with respect to the beamline, SBND sees up to 1.6 degrees off-axis, making it ideal to exploit this technique. The work presented here will cover preliminary SBND sensitivity results and discuss the effects of using PRISM. This work used the VALOR Neutrino Fitting Framework. It will support a standalone analysis of each oscillation channel and joint multi-channel analyses to provide robust systematic constraints and definitive tests of the light sterile neutrino hypothesis.Speaker: Beth Slater (University of Liverpool) -
226
Sterile Neutrino search with atmospherics in DUNE
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next generation neutrino oscillation experiment that aims to provide insight towards the main outstanding questions in neutrino physics like mass hierarchy and investigating the potential existence of CP violation. It will make use of a suite of large liquid argon (LAr) time projection chambers, 1.5 km deep underground and located 1300 kilometers from the Fermilab LBNF beamline in the US.
Neutrinos are one of the best probes towards physics beyond the Standard Model. A highly sought-after hypothesis is the existence of one or more "sterile" neutrinos, which could be possible candidates for dark matter. The DUNE experiment will present a good opportunity to further expand this search, thanks to its expected excellent event reconstruction capabilities.
This initial study provides a largely phenomenological but realistic estimation of the DUNE Far Detector's sensitivity to detect sterile neutrinos using data from atmospheric events. A detailed exploration of the dependance on detector and analysis parameters, such as reconstruction efficiencies, has been performed. Upgoing atmospheric neutrino events will provide sufficient statistics and allow exploration of a wider range of L/E than beam data assuming an exposure of 10 kt/year. Results are presented from an Asimov data minimum log-likelihood fit considering a "3+1" model and including a realistic parameterization of detector reconstruction uncertainties.
Work is on-going towards a full simulation study within the framework allowing joint fits with other oscillation analyses.Speaker: Camille Sironneau (APC lab) -
227
Study of Radon background in the SuperNEMO detector
The goal of the SuperNEMO experiment is the search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0𝜈𝛽𝛽), the observation of which would prove that the neutrino is a Majorana particle. As 0𝜈𝛽𝛽 is a hypothetical and extremely rare process, it is essential to have the lowest level of background possible. 222Rn is a gaseous isotope which could emanate from the detector materials or diffuse from the air of the laboratory into the detector, and its daughter isotope 214Bi with Qb=3.27 MeV can contribute to the double-beta background. The 222Rn activity inside the SuperNEMO tracker demonstrator module must be significantly reduced down to 0.15 mBq/m3. This poster will detail anti-radon strategies used in SuperNEMO and present the status of the 222Rn analysis based on first data compared to simulation using the topology of the 214Bi-214Po decay event, i.e. one electron followed by a delayed alpha.
Speaker: Frédéric Perrot (CENBG) -
228
Study of the cosmogenic background in Te-LS
Study of the cosmogenic background in Te-LS [subgroup study]
Hechong Han
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a world-leading neutrino project, aiming at determining the mass ordering of neutrinos through precise measurements of neutrino oscillations. After the determination of neutrino mass ordering, JUNO Phase II will be used to explore neutrinoless double beta decay beyond the standard model. If a group of nuclides capable of undergoing this decay is universally found in experiments, it would prove that neutrinos are Majorana particles, making neutrinos the first known Majorana fermions. The challenge in detecting neutrinoless double beta decay lies in the extremely low number of rare decay events. Even with a 20-kiloton liquid scintillator in JUNO, the expected number of events observed in a year, with an anticipated 3% mass fraction of Te (natural abundance), would only be of the order of tens at an assumed halflife of 1e28 yr. Therefore, discriminating and reducing background are crucial. This poster will focus on the impact and exclusion strategies of long-lived isotope backgrounds induced by high-energy muons on Te nuclei. The long-lived isotopes yields are calculated using simplified geometries in G4 and fluka. Differences introduced between different hadronic models between G4 and fluka are also compared. Graph neural networks(GNN) are used for background rejectionSpeaker: 鹤冲 韩 (Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS) -
229
Super-light sterile neutrinos at Borexino and KamLAND
The presence of a super-light sterile neutrino can lead to a dip in the survival probability of solar neutrinos, and explain the suppression of the upturn in the low energy solar neutrino data. In this work, we systematically study the survival probabilities in the 3+1 framework by taking into account of the non-adiabatic transitions and the coherence effect. We obtain an analytic equation that can predict the position of the dip. We also place constraints on the parameter space of sterile neutrinos by using the latest Borexino and KamLAND data. We find that the low and high energy neutrino data at Borexino are sensitive to different regions in the sterile neutrino parameter space. In the case with only $\theta_{01}$ being nonzero, the $\rm{{}^{8}B}$ data sets the strongest bounds at $\Delta m_{01}^{2} \approx (1.1\sim2.2)\Delta m_{21}^{2}$, while the low energy neutrino data is more sensitive to other mass-squared regions. The lowest bounds on $\Delta m_{01}^{2}$ from the $\rm{pp}$ data can reach $10^{-12} \ \rm{eV^{2}}$ because of the coherence effect. Also, due to the presence of non-adiabatic transitions, the bounds in the range of $10^{-9} \ \textrm{eV}^{2} \lesssim \Delta m_{01}^{2} \lesssim 10^{-5} \ \textrm{eV}^{2}$ become weaker as $\Delta m_{01}^{2}$ or $\sin^{2}2\theta_{01}$ decreases. We also find that in the case with only $\theta_{02}$ or $\theta_{03}$ being nonzero, the low energy solar neutrino data set similar but weaker bounds as compared to the case with only $\theta_{01}$ being nonzero. However, the bounds from the high energy solar data and the KamLAND data are largely affected by the sterile mixing angles.
