Conveners
Orals LM 002: MUX
- Omid Noroozian (NASA GSFC)
Orals LM 002: CRYO
- Philippe Camus (CNRS)
Orals LM 002: Review
- Andrea Giachero
Orals LM 002: MUX BOLO
- Pieter de Visser (SRON)
Orals LM 002: Review
- Betty Young (Santa Clara University)
Orals LM 002: Review
- Matt Pyle (University of California, Berkeley)
Orals LM 002: MICRO
- Andreas Fleischmann (Heidelberg University)
Orals LM 002: BOLO 2
- Randy Doriese (NIST)
Description
Detector readout, signal processing, and related technologies
Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is the most mature readout technology for transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter arrays. Our TDM architecture is routinely deployed to read out 250-pixel scale TES X-ray spectrometer arrays at synchrotron and accelerator beamlines, in table top X-ray spectroscopy experiments, and at electron beam ion trap (EBIT) facilities in applications ranging from...
Today microwave SQUID multiplexing appears to be the most suitable cryogenic multiplexing technique for reading out large-scale detector arrays based on metallic magnetic calorimeters. Here, each detector is read out by a non-hysteretic, unshunted rf-SQUID that is inductively coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator with unique resonance frequency. Due to the magnetic flux dependence...
We are developing the frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) read-out of transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) instrument on board of the future European X-Ray observatory Athena. The X-IFU instrument consists of an array of $\sim$3000 TESs with a high quantum efficiency (>90 % at 7 keV) and spectral resolution $\Delta E$=2.5 eV @ 7 keV...
The advanced Mo-based rare process experiment (AMoRE) is an international project to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of 100Mo using a large-scale low temperature detector. The project employs scintillating molybdate crystals for high-resolution detection of phonon and scintillation signals with MMC readouts at mK temperatures. AMoRE-II, the second phase of the project, is...
The CUORE cryostat is today’s largest and most powerful dilution refrigerator in the world. Thanks to its cryogenic performance, CUORE is the first bolometric experiment that has been able to reach the one-ton scale. The CUORE cryostat provides up to 6 µW at 10 mK and can cool down to 6.9 mK a mass of about 1.5 ton in a 4 weeks timescale. By offering an experimental volume of 1 m$^3$ and by...
Thanks to the continuous advances in nanofabrication the size of superconducting detector arrays, such as those based on TESs or KIDs, is approaching ~ 10^5 – 10^6 sensors, which is driven by the need to provide faster and more sensitive systems. To access the signals from these arrays, suitable technologies are needed to amplify and multiplex the signals at the cold stage to reduce the...
Frequency domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each TES in a multiplexing module has a unique AC voltage bias that is selected from a combined waveform by a resonant filter. This scheme enables the operation and readout of multiple bolometers on a single pair of wires, reducing thermal loading onto...
We present an on-sky demonstration of a microwave-multiplexing readout system in one of the receivers of the Keck Array, a polarimetry experiment observing the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at the South Pole. During the austral summer of 2018-2019, we replaced the time-domain multiplexing (TDM) system with microwave-multiplexing components including superconducting microwave resonators at...
Universal microwave multiplexing modules (UMMs) contain the 100 mK components of the Simons Observatory (SO) microwave multiplexing readout system. SO will map the cosmic microwave background in 6 frequency bands centered between 27 and 270 GHz with 60,000 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers housed in 49 focal plane arrays called universal focal plane modules (UFMs). Enabling this high...
The next generation of cosmic microwave background (CMB) imagers are nearly upon us. Large millimeter wave cryogenic receivers under development for the Simons Observatory, ALI-CPT, CCAT-prime, and BICEP array will each couple tens of thousands of transition-edge sensors (TES) onto the sky. These large sensor counts will be achieved by tiling multiple 150mm-diameter multichroic detector arrays...
Low-temperature microcalorimeters for x rays and gamma rays can have energy resolving powers in excess of one thousand and can cover a very broad energy range. They will achieve their ultimate potential, however, only if we take great care in the analysis of their data. To estimate pulse sizes, we must use statistically optimal weighting of the data in the presence of non-white—and possibly...
Researches that use bolometric, scintillating or semiconductor high impedance detectors, such as those experiments devoted to the study of dark matter and the neutrino mass, as well as astrophysics, demand ultra-low noise amplifiers. The signal to noise ratio increases by minimizing both the heat injection and the input stray capacitance, which leads to locate the front-end electronics at...
The energy resolution of a single photon counting Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) can be degraded by noise coming from the primary low temperature amplifier in the detector's readout system. Large multiplexed arrays of these detectors require high gain amplifiers which operate over a wide bandwidth and have a large dynamic range. Until recently, however, the best amplifiers...
A common approach for experiments searching for rare events relies on measuring the effects of nuclear recoils on large arrays of massive cryogenic bolometers. Coupling a very high sensitivity to an easily multiplexable readout, Kinetic Inductance Detectors are excellent candidates for these experiments.
We have thus investigated the possibility of using KIDs to readout the heat pulses...
Understanding “excess” noise in transition edge sensor microcalorimeters requires accurate models of their thermal circuit to correctly predict intrinsic noise components. Complex admittance measurements are routinely used to extract the parameters of the thermal model but can be ambiguous for complex thermal circuits. When measuring complex admittance, proper accounting for stray impedance is...
The combination of good energy resolution, high dynamic range, and large solid angle coverage has made arrays of transition-edge sensors (TES) an attractive option for x-ray spectral analysis. Because of these unique properties, we are developing a soft x-ray spectrometer that will become one of the first instruments available to scientists at the upgraded Linac Coherent Light Source...
We are developing ultra-low noise transition edge sensors (TESs) for the SAFARI far-IR spectrograph, part of the cryogenically-cooled SPICA mission now in phase-A study in Europe. The sensitivity target for these devices is a per-pixel noise equivalent power (NEP) below 10^-19 WHz^-1/2. In order to fully characterize these devices, the testing environment requires sufficient suppression of...
Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detectors (TKIDs) are a promising path towards combining the excellent noise performance of traditional bolometers with an RF multiplexing architecture that enables the large detector counts needed for the next generation of millimeter wave instruments. In this work, we present dark prototype TKID pixels that achieve background limited noise performance in the 150...
