In the framework of stable ions production facilities and techniques is missing an effectiveness and convenient solution for refractory elements.
On the other hand, laser sputtering phenomena are well suited in order to make sputtering sources of several materials. Showing briefly how laser works, this seminar will talk about several possible laser operating modes and suggests laser as a possible ion source, as already done in many other facilities. Thanks to the laser ion source, may be, this solution could be used to cover all the lack in the refractory ions production.