Speaker: Jiajun Liao (Sun Yat-sen University) -
230
Tagging Correlated Events in a Small-Scale Liquid Scintillator Detector
This contribution focuses on a small-scale liquid scintillator detector, serving as a test setup for the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment. JUNO is a next-generation medium baseline neutrino experiment located in China. The experiment has a broad physics program and the main goals are to determine the neutrino mass ordering and measure three oscillation parameters with sub-percent precision. JUNO's central detector is an acrylic sphere $\sim$35.4 meters in diameter filled with 20 kt of liquid scintillator. It is equipped with 43212 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) providing $\sim$75% of photo-coverage. As the detector approaches its final commissioning phase, comprehensive testing of various components of the experiment is crucial.
The presented test setup, located at Legnaro National Laboratory in Italy, consists of $\sim$20 kg of JUNO liquid scintillator watched by 48 2-inch PMTs. This setup is equipped with JUNO's readout electronics and data acquisition (DAQ) and it was mainly designed as a test-bench for the full processing chain.
In this contribution, we present preliminary results on the feasibility of tagging time-correlated events, exploiting the $^{214}$Bi-$^{214}$Po $\beta$-$\alpha$ coincidence.
To ensure accurate energy measurements, we performed an energy calibration using several radioactive sources. The calibration procedure establishes a precise energy scale, essential for subsequent analyses.
$^{214}$Bi-$^{214}$Po coincidences, characterized by a time difference of approximately 230 $\mu$s, close to the timing of JUNO's main signal, inverse beta decay events, provide an opportunity to test part of the selection strategy. The results show approximately 10 thousand $^{214}$Bi-$^{214}$Po candidates acquired after $\sim$15 hours of data acquisition.Speakers: Arsenii Gavrikov (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare), Vanessa Cerrone (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
231
The 2x2 Demonstrator: Overview and Physics Goals with DUNE’s First Neutrino Beam Data
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a broad physics program centered on the study of neutrinos. While prototypes of various component detectors have already collected data, the 2x2 Demonstrator, a prototype for DUNE’s liquid argon near detector (ND-LAr), will be the first DUNE detector to collect neutrino beam data and support neutrino physics analyses. Installed in the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) neutrino beamline at Fermilab and scheduled to begin data taking in spring 2024, the 2x2 Demonstrator boasts key DUNE ND-LAr design components including Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) technology, a modular structure, and pixel-based charge readout. Neutrino beam data collected with the 2x2 Demonstrator will be essential in validating DUNE ND-LAr design capabilities and will form the basis of DUNE’s first neutrino physics measurements. This poster gives an overview of the 2x2 Demonstrator and some of its initial neutrino physics analysis targets.
Speaker: Elise Hinkle (University of Chicago) -
232
The CROSS demonstrator: structure, performance and physics reach
Cryogenic particle detectors represent a promising avenue for conducting experiments on neutrinoless double beta decay, as demonstrated by the successful operation and sensitivity of current and previous experiments such as CUORE, CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo. However, the development of new bolometric technologies for effective background rejection is needed to get a higher sensitivity to the 0𝜈𝛽𝛽 decay in future experiments.
CROSS (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) aims at studying and optimizing bolometric techniques for next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay experiments of $^{100}Mo$ and $^{130}Te$. Situated at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC) in Spain, the final CROSS demonstrator will include 36 $Li_2MoO_4$ crystals and 6 $TeO_2$ crystals of size $4.5⨯4.5⨯4.5\;cm^3$ facing 42 Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) Germanium light detectors divided into 3 towers. The commencement of operation of the final experiment is scheduled for the end of 2024. Currently, one tower containing one-third of the final demonstrator's configuration is undergoing testing at LSC.
One of the objectives of our tests is the evaluation of the performance of the NTL light detectors, crucial for the rejection of alpha particles and random coincidences of ordinary 2𝜈𝛽𝛽 decay of $^{100}Mo$. Simultaneously, efforts are underway to develop and test thin-film crystal coating techniques aimed at surface events discrimination. In this poster, we will provide an overview of the current status of the CROSS experiment, discussing the achieved detector performance - energy resolution, $\alpha/\beta$ discrimination power, pile-up rejection capability - along with the physics reach of the CROSS demonstrator.
Speaker: Mariia Buchynska (IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay) -
233
The CUPID 0nbb experiment
Neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) plays a crucial role in addressing some of the major outstanding issues in particle physics, including lepton number conservation and the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Over the past few decades, several efforts have sought to increase the sensitivity on the 0νββ process to target the Inverted-Ordering region of the neutrino mass spectrum. Forthcoming-generation experiments plan to fulfil this promise aiming at sensitivities beyond 1E27 years on the 0νββ half-life.
Among the employed techniques, low-temperature calorimetry has proven to be highly promising and is poised to maintain this role in the near future through the CUPID experiment. CUPID, the CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification, is a next-generation experiment that will search for 0νββ of 100-Mo and other rare events using Li2MoO4 scintillating bolometers. CUPID will take advantage of the experience acquired by running CUORE (Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events), the first tonne-scale bolometric array, currently operating at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. CUPID will be hosted in the existing CUORE cryogenic infrastructure deploying 1596 scintillating Li2MoO4 crystals enriched in 100-Mo, coupled to 1710 light detectors. The simultaneous readout of heat and light, allows for particle identification and a robust rejection of the previously leading background from alpha particles.
Today, coordinated efforts have validated the main science drivers and put in place a viable procurement chain. Ongoing activities are focused on finalizing the CUPID detector design and refine its performance and physics capabilities. In the poster, we will provide an overview of the current status of CUPID and highlight the upcoming milestones in the construction of the experiment.Speaker: Vladyslav Berest (CEA Paris-Saclay) -
234
The Development and Prototyping of DUNE's Vertical Drift Charge Readout Planes
The DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) project is a future long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. The primary objectives of DUNE include measuring the neutrino CP-violating phase, establishing the neutrino mass hierarchy, and conducting a broad physics program that encompasses studies of supernovae, low-energy physics, and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. Central to achieving these objectives, DUNE will deploy two far detectors, each leveraging distinct technological innovations to capture and analyze neutrino interactions. The first detector will employ a well-established single-phase horizontal-drift liquid-Argon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) that utilizes conventional wire-chamber technology. In contrast, the second detector is set to pioneer a groundbreaking "vertical drift" TPC, replacing wires with charge readout planes (CRPs) accommodating strips on perforated PCB anodes for the charge readout. Following the success of small-scale prototypes, full-scale CRP demonstrators have been built and tested extensively at the CERN neutrino platform.
