Conveners
Orals LM 003: BOLO ARRAY
- Erik Shirokoff (University of Chicago)
Orals LM 003: BOLO FAB
- Mauro Rajteri (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica)
Orals LM 003: BOLO FAB
- Mauro Rajteri (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica)
Orals LM 003: FAB
- Matteo Biassoni
Orals LM 003: X ARRAY
- Douglas Bennett (NIST)
Orals LM 003: MAT
- Ben Mazin (UCSB)
Description
Low Temperature Detector fabrication techniques and materials
Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs) carry the promise of a truly scalable detector solution, capable of filling the ambitiously large and densely populated focal planes envisioned for future sub-millimeter and millimeter-wave instruments. As part of our effort to realize their full potential, we have developed and fabricated the first kilopixel-scale arrays of KIDs on 150 mm diameter silicon...
The inflationary scenario generically predicts the existence of primordial gravitational waves, though over a wide range of amplitudes from slow-roll to multi-field models. The presence of these tensor perturbations at the last scattering surface imprinted the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization with a unique parity-odd “B-mode” pattern at 1-degree angular scale. The BICEP/Keck (BK)...
Detecting the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) represents the best technique to study physical phenomena happening a split-second within the big bang, thus testing the standard cosmological model. In this framework the Short Wavelength Instrument for the Polarization Explorer (SWIPE) aims at the measurement of CMB polarization at the largest angular scales, where cosmic...
The high sensitivity requirements set by future Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) instruments are pushing the current technologies to produce highly performant focal plane arrays with thousands of detectors. The coupling of the detectors to the telescope optics is a challenging task. Current implemented solutions include phased-array antenna coupled detectors, platelet horn arrays and...
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides a powerful tool for probing the earliest moments of the universe. However, millimeter-wave observations are complicated by the presence of astrophysical foregrounds, such as synchrotron emission and galactic dust, which also radiate at these wavelengths. By designing detectors with broad spectral coverage, these foregrounds can be separated from...
We report on the implementation of vacuum parallel-plate capacitor MKIDs for astronomical applications. MKIDs features an intrinsic excess noise probably due to the two-level systems (TLS) generated at metal/dielectric interface, particularly when dielectrics are amorphous, as well as in the bulk substrate. To attempt to reduce TLS, several groups are intensively investigating the use of...
Kinetic-inductance detectors have been developed rapidly thanks to their intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing property. However, the main limitation of the number of the usable detectors is found to be crosstalk in the frequency domain instead of fabrication yield. For example, the fraction of usable detectors of the NIKA2 instrument has been limited to 70~90% by the resonance overlapping...
An on-chip FTS consists of two waveguides coupled to long superconducting transmission lines (STLs) (∼ 520 mm) using two coupling probes. The signal propagating on one of the STLs is phase shifted with respect to the other line with a bias current that affects the nonlinear dependence of kinetic inductance, $\mathcal{L}_k(I)$ of the STL material. Here we describe measurements of a...
A significant number of instruments employ the superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) because of the exquisite calorimetry and bolometry it enables. The realization of the TES relies on fabricating a superconducting element with controllable transition temperature and normal state resistance. One primary way to achieve this is to form a bilayer consisting of a normal/superconductor...
Precise measurement of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is an important field in contemporary science and has been a key motivator for the development of kilopixel arrays of polarization-sensitive superconducting detectors, such as transition edge sensors (TESs). Alongside collaborators, NIST has developed large arrays of feedhorn-coupled...
We report on the development of large format arrays using multiabsorber transition edge sensors (TESs), commonly referred to as ‘hydras’. A hydra consists of multiple x-ray absorbers each with a different thermal conductance to a TES. Position information is encoded in the pulse shape. With some trade-off in performance, hydras enable the development of very large format arrays without the...
We developed a transition edge sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeter array with two different-thickness absorbers in the same device, for the wide energy band from 50 eV to 15 keV.
Studies of astromaterials, such as sample-return missions (e.g., HAYABUSA2 and OSIRIS-REX), provide valuable insights into the formation and the evolution of the solar system. Astromaterials include several small...
We describe performance of large-scale arrays of metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs) we are developing to meet requirements of the Lynx X-ray Microcalorimeter (LXM) instrument in the astrophysics mission concept Lynx. We have fabricated prototypes with 55,800 x-ray pixels thermally connected to 5,688 MMC sensors. Subarrays demonstrate three types of pixels, which have different energy and...
By analyzing experiments on thin-film resonators of NbSi and TiN, we elucidate a decoherence mechanism at work in disordered superconductors. This decoherence is caused by charged Two Level Systems (TLS) which couple to the conduction electrons in the BCS ground state, inducing fluctuations of the kinetic inductance. Standard theories of mesoscopic disordered conductors are used to describe...
Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) are thin film, cryogenic, superconducting resonators. Incident Cooper pair-breaking radiation increases their kinetic inductance, thereby measurably lowering their resonant frequency. For a given resonant frequency, the highest MKID responsivity is obtained by maximizing the kinetic inductance fraction $\alpha$. However, in circuits with $\alpha$...
Due to the very weak electro-acoustic coupling of graphene, the energy transfer between the electrons and the lattice is very weak. In addition, the electronic heat capacity of graphene itself is very small. Therefore, it has a wide range of application prospects in fields such as high-sensitivity, high-speed heat radiation detectors. This research raise up a new bolometer based on...
Kinetic Inductance Detector (KID) is an appealing technology due to its straightforward fabrication in comparison to other detector technologies and the possibility it offers in multiplexing large detector arrays. The proximity effect can be used to optimally tune the property of a superconductor in a superconductor-normal bilayer structure. For the first time to our knowledge, we have...