This poster will present the design nuances of the "vertical drift" CRPs, highlight critical insights for CRP assembly, and will present preliminary results from the demonstration phase.Speaker: Dr Fatma Boran (Indiana University (US)) -
235
The ESSnuSB+ Target Station
The next generation of neutrino experiments promises significant progresses in physics beyond Standard Model with a high discovery potential regarding in particular the matter/antimatter asymmetry and the mass hierarchy. One of the key points will be to use high intensity neutrino superbeam in combination with megaton scale detectors.
In Europe, the ESSnuSB project realized a conceptual design study of a new superbeam facility based on the 5 MW proton linac of the European Spallation Source. This facility will offer the possibility measure the $\delta_{CP}$ phase at 8° precision level.
The new phase of the project, called ESSnuSB+, will investigate the possibility to add complementary facilities like a Low Energy nuSTORM ring and a Low Energy Monitored beam to study complementary physics such the cross-section measurement and the sterile neutrino hypothesis.
This new project will adapt the concept of a the ESSnuSB target station to the requirements of the complementary facilities. In this poster, the progress of the ESSnuSB+ Target Station study will be presented.Speaker: Eric Baussan (IPHC-IN2P3/CNRS) -
236
The ESSnuSB/ESSnuSB+ detector design
The ESSnuSB (European Spallation Source neutrino Super Beam) project is a design study for an experiment to measure the CP violation in the leptonic sector by observing neutrino oscillations in the second oscillation maximum. The high intensity neutrino beam will be produced using the ESS (European Spallation Source) proton linear accelerator, which will be the most powerful proton driver in the world at the 5 MW average beam power. The ESSnuSB experiment is foreseen to be implemented in a staged approach. In the first phase of the project there will be a comprehensive campaign to measure neutrino-water interaction cross sections using the monitored neutrino beam similar to ENUBET project and the neutrino beam from the low-energy nuSTORM ring. The construction of the large 540 kt fiducial mass water-Cherenkov far detectors is expected to proceed in parallel with the cross-section measurement campaign; once they are completed, the second phase of the experiment will start in which the actual CP violation measurement will be performed. This poster will give an overview of the current design of the ESSnuSB detectors, both at the near and the far detector sites.
Speaker: Dr Budimir Kliček (Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia) -
237
The gamma-ray follow-up platform in IceCube for identifying astrophysical neutrino flares in realtime
In the budding field of multi-messenger astrophysics, neutrino observatories such as IceCube play a crucial role in identifying targets of opportunity with their near 100% up-time and view of the whole sky. IceCube aims to identify sources of astrophysical neutrinos using a cubic kilometer of instrumented ice located at the South Pole. Many candidate neutrino sources, such as blazars, have time-variable emission observed in various wavelengths of light. Therefore, flares in photons that coincide in direction and time with neutrino signatures help to distinguish true neutrino flares from background fluctuations. Such a source was identified when IceCube reported a high-energy neutrino from the direction of TXS 0506+056 and the resulting follow-up found the blazar to be in a flaring state across the electromagnetic spectrum including very-high-energy gamma rays (E > 100 GeV). Here we discuss a specific channel of IceCube alerts known as the gamma-ray follow-up (GFU) alerts which seeks to identify significant clusters of neutrinos in time and space, such as that found from TXS 0506+056, with low latency to trigger follow-up by telescopes. The stream has been operating in its current configuration since 2019 and has been sending alerts to partner imaging air Cherenkov telescopes. We will present results from an offline analysis of IceCube’s archival GFU data from May 2011 to October 2022 in which we identified the most significant flares. We also present concepts for future updates to the GFU stream to improve its performance using updated event reconstruction techniques, new source lists employing updated gamma-ray data and models of neutrino emission, and collaborations with other telescope partners including other neutrino telescopes.
Speaker: Sarah Louise Mancina (Università degli Studi di Padova) -
238
The innovative Super-Fine Grained Detector (Super-FGD) for T2K and its front-end readout architecture
In order to be ready for the era where statistical uncertainty will not be dominant anymore, the T2K collaboration has started the second phase of T2K requiring the Near Detector (ND280) Upgrade with a significant reduction of systematic uncertainties with respect to what is currently available. One of the key sub-detectors of upgraded ND280 is the Super Fine Grained Detector (Super-FGD) which has an innovative configuration of fine-grained fully active plastic scintillator cubes. The cubes’ size is 1 × 1 × 1 cm and the active part of Super-FGD is 182 × 192 × 56 cubes in dimension. These cubes are optically independent and read out along three orthogonal directions by wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers connected with Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) totalling more than 56k channels. The new configuration of Super-FGD provides 3D reconstruction, full polar angle acceptance and a much lower proton tracking threshold. Furthermore, neutron tagging capabilities in addition to precision timing information will allow the upgraded detector to estimate neutron kinematics from neutrino interactions. All the features above have put many requirements for read-out electronic systems such as a large number of channels, a large dynamic range (from ~0.5 p.e up to 1500p.e), and a time resolution of sub-ns. These tasks are achievable thanks to the Front-End Board (FEB) where its electronics architecture revolves around the utilization of the Cherenkov Imaging Telescope Integrated Read Out Chip (CITIROC). Each FEB can read 256 channels and there is more than 200 FEB in total. In this poster, we will briefly present the Super-FGD and its expected performance then focus on characterizing the architecture of the FEB, together with a summary of its performance test series before mass production.
Speaker: Quoc Viet Nguyen (Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Ecole Polytechnique, France) -
239
The Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector for the Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment
Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is a next-generation long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment designed to make precision measurements of neutrino oscillations. These measurements will have greater sensitivity to CP violation in the lepton sector than previously possible. To measure CP violation, Hyper-K will look for the appearance of electron neutrinos coming from the flavor changing oscillations of a muon neutrino beam and compare this to electron anti-neutrino appearance with a muon anti-neutrino beam. To accomplish this goal the interaction rates of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos must be well understood. An intermediate water Cherenkov detector (called IWCD) will be constructed about 1 km from the origin of the neutrino beam. It will be able to measure the electron to anti-electron neutrino cross section using intrinsic electron neutrino contamination in the Hyper-K neutrino beam. Additionally, the IWCD is designed be movable between different off-axis angles from the primary neutrino beam direction, sampling different neutrino flux spectra as it does so. The neutrino cross section will then be measured at different neutrino energy spectra to constrain the relationship between the observed lepton and the true neutrino energy. The IWCD is carefully designed to control the backgrounds to these measurements, including those from particles produced in interactions between the neutrino beam and the material outside the detector. This poster focuses on the physics goals of IWCD and the simulation work to understand the backgrounds and how they influence the design of the detector.
Speaker: Laurence Cook (TRIUMF) -
240
The KM3NeT real-time analysis framework
KM3NeT is a deep-sea research infrastructure composed of two water-Cherenkov neutrino telescopes under construction in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA (Italy), designed to identify and study TeV-PeV astrophysical neutrino sources, and ORCA (France), aiming at studying the intrinsic properties of neutrinos in the few-GeV range. Despite their different primary goals, both telescopes can be used to perform neutrino astronomy across an energy spectrum ranging from a few MeV to a few PeV, owing to the complementary energy ranges they are optimised for. Real-time multi-messenger searches are a key aspect of the KM3NeT program. These searches aim at combining information from complementary cosmic messengers, simultaneously measured by different observatories, in order to study transient phenomena. In this respect, the real-time distribution of alerts when potentially interesting events are detected can enhance the discovery potential of transient sources and refine the localization of poorly localized triggers, such as gravitational waves. In this context, the KM3NeT real-time analysis framework is continuously reconstructing all ARCA and ORCA events, performing core-collapse supernova analyses and searching for spatial and temporal coincidences with alerts received from other operating multi-messenger instruments. The definition of a sample of interesting events to send alerts to the external multi-messenger community is still in progress. We present the current status of the KM3NeT real-time analysis framework.
Speaker: Massimo Mastrodicasa (Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" and INFN-Roma) -
241
The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR’s search for double beta decay of 76Ge to excited states of 76Se
The MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR concluded its search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge in 2021. The experiment operated an array of up to 40.4 kg of p-type point contact high-purity germanium detectors, 29.7 kg of which were isotopically enriched in $^{76}$Ge. The experiment is also searching for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states of $^{76}$Se. Six possible decay modes exist, each of which produce events spanning multiple detectors that can be separated from backgrounds. The DEMONSTRATOR previously set world-leading limits in the range of $(0.75-4.0)\times10^{24}$ yrs (90% C.I.) on the various decay modes of $^{76}$Ge. Since then, the DEMONSTRATOR has collected over twice as much exposure, and several improvements have been implemented to the analysis techniques. This poster will present the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's search for double-beta decay of $^{76}$Ge to excited states of $^{76}$Se.
This material is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, the Particle Astrophysics and Nuclear Physics Programs of the National Science Foundation, and the Sanford Underground Research Facility.
Speaker: Ian Guinn (ORNL) -
242
The muon measurements at the FASER experiment
The FASER experiment is an experiment at the large hadron collider (LHC) measuring neutrinos and searching long-lived particles.
The proton-proton interactions at LHC produce hadrons in forward regions which decays into neutrinos.
These neutrinos are considered as a TeV neutrino beam source in our experiment.
The main uncertainty in the analysis is the neutrino flux because of uncertainty in the hadron productions.
The muons, which are produced at the same time from these hadrons, are measured at the FASER site.
The measurement of muons might have good information to reduce uncertainty in the neutrino flux. The measurement is also good for studying the characterization of the collider beamline.
In this poster, we report the measurement of muons by the FASER experiment and its prospects.Speaker: Ken Ohashi (University of Bern) -
243
The SAND tracking system at the DUNE Near Detector
Within the DUNE next-generation neutrino oscillation experiment, the Near-Detector complex has the main aim of constraining systematic uncertainties, in order to allow precise oscillation measurements. The SAND detector is one of the three components of the Near Detector complex. Its aim is to monitor the neutrino beam from an on-axis position and carry out neutrino cross section measurements on different target nuclei. SAND will leverage a $0.6$ T superconducting magnet and a lead-scintillator fiber electromagnetic calorimeter. The inner magnetized volume of SAND will host a low-density tracker based on Straw Tubes (STT) and thin ($1-2\%$ $X_0$) passive target planes of various materials, capable of combining a relatively large mass (about 5 t) with high spatial and momentum resolution. Using alternating carbon and $\text{CH}_2$ targets, the STT will provide a high-statistics $\nu(\bar{\nu})-\text{H}$ CC ("solid hydrogen") interaction sample. This poster will present the physics program of the SAND tracker and the current status of the design and analysis activities, together with the R&D on small scale prototypes.
Speaker: Alessandro Ruggeri (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
244
The SNO+ Tellurium Deployment Programme
The SNO+ experiment is now preparing for the deployment of Te within the scintillator using a novel chemical loading technique, thereby enabling a $0\nu\beta\beta$ search using $^{130}\mathrm{Te}$. Numerous underground chemical purification plants have been commissioned to ensure that this technique is carried out with expected purification efficiency, stability, and process performance. This poster will discuss the status of the Te deployment programme, as well as results from the initial test runs of the Te process plant capabilities.
Speakers: Dr Benjamin Tam (University of Oxford), Dr Szymon Manecki -
245
The Status and Prospects of the TRIDENT Deep-sea Neutrino Telescope
While cosmic rays were first discovered over a century ago, the source of the most extreme energy components remains unknown. Next-generation neutrino telescopes with substantially improved sensitivity are required to pinpoint the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by IceCube. The TRopIcal DEep-sea Neutrino Telescope (TRIDENT) will instrument ~8km^3 of seawater with optical detection modules ~3.5km deep in the South China Sea. With the use of advanced photon-detection technology and large dimensions, TRIDENT expects to observe the IceCube steady source candidate NGC 1068 at 5σ within one year of operation. This degree of sensitivity will open a new domain for the diagnosis of the origin of cosmic rays and probe for fundamental physics over astronomical baselines. Presented here are the experiment's design, status and prospects, where a pilot project of ten strings for a technology demonstration is scheduled for 2026.
Speaker: Donglian Xu (Tsung-Dao Lee Institute) -
246
The SuperNEMO Demonstrator: a unique technology for high-precision measurements of ββ-decay modes
SuperNEMO is searching for the hypothesised lepton-number-violating neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) process. Our unique NEMO-3-style tracker-calorimeter detector tracks individual particle trajectories and energies. This enables powerful background rejection and detailed studies of Standard Model (2νββ) decay. By studying electron and photon energies and relative trajectories, SuperNEMO will investigate nuclear processes hidden to other technologies, such as decays to excited nuclear states, and will constrain the axial coupling constant, gA. By precisely measuring 2νββ observables we will seek beyond-the-Standard-Model effects like exotic 0νββ modes, Lorentz-violating decays and bosonic neutrino processes.
The SuperNEMO Demonstrator at LSM, France has a 6.1kg Se-82 ββ source, and is taking background data vital to isolate future signals. It is calibrated with a Bi-207 source deployment system. Shielding, composed of layers protecting detector against external photons and neutrons, is now in construction. The ultimate goal of SuperNEMO is to perform a background-free measurement in ROI of 0vββ for Se-82. The ββ data-taking is expected to start in 2024.Speaker: Miroslav Macko (IEAP CTU in Prague) -
247
The trigger and data acquisition system of the TRIDENT phase-I detector
TRIDENT is a future, next-generation neutrino telescope to be built in the South China Sea, designed to discover astrophysical neutrino sources and probe fundamental physics over astronomical distances. An optimal trigger and data acquisition (TDAQ) system is needed to ensure events of interest are recorded with high efficiency, while also minimizing the rate of backgrounds during data transmission. For example, radiation from naturally occurring 40K decays in seawater creates a large background that would dominate TRIDENT's data bandwidth. A carefully crafted TDAQ system built upon optical detection modules with a multi-channel PMT design can be used to strongly mitigate this effect. TRIDENT's phase-I detector, a pilot array consisting of ten strings, will offer an excellent opportunity to commission the needed technologies for the future full TRIDENT array. This poster describes the design of the TDAQ system for TRIDENT phase-I and presents preliminary evaluations of a lab-built TDAQ prototype.
Speaker: Hualin Mei -
248
The TRISTAN detector upgrade for the keV sterile neutrino search with KATRIN
From indirect observations of the universe, we know that at least 80 % of all matter is made of galactic dark matter. As a minimal extension to the standard model of particle physics, the so-called sterile neutrinos in the keV mass range pose a viable candidate for dark matter. One way to search for these sterile neutrinos in a laboratory-based experiment is via tritium beta decay. A sterile neutrino with a mass of up to 18.6 keV would lead to a spectral shape distortion in the decay spectrum. A high-precision measurement of the entire decay spectrum with more than $10^{16}$ collected electrons is required to search for this shape distortion on the parts-per-million level. This can be achieved with the high electron rates provided by the ultra-luminous tritium source of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. A novel multi-pixel silicon drift detector (SDD) and readout system, called the TRISTAN detector, is currently being designed to upgrade the KATRIN detector system and extend its measurement range to search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos. The new detector system itself is segmented into 9 identical detector modules, each hosting a monolithic SDD with 166 independent pixels. To resolve the spectral shape distortion of a sterile neutrino signal, the detector system is designed to provide an excellent energy resolution of 300 eV (FWHM) at 20 keV and a low energy threshold of 2 keV.
This poster will give an overview of the current status of the TRISTAN detector system and the first characterization measurement results obtained with the 166-pixel modules.
This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 852845).Speaker: Daniel Siegmann (Technical University of Munich) -
249
The WAGASCI-BabyMIND detector of the upgraded T2K experiment
The T2K experiment has worked for over a decade using ND280 as its near detector. In recent years, T2K has been upgraded to increase its beam power, upgrade ND280 and install a second near detector: WAGASCI-BabyMIND (WGBM). WGBM is composed of both plastic and water segmented trackers and muon range detectors, including the BabyMIND magnetized detector. WGBM is located beneath ND280, and is exposed to a different off-axis angle, thus being subjected to a significantly different neutrino energy spectrum. The presence of both plastic and water in ND280 and WGBM, combined with the different energy flux, provides an additional handle on the flux and cross-section modeling uncertainties, thereby increasing the sensitivity of T2K in its neutrino oscillation measurements. This poster describes the WGBM detector, the status of its ongoing physics measurements, and its expected role in the upgraded T2K experiment.
Speaker: Cesar Jesus-Valls (Kavli IPMU) -
250
The Water Cherenkov Test Experiment: Investigating Particle Detection in Small-Scale Water Cherenkov Detectors
The Intermediate Water Cherenkov Detector (IWCD) will serve as a near detector for the Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) experiment. The IWCD will be used to measure and study neutrino interactions approximately 1 km downstream of the production point, where the oscillation effect is negligible. The multi-PMT (mPMT) photosensor has been developed for use in the IWCD detector due to its better timing and spatial resolution compared to the Super-K or Hyper-K 50-cm diameter PMTs. This will facilitate precise event reconstruction in the small-scale detector like the IWCD. To validate the performance of the mPMTs and event reconstruction using mPMTs in a small water Cherenkov detector, we are currently in the process of constructing a ~40-ton scale Water Cherenkov Test Experiment (WCTE) as a prototype for IWCD, with plans for operation in late 2024. The WCTE will operate in the CERN East Area T9 beam line with low momentum charged particle fluxes. The WCTE has a tank with a height and diameter of ~4 m, with the capacity to house 100 mPMT modules during operation. These mPMT modules are constructed using nineteen 3-inch PMTs arranged in a semicircle inside a water-tight vessel. The WCTE will also focus on refining the calibration system to achieve accurate particle reconstruction, a critical factor in optimizing the IWCD's performance. Additionally, the WCTE will conduct in-depth investigations into key physics processes, such as charge leptons and pion scattering, electron/gamma separation, and neutron tagging. We are currently developing an accurate mPMT simulation within the GEANT4 framework to understand the measurements taken by mPMTs. The goal of this presentation is to provide detailed information on the WCTE detector design, including a novel assembly procedure developed for building the mPMT modules, a concise overview of their mechanical and electronic components, and the calibration hardware. We will also report on the simulation as well as the crucial physics program.
Speaker: Dr Mohit Gola (TRIUMF) -
251
TINY experiment: search for 0n2b decay with Zr-96 and Nd-150
The TINY (Two Isotopes for Neutrinoless double beta decaY search) experiment aims to investigate neutrinoless double beta decay (0n2b) using the $^{96}$Zr and $^{150}$Nd isotopes. Both of them possess the crucial advantage of very high transition energy for the 0n2b process, which would allow the experimenters to obtain a higher sensitivity to the effective Majorana mass compared to other isotope candidates. However, those isotopes are not the focus for large experiments due to the unavailability of a suitable scalable detector technology.
TINY project is focused on the development of a “source=detector” technology for these two candidates. Bolometric detectors have proven their applicability for 0n2b decay searches, utilizing various absorber compounds and isotope candidates, as was done in CUORE (TeO$_2$ absorber), CUPID-Mo, AMoRe (Li$_2$MoO$_4$), CUPID-0 (ZnSe). These experiments have demonstrated high energy resolution and the possibility of active particle identification with scintillating cryogenic bolometers.
Following this approach, TINY will investigate dielectric absorbers containing the isotopes of interest: $^{96}$Zr will be embedded into ZrO$_2$ crystals, measured with thermal sensors, and coupled to auxiliary light detectors for active alpha particles rejection. $^{150}$Nd will be studied with magnetic NdGaO$_{3}$ absorbers and athermal phonon sensors. Particle identification will be achieved via pulse shape discrimination.
The successful R&D would provide technology for Zr- and Nd- -based bolometric detectors with high performance, which will be measured in the TINY pilot experiment. It will consist of a few kg scale underground demonstrator and will be able to set the best limits worldwide on the 0n2b half-lives for both $^{96}$Zr and $^{150}$Nd isotopes thanks to high efficiency and energy resolution.Speaker: Anastasiia Zolotarova (CEA-Saclay) -
252
Track reconstruction in the HA-TPC of the upgraded near detector of T2K
T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that has taken data since 2010. After having obtained the first hints of CP violation in the leptonic sector, it has entered a second phase with an upgrade of its accelerator beam line and suite of near detectors. Among the different elements of this upgrade, two High-Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPC) were installed. Each endplate of these HA-TPC is equipped with Encapsulated Resistive Anode MicroMegas (ERAM). This innovative technology owes its originality to the use of a layer of insulator and a layer of glue to engender charge spreading on the detector's pads. Several test beam and cosmics data taking campaigns have validated these HA-TPC and showed an even better spatial resolution than the Bulk MicroMegas technology that equips the vertical TPC already present for the first phase of T2K. New reconstruction algorithms had to be developed to fully exploit the capabilities of these detectors. These are presented in this poster together with the first performances they allowed to obtain.
Speaker: Ulysse Virginet (LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, IN2P3/CNRS) -
253
Track vs shower discrimination in the event reconstruction of the ICARUS experiment
The ICARUS collaboration has employed the 760-ton T600 liquid argon TPC detector in a successful three-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous $\nu_e$ appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV$^2$. After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. The detector commissioning phase lasted until June 2022, then ICARUS moved to data taking for neutrino oscillation physics collecting events from the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis. The initial experiment goals are to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment, perform measurements of neutrino cross sections with the NuMI beam and several Beyond Standard Model searches. Then, ICARUS will jointly search for evidence of sterile neutrinos with the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND). In this contribution, we discuss recent changes to the standard TPC event reconstruction that uses Pandora, a pattern recognition software common to liquid argon-based detectors. In particular, we performed a new training of the Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) employed to separate track-like and shower-like reconstructed particles using Monte Carlo simulations of neutrino events from BNB in ICARUS. We compare the discrimination capabilities of the old and new BDT training and discuss further improvements of this algorithm.
Speaker: Alice Campani (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
254
TRIF𝒪RCE: a PTOLEMY project
Interest in the β-decay endpoint of atomic tritium is reaching new highs. The absolute mass of the neutrino is not yet known - PTOLEMY will soon join KATRIN and Project-8 in the fray. The PTOLEMY concept relies upon a cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy trigger and a non-destructive tracking system. The TRItium-endpoint From 𝒪(fW) Radio-frequency Cyclotron Emissions group is leading the R&D in this vein. The development of radio-frequency cavities for the simultaneous transport of endpoint electrons and the extraction of their kinematic information is essential in providing a fast online trigger and precise energy-loss corrections. The cryogenic low-noise, high-frequency analogue electronics combined with FPGA-based front-end analysis capabilities will provide the PTOLEMY demonstrator with its CRES readout and a testbed for further R&D at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory for the full CνB detector.
Speaker: James Vincent Mead -
255
Trinity: Probing Very High-Energy Cosmic Neutrinos with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique
Trinity, an imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope (IACT) observatory, is proposed for detecting very high energy (VHE) and ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic neutrinos.
It is designed to detect Earth-skimming tau-neutrinos, transforming into tauons which emerge in the atmosphere and decay producing air showers. Currently, Trinity is in its Demonstrator phase featuring a 0.75 m² mirror area telescope with a 5° x 5° FoV, deployed at Frisco Peak, Utah, and it promises to be the most sensitive VHE-neutrino detector for sources, pointed at NGC 1068 and TXS 0506+56. The Demonstrator became operational and started data-taking since October 3rd, 2023. This presentation highlights the Trinity Demonstrator's status, showcasing initial data acquisition results, stability, remote operation, background assessment, atmospheric monitoring, and data analysis development.Speaker: Mariia Fedkevych (Georgia Institute of Technology) -
256
Tritium spectrum modeling for keV-sterile neutrino search with KATRIN
The KATRIN experiment is designed to measure the effective mass of the electron anti-neutrino by studying the high-energy end of the tritium β-decay spectrum. After completing the neutrino mass campaigns, KATRIN plans to search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos. For this purpose, a novel detector system called TRISTAN is under development. The detector will consist of about 1500 Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) pixels, arranged in so-called detector modules. The SDD modules are now in production, and the commissioning of the detector is expected to begin in 2026. Thanks to the high tritium source activity of KATRIN, a statistical sensitivity at the level of sin$^{2}$θ < 10$^{-6}$ can be achieved. To achieve a high sensitivity, an accurate modeling of the expected spectrum accounting for all systematic effects of the experimental setup is required.
In this poster, we will present the ongoing efforts to model the expected tritium spectrum at the detector. The dominant systematic effects as well as the expected sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to keV sterile neutrinos will be reported.Speakers: Anthony Onillon (TUM), Martin Descher (Karlsruhe Institute of Technologie) -
257
Understanding gravitationally induced decoherence parameters in neutrino oscillations using a microscopic quantum mechanical model
In this poster, a microscopic quantum mechanical model for
gravitationally induced decoherence in the context of neutrino
oscillations is presented. The focus is on the comparison with existing
phenomenological models and the physical interpretation of the
decoherence parameters in such models. The results show that for
neutrino oscillations in vacuum gravitationally induced decoherence can
be matched with phenomenological models with decoherence parameters of a
specific form. When matter effects are included, the decoherence
parameters show a dependence on matter effects, which vary in the
different layers of the Earth, that can be explained with the form of
the coupling between neutrinos and the gravitational wave environment
inspired by linearised gravity. Consequently, in the case of neutrino
oscillations in matter, the microscopic model does not agree with many
existing phenomenological models that assume constant decoherence
parameters in matter, and their existing bounds cannot be used to
further constrain the model considered here. The probabilities for
neutrino oscillations with constant and varying decoherence parameters
are compared and it is shown that the deviations can be up to 10%.
Furthermore, the quantum mechanical model is compared with master
equations derived from a field-theoretic model based on linearised gravity.Speaker: Max Joseph Fahn -
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Unlocking the Potential of Tau Neutrino Astronomy with TAMBO
The detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube has opened a new window on our Universe. While IceCube has measured the flux of these neutrinos at energies up to several PeV, much remains to be discovered regarding their origin and nature. Currently, the discovery of point sources of neutrinos is hindered by atmospheric neutrino backgrounds; likewise, astrophysical neutrino flavor ratio measurements are limited by the difficulty of discriminating between electron and tau neutrinos. TAMBO is a next-generation neutrino telescope specifically designed to detect tau neutrinos in the 1-100 PeV energy range. This tau neutrino specificity enables a nearly background-free identification of astrophysical neutrino sources, as well as tests of the flavor ratio of astrophysical neutrinos. TAMBO will comprise an array of water Cherenkov and plastic scintillator detectors deployed on the face of the Colca Canyon in the Peruvian Andes, with its unique geometry facilitating the high-purity measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos. In this poster, I will present the prospects of TAMBO in the context of next-generation neutrino observatories and provide an overview of its current status.
Speaker: Will Thompson (Harvard University) -
259
Upgraded J-PARC neutrino beamline and prospects for further increase of beam power
The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment entered a new phase with enhanced neutrino beams. J-PARC neutrino beam is produced from decayed pions and kaon created by interaction with proton beams at a graphite target. To provide a higher intensity accompanying the J-PARC main ring accelerator upgrade, the J-PARC Neutrino beamline group upgraded and exchanged beamline instruments like beam monitors, electromagnetic horns and target. Beam commissioning was started in November 2023 after the long shutdown for the upgrade works in 2021-2022. We have successfully achieved a record beam power of about 760 kW, which is an increase of more than 40% compared to that before the upgrade and greater than the initial design beam power. While supplying the beam for the T2K experiment, we aim for further increase of the beam power to 1.3 MW. It is also a key in the next generation of neutrino research, Hyper-Kamiokande, toward unraveling the mystery of the missing antimatter from our universe. In this poster, we present our successful achievement of a record beam power with the upgraded J-PARC neutrino beamline and future prospects toward the realization of higher beam power.
Speaker: Tsunayuki Matsubara (KEK/J-PARC) -
260
All-sky and Galactic Ridge diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux search with KM3NeT/ARCA6-8-19-21 data
KM3NeT is a European research infrastructure building second-generation neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea, comprising in its final configuration a network of detectors that will cover more than one cubic kilometre of deep seawater. KM3NeT/ARCA is part of the KM3NeT research infrastructure and focuses on the detection of high energy neutrinos (>TeV) from astrophysical sources. The KM3NeT/ARCA detection units are deployed offshore Capo Passero, Italy at a depth of 3500 m, delivering data as the construction of the detector is ongoing. In this contribution the results of an all-flavour search for diffuse astrophysical neutrino fluxes, using the full dataset obtained with the first KM3NeT/ARCA configurations of appreciable instrumented volume, namely ARCA6 (6 detection units), ARCA8, ARCA19 and ARCA21, will be presented.
Two cases are considered: an all-sky diffuse flux and a flux coming from the Galactic Ridge,
namely |b| < 2◦ and |l| < 30◦, in Galactic coordinates. Recently, strong evidence of a diffuse
neutrino emission from the Galactic plane has been reported by the IceCube Collaboration.
However, the angular resolution of the exploited data set allows open questions about the origin of this flux, especially regarding the relative contribution of unresolved sources. KM3NeT detectors are located in the Northern hemisphere, fully complementing the field of view of the IceCube neutrino telescope, and having the possibility to observe the centre of our Galaxy for most of the time with outstanding angular resolution, exploiting track-like upward-going events.
Machine learning techniques for the event selection and a bayesian method for the statistical analysis will be presented.Speaker: Luigi Antonio Fusco (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare) -
261
STUDY OF PROTON-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS IN THE DSTAU/NA65 EXPERIMENT AT THE CERN-SPS
The DsTau (NA65) experiment at CERN was proposed to measure an inclusive differential cross-section of Ds production, and its decay branching ratios in p-A interactions. The DsTau detector is based on the nuclear emulsion technique providing an excellent spatial resolution for detecting short-lived particles like charmed hadrons. The first results of the analysis of the pilot-run data are presented. The accuracy of the proton interaction vertex reconstruction is reported. A high precision in vertex reconstruction allows one to measure the proton interaction length and charged particle multiplicities accurately in a high-track density environment. The measured data have been compared with several Monte Carlo event generators in terms of multiplicity and angular distribution of charged particles. The results presented in this study can be used to validate event generators of p-A interactions.
Speaker: Elena Firu -
262
Time-integrated search for astrophysical neutrino emission with 2 years of KM3NeT/ARCA data
The identification of cosmic objects emitting high energy neutrinos provides new insights about the Universe and its active sources. Although cosmic neutrinos have been observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the sources of these neutrinos still remain unknown. The KM3NeT/ARCA detector for Astroparticle Research with Cosmics in the Abyss, is currently being built in the Mediterranean Sea at about 3500 m depth and 100 km off the Sicilian coast, near Capo Passero. To record the neutrino induced Cherenkov light, on its final configuration the detector will consist of >4000 light sensitive optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each, distributed over 230 detection units. The detector will instrument a volume of a cubic kilometre of seawater. KM3NeT has a view of the sky complementary to IceCube, and is sensitive to neutrinos across a wide range of energies. The results of a binned all-sky scan are presented, as well as a binned time-integrated point source and an extended source searches in the direction of a list of preselected candidate sources. The galactic and extragalactic candidates are selected based on GeV – EeV information from other neutrino experiments, cosmic ray observatories as well as optical measurements. For all presented analyses, KM3NeT/ARCA data from May 2021 until September 2023 taken with an evolving detector geometry up to 21 detection units is used.
Speaker: Maurizio Spurio (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
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S8: Astrophysical neutrinos 2 Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Francis Halzen
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265
Search for ultra-high energy neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory, originally designed for the detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, has also the capability to detect neutrinos with energies above 100 PeV. The identification, through the special characteristics of highly inclined showers, is efficiently performed for neutrinos of all flavours. This presentation reviews the status of the neutrino search at the Observatory. Upper limits on the neutrino flux from diffuse and point-like sources have been established, placing constraints on models of neutrino production at EeV energies and on the properties of the sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. High sensitivity in search for transient sources has also been achieved.
Speaker: Dariusz Gora (Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej) -
266
The Present and Future of High-Energy Neutrino AstronomySpeaker: Naoko Kurahashi Neilson (Drexel University)
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10:35 AM
Coffee break
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S9: Neutrino properties 2 Aula Magna (U6 building) (University of Milano-Bicocca)
Aula Magna (U6 building)
University of Milano-Bicocca
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, Milano, 20126Chair: Kyle Leach
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267
Direct neutrino-mass measurement based on 259 days of KATRIN data
The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) is searching for the signature of the neutrino mass in the endpoint region of the tritium beta-decay spectrum. KATRIN combines a high-intensity gaseous molecular tritium source with a high-resolution electrostatic spectrometer with magnetic adiabatic collimation which allowed KATRIN to reach a sub-eV sensitivity to the neutrino mass and to set an upper limit of 0.8 eV/c^2 (90% CL) already with the first 5% of the total expected data.
This talk discusses the analysis of a larger dataset with 25% of the KATRIN data and improvements in terms of signal-to-background ratio and systematics, and gives an outlook on the future prospects of KATRIN.
Speaker: Alexey Lokhov (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) -
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Present and future of direct neutrino mass experimentsSpeaker: Angelo Nucciotti (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
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Lecture for Students (in english) Aula Martini (U6 building) (University of Milano Bicocca)
Aula Martini (U6 building)
University of Milano Bicocca
University of Milano Bicocca – Aula Martini (U6 building)-
270
The genesis of the neutrino concept
The first proposal of the neutrino idea is about to turn a century old. In this lecture, we recall the fundamental advances that occurred soon after, in the era of modelling the atomic nucleus. We discuss the subsequent modifications and developments of the neutrino concept, which shaped modern thinking and prepared for observational advances. We retrace a journey through history, organised in six stages, focusing in particular on the initial ones:
1. Early 1930s. Pauli's neutrino and its significance.
2. Fermi 1933-34: The first beta-ray and neutrino theory. Conceptual and formal foundations, implications. Electron capture.
3. Majorana 1937: The modern understanding of fermions. A new concept of neutrino.
4. From muons to families. The numbers of leptons. Nature of weak interactions and the neutrino. The standard model and its failure.
5. Pontecorvo & Sakata's winning approach to neutrino mass.
6. The part that remains to be written: How to observe the absolute mass of the neutrino? What is its nature?Speaker: Francesco Vissani (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare)
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